GaBi Paper Clip Tutorial - GaBi Software

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Conducting Life Cycle Assessments outputs are first assigned to impact categories and their potential impacts quantified according to characterization factors. Figure 8 shows the conversion from emissions to impact potentials via classification and characterization. Figure 8: Classification and Characterization The Life Cycle Impact Assessment involves several steps according to the ISO standard. These can be found in more detail in the ISO 14044 standard. Within the scope of a study certain elements are defined for the LCIA. Mandatory elements include the selection of relevant impact categories, classification and characterization. The optional elements of the study are normalization, grouping and weighting. 2.3.1 Impact Assessment Methods There are different methods that can be used to perform a Life Cycle Impact Assessment. These methods are continuously researched and developed by different scientific groups based on different methodologies. This handbook does not explain the development of the different methods, but it does describe them. In life cycle impact assessment methods, such as TRACI or CML, two main approaches are used to classify and characterize environmental impacts: the problem-oriented approach (mid point) and the damage-oriented approach (end point). 20
Conducting Life Cycle Assessments In the problem-oriented approach flows are classified as belonging to environmental impact categories to which they contribute. With the help of the CML and TRACI methods more than a thousand substances are classified and characterized according to the extent to which they contribute to a list of environmental impact categories. Figure 9 shows the different impact categories used in the CML and TRACI methods. Figure 9: Comparison of the TRACI and CML Methods The so-called CML method is the methodology of the Centre for Environmental Studies (CML) of the University of Leiden and focuses on a series of environmental impact categories expressed in terms of emissions to the environment. The CML method includes classification, characterization, and normalization. The impact categories for the global warming potential and ozone layer depletion are based on IPCC factors. Further information is available at the Centre for Environmental Studies (CML), University of Leiden: For the tutorial example the CML method is used. Another method is the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts, called TRACI. This problem-oriented method is developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and is primarily used in the US. The damage-oriented methods also start with classifying a system's flows into various impact categories, but the impact categories are also grouped to belong to end-point categories as damage to human health, damage to ecosystem quality or damage to resources. EcoIndicator 99 is an example of a damage-oriented method. The used end points are easier to interpret and to communicate. 21
Page 1 and 2: GaBi Paper Clip Tutorial Part 1 Int
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents 1 Introduction to
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Page 7 and 8: Nomenclature Abbreviation Explanati
Page 9 and 10: Introduction to Life Cycle Assessme
Page 11 and 12: Conducting Life Cycle Assessments 2
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Page 23 and 24: Conducting Life Cycle Assessments F
Page 25 and 26: 2.4 Interpretation Conducting Life
Page 27 and 28: Conducting Life Cycle Assessments 3
Page 29 and 30: If so, you can skip this step. Proc
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Flows Procedure Perhaps the mos
Page 33 and 34: 3.6 Starting a project Procedure Yo
Page 35 and 36: There are 2 ways to do this in GaBi
Page 37 and 38: Procedure A window opens where you
Page 39 and 40: 3.13 Parameters Procedure Here you
Page 41 and 42: Procedure When you select a flow fr
Page 43 and 44: Procedure 38. Type in the column
Page 45 and 46: Procedure We do this to specify the
Page 47 and 48: Procedure 49. Double click on the
Page 49 and 50: Procedure You can also use the auto
Page 51 and 52: 3.25 Resizing process boxes Procedu
Page 53 and 54: Procedure 62. Connect the steel wir
Page 55 and 56: 3.27 Adding a plan Procedure We wil
Page 57 and 58: 3.29 Adding comments Procedure You
Page 59 and 60: Procedure You can drill down into t
Page 61 and 62: Procedure 97. Double click on the
Page 63 and 64: Procedure As you see, only the flow
Page 65 and 66: Procedure By right clicking on a co
Page 67 and 68: 3.39 Exporting results Procedure If
Page 69 and 70: Appendix A Appendix A Description o
Page 71 and 72:
The acidification potential is give
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix A effects are changes in g
Page 75:
Appendix A Appendix A 9 Abiotic Dep
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