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Table T4: The PIPA Outcomes Logic Model
Actor or Group of Actors
Who are Expected to
Change in the Same Way
Source: Douthwaite et al., 2008.
Change in Practice
Required to Achieve the
Project Vision
Changes in Knowledge,
Attitudes and Skills Required
to Support this Change
Project Strategies
to Bring about
these Changes
The outcomes logic model involves developing an 'outcome hypothesis' (or theory of change) in the
form of 'predictions' (outcome targets) and milestones ('progress markers') in the achievement of
the predictions. In this causal model approach, 'milestones' can be thought of as early outcomes,
and 'predictions' as later outcomes. As in the other models, these should be SMART. Using an Excel
spreadsheet, the participants then enter the key changes needed, a set of strategies and activities
for achieving those changes, and the predictions and milestones, as shown in Table T5.
Table T5: Excel Spreadsheet Used in PIPA
Source: Reproduced with permission from Douthwaite, B., Alvarez, S., Thiele, G., Mackay, R., Cordoba, D. &
Tehelen, K. 2008. Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: a practical method for project planning and
evaluation. Paper prepared for: ‘Rethinking Impact: Understanding the Complexity of Poverty and Change’
Workshop. www.prgaaprogram.org/riw/files/papers/PIPA-Impact-WS.doc
After the workshop, participants complete an M&E plan with key staff and stakeholders, and draft
an 'impact narrative' explaining the underlying logic. Repeat workshops are held every 6 or 12
months to assess progress, and, as necessary, to adjust the strategies, activities, outcomes and
milestones.
Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 20