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narrowly defined by outsiders’ concepts of impacts. The chosen indicators might not be the most important ones for other stakeholders, and so the results of the impact assessment may not be accepted. The sharing of indicators can thus be a valuable exercise in partnership and consensus building. A commonly agreed upon set of indicators reflects a shared understanding of problems, goals and strategies. Sharing ensures greater agreement and “buy in” among all partners and stakeholders involved in the project (UNDP, 2002). The process of stakeholder participation will require careful planning, and wherever possible, the indicator selection process needs to be explicit, for example, using a predetermined checklist from which participants select the indicators, or carrying out a participatory brainstorming session to then progressively narrow down and prioritise a set of indicators (Mayoux, 2001). During this process it is also important to acknowledge and address power relations between stakeholders. T9.7 Practical Considerations The use of indicators is integral to good social impact assessment frameworks. However, even with this guidance in mind, it is important to remember that indicators are only indicators, and are never an end in themselves, nor are they necessarily the final proof. But indicators that are carefully considered and shared among partners and stakeholders are far better than guesswork or individual opinion. The important thing, in the end, is how indicators are used as part of the project implementation process and how they can help make better decisions. In summary, in the selection of indicators it is important to bear in mind that: • Both quantitative and qualitative aspects should be measured, e.g. it is not enough to know how many people have been trained, we also need to know what they have learned, and whether they are successfully applying their new knowledge • No one type of indicator or observation is inherently better than another; its suitability depends on how it relates to the result it intends to describe • More information is not necessarily better, and collecting too much information can waste scarce resources • Indicators are partial and selective. Underlying values inevitably influence the selection of any particular set of indicators Main Sources and Further Guidance CIFOR. 2001. The Criteria and Indicators Toolbox Series No. 1. GEF. 2000. Measuring Results from Climate Change Programs: Performance Indicators for GEF. Monitoring and Evaluation Working Paper 4. Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 115
Mayoux, L. 2001. What Do We Want to Know? Selecting Indicators. Enterprise Development Impact Assessment Information Service (EDIAIS), UK Department for International Development (DFID). http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/research/iarc/ediais/pdf/SelectingIndicators.pdf MDF. 2005. MDF Tool: Indicators. 5.3.1 Steps. www.mdf.nl Prennushi, G., Rubio, G., and Subbarao, K. 2002. A Sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies: Monitoring and Evaluation, World Bank http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/383606- 1205334112622/4480_chap3.pdf UNDP. 2002. RBM in UNDP: Selecting Indicators, Evaluation Office, July 2002 http://www.undp.org/bcpr/iasc/content/docs/MandE/UNDP_RBM_Selecting_indicators.pdf USAID. 2003. The Performance Management Toolkit. Policy and Program Coordination Bureau. Contract Number: AEP-C-00-99-00034-00. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACT871.pdf Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 116
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MANUAL FOR SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Table of Contents T1 Introduction t
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List of Boxes Box T1. General Data
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Forest Trends’ mission is to main
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List of Acronyms (Core Guidance and
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Sections T5 and T6 present a range
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Figure T1: The Main Stages and Step
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Figure T2: Example of a Conceptual
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Figure T4: Generic Conceptual Model
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Stages 3-5 of Open Standards The re
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Figure T7: Diagram of the ROtI Anal
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table so they can be read, discusse
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Table T1: Theory of Change for Seyc
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T2.4 Participatory Impact Pathways
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Table T4: The PIPA Outcomes Logic M
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Main Sources and Further Guidance h
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T3 Sustainability Framework Approac
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Figure T12: SAPA Initiative Modifie
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1. Identify a small group of key in
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Table T6: Example of LOAM Livelihoo
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T4 Matching Methods T4.1 Introducti
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Advantages and Disadvantages of ‘
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Box T1. General Data Collection and
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Box T3. Data Collection Methods Pro
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T6 Specific Data Collection Methods
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Table T8: Example of a Household BN
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The poverty index can range from 0%
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The PIA guide proposes the followin
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day. The ‘before project’ score
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Figure T15: “Before and After”
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Table T10: Pair-Wise Ranking Showin
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Impact calendars Impact calendars c
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A large sample is needed to be conf
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Table T15: Scoring of Changes in Ag
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Table T17: QPA Scoring of Social Eq
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T6.4 Participatory Economic Valuati
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Page 75 and 76: The stories are collected from thos
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Page 79 and 80: Table T19: Stakeholder Analysis Pro
Page 81 and 82: Figure T18. Venn Diagram with Stake
Page 83 and 84: T7.2 Problem Trees Assuming it is p
Page 85 and 86: T7.3 Scenario Analysis Scenarios ar
Page 87 and 88: Box T7. Driving Forces in a Communi
Page 89 and 90: Maack, J.N. 2001. Scenario analysis
Page 91 and 92: In terms of non-monetary benefits,
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Page 95 and 96: Physical Capital Positive changes i
Page 97 and 98: these strategic resource off-limits
Page 99 and 100: einforce existing institutions or n
Page 101 and 102: PROJECT: PROFAFOR TYPE: Plantations
Page 103 and 104: their occurrence will depend in lar
Page 105 and 106: HUMAN CAPITAL Increase in perceptio
Page 107 and 108: Table T26: Potential Mid- to Long-T
Page 109 and 110: Figure T20: Example of Relationship
Page 111 and 112: Figure T22: Additional Potential So
Page 113 and 114: T9 Further Guidance on Indicator Se
Page 115 and 116: Box T9. Goals and Indicators Defini
Page 117 and 118: When selecting indicators, it is be
Page 119 and 120: Table T27: Indicator Quality Assess
Page 121 and 122: Box T10. Indicators Derived from th
Page 123: T9.5 Disaggregating Indicators Mult
Page 127 and 128: Landscape Outcomes Assessment Metho
Page 129 and 130: • Access to essential services (w
Page 131 and 132: T10.3 Social Indicators Derived fro
Page 133 and 134: Empowerment of women indicators:
Page 135 and 136: CCBA, 2008. Climate, Community & Bi
Page 137 and 138: James A., Pangtey V., Singh P. & Vi
Page 139: SEEP Network. 2006. Social Performa
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