3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives

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London News Chronicle The Monroe (North Carolina) ~jl~E Montgo_~y Advertiser Muhammad Sneaks Ths Nation New York Amsterdam ews New York Post New York Times New York Times Magma ww PhYlon Pittsburgh Courier San Francisco Chronicle San Francisco Examiner Southern School News Washin on Post Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich . Catechism of the Revolutionist . Oakland :"Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, 196? ; Bancroft Collection on Social Protest Movements, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley . Cleaver, Eldridge . The Genius of Huey P . Newton : Minister of Defense of th Panther Party . Oakland, CA : Black Panther Party, 1970. Jones, Leroi (Amiri Baraka). ArtnYaurself or Harm Yourself: A Message of Self- Defense to Black Men [one-act play] . Newark, N .J. : Jihad Publications, 196? ; Hancroft Collection on Social Protest Movements, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Newton, Huey . The Original Vision of the Black Panther Part . Oakland, CA : 81ack Panther Party, 1973 ; Bancroft Collection on Social Protest Movements, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Earl Ofari . Black Liberation : Cultural and Revolutionary Nationalism . Detroit: Radical Education Project, 1970; Bancroft Collection on Social Protest Movements, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. 224
W"C~"Y//iO~ ~JYL7///~O{i California. Legislatut+e. Assembly . Committa on Criminal Justice . A Model Penal Code for the State of California : A Study and Recom_n±endation . Sacramento : California State Assembly, 1976 . The Declassified Documents . FBI Counterintelligence Program (COIN1`EL.PRO) File . August 27, 1964-Apri128, 1971, Deacons for Defense and Justice File, Serial S. Ft+eedom to the Free : A Report to the President bx tl+e United States Commission on Civil ~. Washington, D.C . : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1963 . Lw Enforcement : A Reoorc o~ual Protection in t_t!e S~~!th . United States Commission on Civil Rights . Washington, D.C . : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1965 . President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Force Report : The Police . Washington, D.C . : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1967 . import of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. 1st ed . New York : Bantam Books, 1968 . Skolnick, Jerome H. The Politics of Protest : Violent Aspects of Protest & Confrontacio_n (A Staff Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence) Washington, D.C . : Superintendent of Documents, U.S . Government Printing Office, 1969 . Supplemental Studies for the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Washington, D.C . : Superintendent ofDocuments, U.S . Government Printing Office, 1968 . U.S . Congress, House of Rept+esentatives, 91st Congress, Second Session, October 6, 1971 . `"The Black Panther Party : Its Origin and Development as Reflected in Its Official Weekly Newspaper The Black Panther Black Community News Service," A Staff Study by the Committee on Internal Security. Washington, D.C . : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1971 . U. S . Senate Judiciary Hearings, Subcommittee on Internal Security, 91st Congress, Second Session, February 16, 1970 . Testimony of Robert F. Williams. Washington, D.C. : U.S . Government Printing Office, 1971 . 22S
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CCVII. RIGHTS & SELF-DEFENSE : THE
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Civil Rights and Self-Defense : The
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It was not until the 1950's and 196
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ights movement, including : redempt
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unnoticed, unbeknownst, or simply i
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nonviolence . It is not a complete
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happen, and the time for defense is
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during this period currently lie do
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what is right, but Iam not sure how
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could be argued that King's middle-
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people customarily initiated it . F
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"The Other Cheek" : ReUn9ubhing Sel
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expressed an urge to "give as good
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professionals and faculty members f
Page 29 and 30:
But while King defused the volatile
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(FOR), and William Worthy, a black
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practicability of his position: '~4
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Additionally, Bayard Rustin reporte
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the power structure."~ In other wor
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available to the Negro in his strug
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(toughmindedness) and love (tenderh
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compelling arguments for the moral
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and faggot. For example, in 1889, J
Page 47 and 48:
His first impulse when threatened w
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aggravate ; that is, his politics o
Page 51 and 52:
quantitative change in our lives."
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'~P~opk With StrenSth": Questioning
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united behind him:'s Comparing his
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paratroopers from the 101" Airborne
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Williams respected what he called "
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NAACP had always appealed, he scour
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Montgomery was buried without incid
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motorcade with gunfiro when the car
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slavery and oppression . Tire Negro
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S-6 . at the heart of his nonviolen
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act : anyone who would utilize nonv
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folkways . Because they believed th
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the South, found themselves spearhe
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Brown ." sa That same month, Willia
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pumping hundrr~ds of thousands of d
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making better men either of themsel
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He likened racism to a disease, a m
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escalated . Rioting broke out. Then
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Williams' ideas came to fruition in
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When juxtaposed with the ideas of M
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But if Willisms "made just as much
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Whatever his place in prevailing hi
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thinking merit special attention by
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The women propared food, and served
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candidate for county representative
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tide of nonviolent diroct action ;
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the sheriff again and told him that
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characterized by hatred or meanness
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terms of "`violence' versus `nonvio
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than as separate entities, seenKd q
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The best descriptor of Malcolm X wa
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qualities in themselves. Finally, a
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someone is treating you in a crimin
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"You can't take a black man who is
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attacked . Now, fve never been the
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have, he wondered, to stop the loca
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precluded him from being involved.
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Malcolm "proved" his detractors to
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Malcolm reveled in ambivalence, and
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While his views on integration, whi
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He summed up his speoch by doclarin
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journalist, labeled them "the South
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shifted from Jonesbom to 8ogalusa,
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cost. The struggle for black equali
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point, the Deacons had ban quietly
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Under the aegis of their charter an
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them ; they were attuned to the law
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the head, causing a gash . Leneva T
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One thing is apparent in this year
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mistake" ; the presence of the Deac
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done:' Sims said, "we walked like m
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he waa killedj, but I believe he wa
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Events picked up across the border
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they were bound to precipitate a ca
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goals of the movement. A year later
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Sellers noted that while King was f
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things," he said. "Everybody want t
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the group . For example, an intervi
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"Understand, the Deacons don't repl
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quest for black equality, and chang
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self-defense denotation from the of
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Lowndes County lies in the heart of
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"take over the courthouse" with sub
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On Monday, November 7,1966, the nig
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do anything violent ."~s But as the
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To Carmichael, the Deacons for Defe
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their perception in the media, and
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considered the Panthers "a living t
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legislator from Piedmont, specifica
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Seale, the police were the enforcem
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They also displayed a propensity to
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Newton viewed violence as not simpl
Page 195 and 196: Williams, a Panther. "We'd read Nat
Page 197 and 198: Newton, Seale, and Cleaver had all
Page 199 and 200: Simultaneously, they shouldered the
Page 201 and 202: The Deacons for Defense and Justice
Page 203 and 204: "The army turned on itself . . . Th
Page 205 and 206: defense. He believed that no ruling
Page 207 and 208: formulating their own . Coincidenta
Page 209 and 210: exposed the actions of some policem
Page 211 and 212: think in terms of armed conflict."~
Page 213 and 214: and his band waylaid the Cleveland
Page 215 and 216: Epilog : TIK Only Tis+sd T1Ky Was "
Page 217 and 218: action did so through a redefinitio
Page 219 and 220: with police personnel who were ofte
Page 221 and 222: lacks in West Feliciana Parish, Lou
Page 223 and 224: evolutionary war in tenors of self-
Page 225 and 226: everywhere a person goes, even insi
Page 227 and 228: epresented a quantum leap in the ab
Page 229 and 230: people carried themselves in public
Page 231 and 232: There can be an exaggerated distast
Page 233 and 234: demand. It never did and it never w
Page 235 and 236: "anti-American diatribes of the ran
Page 237 and 238: allowed both RAM and the RNA to use
Page 239 and 240: United States was having." s~ Exasp
Page 241 and 242: hammering home the notions of self-
Page 243 and 244: to you, that did more good than non
Page 245: SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ~~un~~r~ws a~
Page 249 and 250: Knight, Jack C. "Reckoning with Vio
Page 251 and 252: Belknap, Michael R. Feral Law and S
Page 253 and 254: Crcnshaw, Kimberlie. Critical Race
Page 255 and 256: Grant, Joanne . Hlack Pnxsst : Iist
Page 257 and 258: McCord, William, John Howard, Berna
Page 259 and 260: Reddick, Lawt+ence D. Crusader With
Page 261 and 262: Wilkins, Roy and Ramsey Clark . Sea
Page 263: The Road from Mont~p~. WCBS-TV. New
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3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives

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