3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives
3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives 3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives
who surprisingly urged CORE members to maintain their traditional adherence on nonviolence . Farmer also helped to kill the issue by carefully distinguishing between nonviolent direct action in demonstrations and the constitutional right to self-defense.84 Still, CORE's Northeast Region resolved that "CORE accepts the concept of self-defense by the Deacons, and believes that the use of guns by CORE workers on a southern project is a personal decision, with the approval of that project's and the Regional directors."~ Strikingly self-aware, Charles Sims and the Deacons were acutely conscious of their role in history. Sims felt that standing up to white supremacists by defending their homes and by participating in rallies signalled the birth of "a brand new Negro." He explained, "We told [the southern white man] that a brand new Negro was born . The one he'd been pushin' around, he didn't exist anymore . . . We definitely couldn't swim, and we was as close to the river as we could get so there was but one way to go."~ As part of a concerted, organized effort on the part of local blacks to challenge Klan ascendancy, the Deacons helped to flush out white resistance to civil rights reform . Symbolic of the mounting frustration and increasing militancy of blacks in America in the mid-1960s, the Deacons spearheaded the search for alternative methods of struggle in the August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, CORE: A Studv in the Civil Rights Movement. 1942-1968 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 402 . Resolutions for the Resolution Committee of the National Convention of CORE, July 1 to July 4, from the Northeast Region, Papers of the Congress of Racial Equality (microfilm), Reel 9, Doe Library, UC Berkeley. "Grant, Black Protest, 359, 362 . 14 6
quest for black equality, and changed the role of self-defense within Afro-American history . As mean : supplanted end, what had begun as a complement to civil rights protest had become a vehicle of c+eform itself.
- Page 117 and 118: "You can't take a black man who is
- Page 119 and 120: attacked . Now, fve never been the
- Page 121 and 122: have, he wondered, to stop the loca
- Page 123 and 124: precluded him from being involved.
- Page 125 and 126: Malcolm "proved" his detractors to
- Page 127 and 128: Malcolm reveled in ambivalence, and
- Page 129 and 130: While his views on integration, whi
- Page 131 and 132: He summed up his speoch by doclarin
- Page 133 and 134: journalist, labeled them "the South
- Page 135 and 136: shifted from Jonesbom to 8ogalusa,
- Page 137 and 138: cost. The struggle for black equali
- Page 139 and 140: point, the Deacons had ban quietly
- Page 141 and 142: Under the aegis of their charter an
- Page 143 and 144: them ; they were attuned to the law
- Page 145 and 146: the head, causing a gash . Leneva T
- Page 147 and 148: One thing is apparent in this year
- Page 149 and 150: mistake" ; the presence of the Deac
- Page 151 and 152: done:' Sims said, "we walked like m
- Page 153 and 154: he waa killedj, but I believe he wa
- Page 155 and 156: Events picked up across the border
- Page 157 and 158: they were bound to precipitate a ca
- Page 159 and 160: goals of the movement. A year later
- Page 161 and 162: Sellers noted that while King was f
- Page 163 and 164: things," he said. "Everybody want t
- Page 165 and 166: the group . For example, an intervi
- Page 167: "Understand, the Deacons don't repl
- Page 171 and 172: self-defense denotation from the of
- Page 173 and 174: Lowndes County lies in the heart of
- Page 175 and 176: "take over the courthouse" with sub
- Page 177 and 178: On Monday, November 7,1966, the nig
- Page 179 and 180: do anything violent ."~s But as the
- Page 181 and 182: To Carmichael, the Deacons for Defe
- Page 183 and 184: their perception in the media, and
- Page 185 and 186: considered the Panthers "a living t
- Page 187 and 188: legislator from Piedmont, specifica
- Page 189 and 190: Seale, the police were the enforcem
- Page 191 and 192: They also displayed a propensity to
- Page 193 and 194: Newton viewed violence as not simpl
- Page 195 and 196: Williams, a Panther. "We'd read Nat
- Page 197 and 198: Newton, Seale, and Cleaver had all
- Page 199 and 200: Simultaneously, they shouldered the
- Page 201 and 202: The Deacons for Defense and Justice
- Page 203 and 204: "The army turned on itself . . . Th
- Page 205 and 206: defense. He believed that no ruling
- Page 207 and 208: formulating their own . Coincidenta
- Page 209 and 210: exposed the actions of some policem
- Page 211 and 212: think in terms of armed conflict."~
- Page 213 and 214: and his band waylaid the Cleveland
- Page 215 and 216: Epilog : TIK Only Tis+sd T1Ky Was "
- Page 217 and 218: action did so through a redefinitio
quest for black equality, <strong>and</strong> changed the role of self-defense within Afro-American<br />
history . As mean : supplanted end, what had begun as a complement to civil rights protest<br />
had become a vehicle of c+eform itself.
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