3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives
3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives 3. Strain, Christopher Barry. “Civil Rights and ... - Freedom Archives
snakes" ; in fact, he suggested, "the whole world would honor you or honor anyone who did what the federal government refused to do . . ."so It was these oblique suggestions at which Malcolm excelled . In this same speech, Malcolm suggested how white liberals, eager to prove their commitment to the cause, could help out . "When they tell me that they're liberal, I tell them, `Gr+eat, go get me one of those snake heads ."'s ~ He believed that many white college students were sincere in their desire to help blacks, but he felt that "encouraging our people to be nonviolent" was misguided . He induced liberals to ~, not talk : I'm telling you how to do it : You're a liberal ; get you a shat . And get you something up under that sheet that you know how to use, and walk right on in that camp of sheeted people with the rest of them . And show how liberal you arc . I'll come back and shake your hand all day Iong. s2 If a white person were sincere in his commitment to aiding blacks, let him infiltrate a Ku Klux Klan meeting with a gun and start bring. Dressed as a Klansman, with a weapon secreted under his robes, a white person could do much to further the cause . Actions, after all, spoke louder than words. s3 s3He presented a similar scenario to Robert Penn Warren in 1965, saying : "If I see a white man who was willing to go to jail or throw himself in front of a car in behalf of the so-called Negro cause, the test that I would put to him, I'd ask him, `Do you think Negroes--when Negroes arc being attacked--should defend themselves even at the risk of having to kill the one who's attacking them?' If that white man told me, yes, I'd shake his hand." Malcolm X, quoted in Robert Penn Warren, Who Sneaks for the Negro? (New York : Random House, 1965), 258 . 106
While his views on integration, whites, and other issues evolved and changed over time, his opinions regarding self-defense remained static : they were a mainstay of his political theory and rhetoric . So intractable was his commitment to self-defense that he embossed it on the membership card of the Organization of Afro-American Unity. The single declaration of purpose on the card did not mention justice or Pan-African solidarity . It simply read, "We assert and affirm the right of self-defense, which is one of the most basic human rights known to mankind." s4 At no time after his conversion to Islam, until the days immediately before his death, did Malcolm carry a weapon of any sort ; even then, he canied a non-lethal teargas pen. While he did possess a rifle and pistol for home defense,ss the famous photograph of Malcolm peering out from behind a drawn curtain with a rifle in his hand is somewhat misleading. Different sources have heralded the photo, taken by Don Charles, as an example of the man's hatred and connivance to bring war to society . More accurately, it was a staged demonstration of his commitment to self-defense . On December 16, 1964, Alan Dershowitz introduced the featured guest speaker at the Harvard Law School Forum. The speaker, who had recently become the second most popular lecturer on college campuses (behind Presidential hopeful, Bany Goldwater), strode to the ~Goldman, The Death and Life of Malcolm X, 187 . ss Clarke, ed., Malcolm X: The Man and His Times, 90. Peter Goldman has surmised that Malcolm posed for this photo "precisely for melodramatic effort, as a deterrent to his enemies:' Goldman, The Death and Life of ~J,pl ~, 155 . 107
- Page 77 and 78: Brown ." sa That same month, Willia
- Page 79 and 80: pumping hundrr~ds of thousands of d
- Page 81 and 82: making better men either of themsel
- Page 83 and 84: He likened racism to a disease, a m
- Page 85 and 86: escalated . Rioting broke out. Then
- Page 87 and 88: Williams' ideas came to fruition in
- Page 89 and 90: When juxtaposed with the ideas of M
- Page 91 and 92: But if Willisms "made just as much
- Page 93 and 94: Whatever his place in prevailing hi
- Page 95 and 96: thinking merit special attention by
- Page 97 and 98: The women propared food, and served
- Page 99 and 100: candidate for county representative
- Page 101 and 102: tide of nonviolent diroct action ;
- Page 103 and 104: the sheriff again and told him that
- Page 105 and 106: characterized by hatred or meanness
- Page 107 and 108: terms of "`violence' versus `nonvio
- Page 109 and 110: than as separate entities, seenKd q
- Page 111 and 112: The best descriptor of Malcolm X wa
- Page 113 and 114: qualities in themselves. Finally, a
- Page 115 and 116: someone is treating you in a crimin
- Page 117 and 118: "You can't take a black man who is
- Page 119 and 120: attacked . Now, fve never been the
- Page 121 and 122: have, he wondered, to stop the loca
- Page 123 and 124: precluded him from being involved.
- Page 125 and 126: Malcolm "proved" his detractors to
- Page 127: Malcolm reveled in ambivalence, and
- Page 131 and 132: He summed up his speoch by doclarin
- Page 133 and 134: journalist, labeled them "the South
- Page 135 and 136: shifted from Jonesbom to 8ogalusa,
- Page 137 and 138: cost. The struggle for black equali
- Page 139 and 140: point, the Deacons had ban quietly
- Page 141 and 142: Under the aegis of their charter an
- Page 143 and 144: them ; they were attuned to the law
- Page 145 and 146: the head, causing a gash . Leneva T
- Page 147 and 148: One thing is apparent in this year
- Page 149 and 150: mistake" ; the presence of the Deac
- Page 151 and 152: done:' Sims said, "we walked like m
- Page 153 and 154: he waa killedj, but I believe he wa
- Page 155 and 156: Events picked up across the border
- Page 157 and 158: they were bound to precipitate a ca
- Page 159 and 160: goals of the movement. A year later
- Page 161 and 162: Sellers noted that while King was f
- Page 163 and 164: things," he said. "Everybody want t
- Page 165 and 166: the group . For example, an intervi
- Page 167 and 168: "Understand, the Deacons don't repl
- Page 169 and 170: quest for black equality, and chang
- Page 171 and 172: self-defense denotation from the of
- Page 173 and 174: Lowndes County lies in the heart of
- Page 175 and 176: "take over the courthouse" with sub
- Page 177 and 178: On Monday, November 7,1966, the nig
snakes" ; in fact, he suggested, "the whole world would honor you or honor anyone who did<br />
what the federal government refused to do . . ."so It was these oblique suggestions at which<br />
Malcolm excelled .<br />
In this same speech, Malcolm suggested how white liberals, eager to prove their<br />
commitment to the cause, could help out . "When they tell me that they're liberal, I tell them,<br />
`Gr+eat, go get me one of those snake heads ."'s ~ He believed that many white college students<br />
were sincere in their desire to help blacks, but he felt that "encouraging our people to be<br />
nonviolent" was misguided . He induced liberals to ~, not talk :<br />
I'm telling you how to do it : You're a liberal ; get you a shat . And get you something<br />
up under that sheet that you know how to use, <strong>and</strong> walk right on in that camp of<br />
sheeted people with the rest of them . And show how liberal you arc . I'll come back<br />
<strong>and</strong> shake your h<strong>and</strong> all day Iong. s2<br />
If a white person were sincere in his commitment to aiding blacks, let him infiltrate a Ku<br />
Klux Klan meeting with a gun <strong>and</strong> start bring. Dressed as a Klansman, with a weapon<br />
secreted under his robes, a white person could do much to further the cause . Actions, after<br />
all, spoke louder than words. s3<br />
s3He presented a similar scenario to Robert Penn Warren in 1965, saying : "If I see a white<br />
man who was willing to go to jail or throw himself in front of a car in behalf of the so-called<br />
Negro cause, the test that I would put to him, I'd ask him, `Do you think Negroes--when<br />
Negroes arc being attacked--should defend themselves even at the risk of having to kill the<br />
one who's attacking them?' If that white man told me, yes, I'd shake his h<strong>and</strong>." Malcolm X,<br />
quoted in Robert Penn Warren, Who Sneaks for the Negro? (New York : R<strong>and</strong>om House,<br />
1965), 258 .<br />
106