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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW-INCOME BLACKS (L .I .B .), MIDDLE-INCOME BLACKS (M .I .B .), AND MIDDLE-INCOME WHITES (M .I.W .), IN CLEVELAND, 1960 and 1965 . Fertility Ratio Children under 18 living with both parents (%) Median years of completed school, Persons 25 and over Unemployment Rate : Males Females Number of Families by Inco :~e- Under 53,999 54,000-57,999 58,000-514,999 515,000 and over TOTAL Median Family Income (S) L.LB . M.LB . M.LW . L .LB . M.LB . M .LW. 570 486 429 ~iegOry (%) 40.8 26 .7 17 .4 44 .6 48 .4 50 .3 13 .7 22 .6 29 .0 1 .0 _2 .3 _3 .3 100 .0 100 .0 100 .0 51,367 5,072 131,436 SOURCE : U .S . Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No . 27, January 23, 1967 ',v'' ~'~. , ~'- 62 .1 78.4 89 .8 10 .0 11 .6 (NA) 1 1 .2 8 .1 3.8 14 .5 3 .8 5.9 39 .8 19 .0 16.1 38 .6 38 .6 38 .3 19 .8 40 .1 39 .7 1 .7 2 .3 5 .8 100 .0 100.0 100 .0
income blacks and better for the middle-income blacks . While both groups improved in their educational levels, the middle-income blacks improved so much more rapidly that by 1965 they had over one and a half years more 'of compl-eted education than did low-income blacks . The unemployment picture in 1965 was most interesting, for the relationship of the males to each other did not change even though the general rates were lower for both groups . The low-income black women had a higher level of unemployment in 1965 while the unemployment rate for middle-income black women plummeted to below 4 percent . The effect of these diverging trends in female employrnent is seen in the income data . In the lowest income category there has been virtually no change for low-income blacks and a dramatic improvement for middle-income blacks . While both groups saw improvements in the upper income categories, there were twice as many middle-income black families making from eight to $15,000 per year as there were low-income blacks . Consequently, the poor black families had a median income only 78 percent as high as that of their more prosperous brothers, a decline from the 1960-situation . In 1960, the median income for middle-income black families was $836 more than it was for lowincome black families, and by 1965 it was $1,562 more. The evidence NEGRO DIGEST 'Mach Y9L8 sugg.^sts that not only were m :ddleincome black people in Cleveland better off than low-income black people in 1965, in the period since 1960 the middle-income blacks were moving further away from low-income blacks in terms of family organization, education, employment, and income . The black population in one of America's major cities is moving in two different directions, it appears . Given the comparative standing of middle- and low-income black families to each other in Cleveland in 1960 and 1965, how do the middle-income black families compare to the white families who live in the same area as they do? Here we are unable to obtain all the data necessary for comparison like that above, and the available data are not as satisfactory as we would wish, for there were significant changes in the number of black and white families in the area under consideration . While the number of black families living outside of the black community doubled in the five year period (an increase of 100 percent), the number of white families declined by 10 percent, apparently as whites moved further away from middle-income black families. In 1960, black families in middle-income areas of Cleveland had a much higher level of fertility than 8 9
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1YIARCH tliBB A JOtiNSaN rl7"LICATI
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CONTENTS The Blacli University The
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Kwame Nkrumah compares the colonial
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deficiency is not sa much a shortco
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are we here? We were sent here to l
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acial group with rites and loyaltie
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might well be that, to meet the nee
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A distinguished young educator from
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come to accept the judgment . Conse
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ditional knowledge required for the
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Faculty, Curriculum, Research . . .
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passive role and assumed that the e
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ante is formidable is obvious to an
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Social Change in the Sixties THE BL
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trends in the black community to sh
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ployment rate for black youth betwe
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For Our People - Everywhere "By far
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analogues for possible study . ) We
Page 37 and 38: World publication of the Caribbean,
Page 39 and 40: NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 39
Page 41 and 42: NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 4 1
Page 43 and 44: make Howard "sixty per cent white"
Page 45 and 46: Simultaneously there arose a hybrid
Page 47 and 48: NEGRO DIGEST March 1968 In the days
Page 49 and 50: A Call To Concerned Black Educators
Page 51 and 52: BOOK "Great Literature i.s simply l
Page 53 and 54: the members of Miss Brooks' worksho
Page 55 and 56: BY CHRISTINE REAMS ' . . . Ifo .sat
Page 57 and 58: as Mike and Jim dashed down the ste
Page 59 and 60: "Oh, my hair i~ so curly, so curly
Page 61 and 62: one of them a good whipping, no mat
Page 63 and 64: a while . I didn't know what she me
Page 65 and 66: Since sufficient teachers cannot be
Page 67 and 68: NEW PROGRAMS AND EXPERIMENTATION Th
Page 69 and 70: TRUSTEES If I seem indifferent to t
Page 71 and 72: years when '`Christian character an
Page 73 and 74: leaders and professors posing as mi
Page 75 and 76: out of "The Punch Out" and other st
Page 77 and 78: penniless writer, he travels the ga
Page 79 and 80: No doubt about it, Mr . Williams ca
Page 81 and 82: esearch crying for the kind of clar
Page 83 and 84: lightly as Western intellectual imp
Page 85 and 86: as a white man with a similar educa
Page 87: lacks are better off, but we must a
Page 91 and 92: compared to white men had not impro
Page 93 and 94: "iON ONYE LOCKARD is a selftaught a
Page 95 and 96: Plea ForA Second Chance : Work-worn
Page 97 and 98: That something is gravely wrong wit
Page 99 and 100: THE DUKE NATURAL SET MAlR SHEEN lea
Page 101 and 102: Edgar F . Beck Vincent Hard min E .
Page 103 and 104: C®i'y~'>~' i'tw'~'~ Editor's Notes
Page 105 and 106: An Open Letter to Black Students in
Page 107 and 108: mentarily bolstered (or our minds m
Page 109 and 110: plications of such attitudes as you
Page 111 and 112: 7 . Have you given serious thought
Page 113 and 114: of white institutions that there si
Page 115 and 116: Platform and Program S HL "Today we
Page 117 and 118: ism, and we are becoming aware that
Page 119 and 120: New agencies for Black education (A
Page 121 and 122: ment of a plan to hire 200 Black pr
Page 123 and 124: people in their struggle toward a c
Page 125 and 126: else suggests that the group is bac
Page 127 and 128: e established far Black students th
Page 129 and 130: A Dual Responsibility The White Uni
Page 131 and 132: a situation in a different manner w
Page 133 and 134: Black Perspective A cU~TU~~L, ~~~I~
Page 135 and 136: life-style, yet they persist in the
Page 137 and 138: plex (a viable institution in that
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The Positiveness of Separation BL~C
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white students are, except that wha
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did) to thesis students who then gr
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Roach, Harold Cruse, Rhody Mc- Coy,
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conferees attempted to eject white
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~. iii1~i-i Black Life, White "Expe
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BOOKS Black Writing : this is u, th
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Grow old? Maan! I ain't never Gonna
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answering ; "Monday. That is if tha
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at a time when the ratio of Negro d
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A Special Experience xox .a~, xi .:
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to comment that I was a typical cre
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students said, "Didn't Malcolm prea
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What I did object to was the effort
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with American education, period. Ho
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President Emeritus, Morehouse Colle
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them, there just aren't enough blac
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I cannot see the sponsorship for su
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economic changes now occurring with
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aising a question regarding in exac
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to say that "yet an irreverent revi
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Fire ; steal it, borrow it or wait
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lures and yet, in a most interestin
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and what is the right procedure for
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mentioned earlier, the whole black
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(C) Consistency of Thought and Acti
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J. .JICLCfj ._Jd .L'~ .FU~~e ; one
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must carry a greater sexual burden
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C.~e~or 3 l /ot~e3-- (Continued fro
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and that prepares them to deal effe
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THE DUKE NATURAL S ET EASY COMB let
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BLACK HISTORY BLACK POWER U .S .A .
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~re~atorc~ ~o~e~- THE BLACK UNIVERS
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"1lTew Creation or Familiar Deatla"
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contradictions they entail . Furthe
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As northern universities continue t
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Response to Vincent Harding 12 BY R
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was then running for the state asse
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e done without some base of support
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amount of emphasis-both in Bro . Mo
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m~,irofir_- ~r- ir;r_ rr_~,~r; v;~~
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Institute of the Black World : Basi
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In Chicago, movement toward the Bla
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olled . At this time, over 400 stud
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stand and serve as a bulwark, or re
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Educating For Liberation and Humani
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travel to the moon a routine miracl
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Step 2-A deliberate effort is made
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curriculum and philosophy, is in a
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38 Charlie Cobb, one of the key org
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Initial organizing efforts proved q
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1 . Independent African Civilizatio
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fl Position Paper CENTER FOR BLACK
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standards and values that commit ou
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"Ah thought he could be grateful fo
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Gray Ward . . . Historian Benjamin
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liberation struggle against Europea
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his reputation tramped in front of
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"Naw, the cash draw wuz clean, but
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screen out those professors, white
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elative to other areas in Californi
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power to purge when necessary . Qui
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all of those persons who are not on
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Broken down, here is how I see this
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,~ ~ ~z~srlvr~ ¢e° (Continued fro
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tion. (This would not exempt the ex
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~omrrcurtiverdiEc~- (Continued from
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Each community will select/elect a
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ing the amount of ivory tower energ
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Before this issue can be systematic
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of a positive identity with whom th
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This paradigm was to provide the fo
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lion statements and social studies
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s Wilcox, Preston . The Black Unive
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An Assessment ~la~k t~ ~~ ~ ~ i~ ~u
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and compartmentalization . We canno
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lishment. Drum and Spear Press is a
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~erepecEive~- On writers and writin
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will make available $100 cash prize
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But times and the world have change
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Mod, Modish and Militant Keeling on
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