XXth century_physics
XXth century_physics XXth century_physics
”It is well known that the formal rules which are used in quantum theory for calculating observable quantities (such as the energy of the hydrogen atom) may be seriously criticized on the grounds that they contain, as an essential element, relationships between quantities that are apparently unobservable in principle (such as position, period of revolution of the electron etc.); that these rules lack an evident physical foundation, unless one still retains the hope that the hitherto unobservable quantities may perhaps later become accesible to experimental determination...” ”...Instead it seems more reasonable to try to establish a theoretical quantum mechanics, analogous to classical mechanics, but in which only relations between observable quantities occur.” Werner Heisenberg, Z.Phys. 33, 879 (1925)
The birth of wave mechanics Ann. d. Physik 79, 301 (1926) Erwin Schrödinger
- Page 24 and 25: In the ”plum-pudding” model of
- Page 26 and 27: "Consider an atom which contains a
- Page 28 and 29: ”...considering the enormous vari
- Page 30 and 31: ”The wavelengths of the first fou
- Page 32 and 33: Spectral lines were seen as manifes
- Page 34 and 35: In the Bohr’s model spectral line
- Page 36 and 37: Bohr found excellent description of
- Page 38 and 39: Periodic system of elements accordi
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- Page 42 and 43: Intra-atomic Charge ”Now, accordi
- Page 44 and 45: H. G. J. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 10
- Page 46 and 47: ”We have here a proof that there
- Page 48 and 49: James Franck Gustav Hertz Franck-He
- Page 50 and 51: James Franck Gustav Hertz ”...it
- Page 52 and 53: Wojciech (Adalbert) Rubinowicz (188
- Page 54 and 55: Solvay Conference 1921
- Page 56 and 57: Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962) Co
- Page 58 and 59: Compton’s data [(Phys. Rev.19, 26
- Page 60 and 61: Compton effect
- Page 62 and 63: The crisis of the quantum theory
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- Page 66 and 67: Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer
- Page 68 and 69: George P. Thomson Electron diffract
- Page 70 and 71: Important dates in the development
- Page 72 and 73: Heisenberg to Pauli (July 9, 1925)
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- Page 78 and 79: The uncertainty principle
- Page 80 and 81: ”I used to take long walks on Sun
- Page 82 and 83: ”The fact that the variables used
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- Page 86 and 87: "It thus appears that we must aband
- Page 88: Solvay Conference 1930
”It is well known that the formal rules which are used in<br />
quantum theory for calculating observable quantities (such as<br />
the energy of the hydrogen atom) may be seriously criticized<br />
on the grounds that they contain, as an essential element,<br />
relationships between quantities that are apparently<br />
unobservable in principle (such as position, period of<br />
revolution of the electron etc.); that these rules lack an evident<br />
physical foundation, unless one still retains the hope that the<br />
hitherto unobservable quantities may perhaps later become<br />
accesible to experimental determination...”<br />
”...Instead it seems more reasonable to try to establish<br />
a theoretical quantum mechanics, analogous to classical<br />
mechanics, but in which only relations between observable<br />
quantities occur.”<br />
Werner Heisenberg, Z.Phys. 33, 879 (1925)
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