XXth century_physics

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The crisis of the quantum theory ”The hypothesis of light quanta...is not able to throw light on the nature of radiation." Bohr, Nobel lecture (1922) ”A general description of phenomena, in which the laws of the conservation of energy and momentum retain in detail their validity in their classical formulation, cannot be carried through... the conservation of energy, as defined by means of classical conceptions, seems at once to be excluded." Bohr (1923)
The crisis of the quantum theory ”We abandon any attempt at a casual connexion between the transition in distant atoms, and especially a direct application of the principles of conservation of energy and momentum, so characteristic of classical theories... Not only conservation of energy... but also conservation of momentum [reduce to] a statistical law." Bohr, Kramers, and Slater (1924) In 1925 counter (coincidence) experiments (Bothe and Geiger) and photographs from Wilson’s chamber (Compton and Simon) confirmed the validity of the conservation of energy and momentum in individual interactions. ”There is nothing else to do than to give our revolutionary efforts as honorable funeral as possible” (Bohr, 1925)
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Physics of the XX th century Part 1
Page 3 and 4:
Physics of the atom and the path to
Page 5 and 6:
Hantaro Nagaoka Nagaoka's atomic mo
Page 7 and 8:
Robert Millikan (1868-1953 (1868 19
Page 9 and 10:
Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) d
Page 11 and 12: John William Nicholson (1911): atom
Page 13 and 14: Accelerated electric charge radiate
Page 15 and 16: Attenuation of radiation for rings
Page 17 and 18: Solvay Conference 1913
Page 19 and 20: H. Geiger - On the Scattering of th
Page 21: Proc. Roy. Soc. 82, 495 (1909)
Page 24 and 25: In the ”plum-pudding” model of
Page 26 and 27: "Consider an atom which contains a
Page 28 and 29: ”...considering the enormous vari
Page 30 and 31: ”The wavelengths of the first fou
Page 32 and 33: Spectral lines were seen as manifes
Page 34 and 35: In the Bohr’s model spectral line
Page 36 and 37: Bohr found excellent description of
Page 38 and 39: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 40 and 41: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 42 and 43: Intra-atomic Charge ”Now, accordi
Page 44 and 45: H. G. J. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 10
Page 46 and 47: ”We have here a proof that there
Page 48 and 49: James Franck Gustav Hertz Franck-He
Page 50 and 51: James Franck Gustav Hertz ”...it
Page 52 and 53: Wojciech (Adalbert) Rubinowicz (188
Page 54 and 55: Solvay Conference 1921
Page 56 and 57: Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962) Co
Page 58 and 59: Compton’s data [(Phys. Rev.19, 26
Page 60 and 61: Compton effect
Page 64 and 65: Louis de Broglie
Page 66 and 67: Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer
Page 68 and 69: George P. Thomson Electron diffract
Page 70 and 71: Important dates in the development
Page 72 and 73: Heisenberg to Pauli (July 9, 1925)
Page 74 and 75: ”It is well known that the formal
Page 76 and 77: ”In this communication I wish fir
Page 78 and 79: The uncertainty principle
Page 80 and 81: ”I used to take long walks on Sun
Page 82 and 83: ”The fact that the variables used
Page 84 and 85: ”A recent paper by the author may
Page 86 and 87: "It thus appears that we must aband
Page 88: Solvay Conference 1930
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