XXth century_physics

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James Franck Gustav Hertz Franck-Hertz experiment ”The apparatus used in this investigation and in the final measurement of the ionization potential is shown in Figure 1. D is a platinum wire with a thin central section which could be brought to incandescence by a current. N is a fine cylindrical platinum wire mesh with a 4-cm radius surrounding D, and G is a cylindrical platinum foil, which is separated from N by 1 to 2 mm. G was grounded through a galvanometer. Rings of platinum foil were embedded in the glass covering to prevent any current from flowing to the galvanometer from parts of the wire carrying the voltage. Besides glass and platinum, the apparatus contained no fixed parts. All leads were fused into the glass. ...It was found that the electrons are reflected without energy loss from the mercury atoms as long as their velocities correspond to a drop through less than 5 volts...” Collisions between electrons and mercury vapor molecules and the ionization potential of such molecules, Verhand. Deutsch. Physik. Ges., 16, 457 (1914)
Franck-Hertz experiment Results for mercury Results for helium ”The values for the spacings between any two successive maxima all lie between 4.8 i 5.0 volts, so that we may take 4.9 volts as the ionization potential of mercury vapor...”
Page 1 and 2: Physics of the XX th century Part 1
Page 3 and 4: Physics of the atom and the path to
Page 5 and 6: Hantaro Nagaoka Nagaoka's atomic mo
Page 7 and 8: Robert Millikan (1868-1953 (1868 19
Page 9 and 10: Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) d
Page 11 and 12: John William Nicholson (1911): atom
Page 13 and 14: Accelerated electric charge radiate
Page 15 and 16: Attenuation of radiation for rings
Page 17 and 18: Solvay Conference 1913
Page 19 and 20: H. Geiger - On the Scattering of th
Page 21: Proc. Roy. Soc. 82, 495 (1909)
Page 24 and 25: In the ”plum-pudding” model of
Page 26 and 27: "Consider an atom which contains a
Page 28 and 29: ”...considering the enormous vari
Page 30 and 31: ”The wavelengths of the first fou
Page 32 and 33: Spectral lines were seen as manifes
Page 34 and 35: In the Bohr’s model spectral line
Page 36 and 37: Bohr found excellent description of
Page 38 and 39: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 40 and 41: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 42 and 43: Intra-atomic Charge ”Now, accordi
Page 44 and 45: H. G. J. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 10
Page 46 and 47: ”We have here a proof that there
Page 50 and 51: James Franck Gustav Hertz ”...it
Page 52 and 53: Wojciech (Adalbert) Rubinowicz (188
Page 54 and 55: Solvay Conference 1921
Page 56 and 57: Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962) Co
Page 58 and 59: Compton’s data [(Phys. Rev.19, 26
Page 60 and 61: Compton effect
Page 62 and 63: The crisis of the quantum theory
Page 64 and 65: Louis de Broglie
Page 66 and 67: Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer
Page 68 and 69: George P. Thomson Electron diffract
Page 70 and 71: Important dates in the development
Page 72 and 73: Heisenberg to Pauli (July 9, 1925)
Page 74 and 75: ”It is well known that the formal
Page 76 and 77: ”In this communication I wish fir
Page 78 and 79: The uncertainty principle
Page 80 and 81: ”I used to take long walks on Sun
Page 82 and 83: ”The fact that the variables used
Page 84 and 85: ”A recent paper by the author may
Page 86 and 87: "It thus appears that we must aband
Page 88: Solvay Conference 1930

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