XXth century_physics

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”...considering the enormous variation in the numbers of scattered particles, from 1 to 250000, the deviations from constancy of the ratio are probably well within the experimental error. The experiments, therefore, prove that the number of α particles scattered in a definite direction varies as cosec 4 φ/2.” H. Geiger and E. Marsden, Phil. Mag. 25, 604 (1913)
The idea of the central atomic charge was proposed by Rutherford in the paper ”The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom”, Phil. Mag. 21, 669-688 (May 1911). His aim was to explain the results obtained by Geiger and Marsden [Proc. Roy. Soc. 132, 495 (1909)]. The word ‘nucleus’ was first used by John Nicholson [Phil. Mag. 22, 864 (1911)] Rutherford’s theory explained the scattering of α particles and hardly anything else, therefore it did not arouse much interest. • First Solvay Conference on Physics (October 30 - November 3, 1911) - not mentioned at all • Second Solvay Conference on Physics (October 27- 31, 1913) - mentioned only by Rutherford in a discussion after J. J. Thomson’s talk • Not mentioned in Campbell’s Modern Electrical Theory (1913), Richardson’s The Electron Theory of Matter (1914); only shortly mentioned by Rutherford in his Radioactive substances and their radiations (1913)
Page 1 and 2: Physics of the XX th century Part 1
Page 3 and 4: Physics of the atom and the path to
Page 5 and 6: Hantaro Nagaoka Nagaoka's atomic mo
Page 7 and 8: Robert Millikan (1868-1953 (1868 19
Page 9 and 10: Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) d
Page 11 and 12: John William Nicholson (1911): atom
Page 13 and 14: Accelerated electric charge radiate
Page 15 and 16: Attenuation of radiation for rings
Page 17 and 18: Solvay Conference 1913
Page 19 and 20: H. Geiger - On the Scattering of th
Page 21: Proc. Roy. Soc. 82, 495 (1909)
Page 24 and 25: In the ”plum-pudding” model of
Page 26 and 27: "Consider an atom which contains a
Page 30 and 31: ”The wavelengths of the first fou
Page 32 and 33: Spectral lines were seen as manifes
Page 34 and 35: In the Bohr’s model spectral line
Page 36 and 37: Bohr found excellent description of
Page 38 and 39: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 40 and 41: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 42 and 43: Intra-atomic Charge ”Now, accordi
Page 44 and 45: H. G. J. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 10
Page 46 and 47: ”We have here a proof that there
Page 48 and 49: James Franck Gustav Hertz Franck-He
Page 50 and 51: James Franck Gustav Hertz ”...it
Page 52 and 53: Wojciech (Adalbert) Rubinowicz (188
Page 54 and 55: Solvay Conference 1921
Page 56 and 57: Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962) Co
Page 58 and 59: Compton’s data [(Phys. Rev.19, 26
Page 60 and 61: Compton effect
Page 62 and 63: The crisis of the quantum theory
Page 64 and 65: Louis de Broglie
Page 66 and 67: Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer
Page 68 and 69: George P. Thomson Electron diffract
Page 70 and 71: Important dates in the development
Page 72 and 73: Heisenberg to Pauli (July 9, 1925)
Page 74 and 75: ”It is well known that the formal
Page 76 and 77: ”In this communication I wish fir
Page 78 and 79:
The uncertainty principle
Page 80 and 81:
”I used to take long walks on Sun
Page 82 and 83:
”The fact that the variables used
Page 84 and 85:
”A recent paper by the author may
Page 86 and 87:
"It thus appears that we must aband
Page 88:
Solvay Conference 1930
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XXth century_physics

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