XXth century_physics

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By complicated reasoning Nicholson concluded that in all primary atoms the angular momentum assumed values which were integral multiples of h/2π. For protofluorine the ratio of the potential energy of the electron ring to the rotational frequency ν (5m e a 2 2πν 2) /ν equals numerically ≈ 25 h, and this ratio corresponded to 2π times the value of the angular momentum of the electron ring. ”If, therefore, the constant h of Planck has, as Sommerfeld has suggested, an atomic significance, it may mean that the angular momentum of an atom can only rise or fall by discrete amounts when electrons leave or return. It is readily seen that this view presents less difficulty to the mind than the more usual interpretation, which is believed to involve an atomic constitution of the energy itself.” Nicholson (1912)
Accelerated electric charge radiates energy, hence atoms lose energy and cannot be stable
Page 1 and 2: Physics of the XX th century Part 1
Page 3 and 4: Physics of the atom and the path to
Page 5 and 6: Hantaro Nagaoka Nagaoka's atomic mo
Page 7 and 8: Robert Millikan (1868-1953 (1868 19
Page 9 and 10: Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) d
Page 11: John William Nicholson (1911): atom
Page 15 and 16: Attenuation of radiation for rings
Page 17 and 18: Solvay Conference 1913
Page 19 and 20: H. Geiger - On the Scattering of th
Page 21: Proc. Roy. Soc. 82, 495 (1909)
Page 24 and 25: In the ”plum-pudding” model of
Page 26 and 27: "Consider an atom which contains a
Page 28 and 29: ”...considering the enormous vari
Page 30 and 31: ”The wavelengths of the first fou
Page 32 and 33: Spectral lines were seen as manifes
Page 34 and 35: In the Bohr’s model spectral line
Page 36 and 37: Bohr found excellent description of
Page 38 and 39: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 40 and 41: Periodic system of elements accordi
Page 42 and 43: Intra-atomic Charge ”Now, accordi
Page 44 and 45: H. G. J. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 10
Page 46 and 47: ”We have here a proof that there
Page 48 and 49: James Franck Gustav Hertz Franck-He
Page 50 and 51: James Franck Gustav Hertz ”...it
Page 52 and 53: Wojciech (Adalbert) Rubinowicz (188
Page 54 and 55: Solvay Conference 1921
Page 56 and 57: Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962) Co
Page 58 and 59: Compton’s data [(Phys. Rev.19, 26
Page 60 and 61: Compton effect
Page 62 and 63:
The crisis of the quantum theory
Page 64 and 65:
Louis de Broglie
Page 66 and 67:
Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer
Page 68 and 69:
George P. Thomson Electron diffract
Page 70 and 71:
Important dates in the development
Page 72 and 73:
Heisenberg to Pauli (July 9, 1925)
Page 74 and 75:
”It is well known that the formal
Page 76 and 77:
”In this communication I wish fir
Page 78 and 79:
The uncertainty principle
Page 80 and 81:
”I used to take long walks on Sun
Page 82 and 83:
”The fact that the variables used
Page 84 and 85:
”A recent paper by the author may
Page 86 and 87:
"It thus appears that we must aband
Page 88:
Solvay Conference 1930
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