Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Annual Review 2012

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AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity ZBD2007-01 Chatham-Challenger seabed habitats-post voyage analyses. This large project has been completed. Progress for each objective is as follows: 1. To count, measure, and identify to species level (where possible, otherwise to genus) all macro invertebrates (>2 mm) and fish collected during Oceans Survey 20/20 voyages. Completed (Figure 6, Bowden 2011). 2. To count, measure and identify to species-level (where possible, otherwise to genus or family) all meiofauna (>45μm to
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Survey 20/20 samples. Completed. (Bowden et al.in press, Bowden et al 2011b, Compton et al 2012). 15. To assess the extent to which the 2005 MEC and subsequent variants can provide costeffective, reliable means of assessing biodiversity at the scale of the Oceans 20/20 surveys. Completed. (Bowden et al. 2011b). 16. Collating all information and analysis from all objectives, devise a series of statistically supported recommendations for surveying marine biodiversity in the future. This should include, but may not be limited to, statistical analyses and modelling. Bowden and Hewitt 2011). ZBD2008-05 Macroalgal diversity associated with soft sediment habitats. Although macroalgae normally require hard substrata for attachment and occur less frequently in soft sediment environments they contribute to biodiversity in a range of soft sediment environments providing structural complexity, modifying flow and sediment regimes, and contributing to productivity. Soft sediment habitats where macroalgae are found are physically highly diverse, ranging from harbours and estuaries (with varying sediment types and sizes, freshwater influence, tidal flushing, current flows), to coarse stabilised sediments (shell fragments, cobbles, coarse gravels), and biogenic habitats such as worm tubes, horse mussel beds, brachiopod beds, mangrove forests, rhodolith (maerl) beds and seagrass meadows. The state of knowledge of macroalgal diversity, distribution and abundance is poor, and there are few examples of targeted collecting programmes for macroalgal assemblages, particularly in soft sediment habitats. This research conducted (a) a targeted collection programme across diverse soft sediment environments to develop a permanent reference collection of representative macroalgae, and (b) examined algal distribution in soft sediment habitats in relation to selected environmental variables. Macroalgal sampling trips to Kaipara (1), Whangarei (3) and Otago (4) Harbours were completed. Further sampling trips were planned for 2010, however, no further collections will be made in Kaipara Harbour. Approximately 2400 collections of algae were made from soft sediments in these harbours. In Whangarei and Otago Harbours, collections were made from a range of soft sediment habitats including mud, sand, shell gravel, sea grass, scallop, pipi and horse mussel beds. At each site algae were collected opportunistically, quantitatively (i.e. by quadrats), or by both methods. Standard ecological methods (e.g. species area curves, count frequencies) were used to assess the appropriateness of the methods. A database was developed for information about specimens and collection sites. Information was gathered on environmental variables within the target harbours. Identified algal distributions were analysed relative to these environmental variables. Collections were made from three harbours with the primary focus on Whangarei and Otago Harbours where seasonal sampling programmes were conducted in spring and in autumn. In the Kaipara Harbour sampling was conducted only in spring. Two hundred and forty four taxa sampled from intertidal and subtidal sites and a range of habitats: 146 (112 spring, 102 autumn) from Whangarei, 43 Kaipara, 150 (107 spring, 115 autumn) from Otago. Diversity indices indicate that the collecting was not saturated and predict that there is higher diversity of macroalgae in these harbours than found in the samples obtained. The flora composition in the harbours was found to differ markedly e.g., only 67 taxa (45%) of the Whangarei flora were found to be in common with Otago Harbour collections; 17 taxa (39% ) of the Kaipara flora was in common with the Otahgo flora, in common (39% of K found in O); 27 taxa (63%) of the Kaipara flora was also found in Whangarei.19 nonindigenous species were found in the harbours, including two new records for the New 254
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Aquatic Environment and Biodiversit
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AEBAR 2012 Acknowledgements In addi
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AEBAR 2012 Contents PREFACE .......
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Context and pu
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AEBAR 2012: Introduction Table 1.2:
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AEBAR 2012: Introduction • Impact
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AEBAR 2012: Research themes THEME R
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AEBAR 2012: Protected species: THEM
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AE&B Review: Protected species: Sea
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a b c d e f AEBAR 2012: Protected s
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4.6. References AEBAR 2012: Protect
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5.1. Context AEBAR 2012: Protected
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7.3.2. Distribution of Fishing AEBA
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Area (1000 sq.km) Area (1000 sq.km)
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7.3.5. Current research AEBAR 2012:
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7.5. References AEBAR 2012: Benthic
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ISBN: 978-0-478-40503-3 (print) ISB
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