Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Annual Review 2012

More documents

Recommendations

Info

AE&B Annual review: Ecosystem effects THEME 4: ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS 187
AEBAR 2012: Ecosystem effects: NZ regional climate and oceanic setting 8. New Zealand Climate and Oceanic Setting Scope of chapter Overview of primary productivity, oceanography, bentho-pelagic coupling and oceanic climate trends in the SW Pacific region. Area covered New Zealand regional setting Focal localities Pan New Zealand waters Key issues • Climate and oceanographic variability and change are of relevance to fisheries and the broader marine environment • Allows for improved understanding of the links between observed patterns and drivers of biological processes. Emerging issues • New Zealand’s oceanic climate is changing MPI Research (current) NZ Research (current) Links to Fisheries 2030 and MPI’s Our Strategy Related issues and/or Chapters • Causal mechanisms that link the dynamics of a variable marine environment to variation in biological productivity, particularly of fisheries, are not well understood in New Zealand. • Need for improved understanding of the linkages between the pelagic and benthic environment (i.e., bentho-pelagic coupling). • The cumulative effects of ocean climate change and other anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems (productivity, structure and function) are likely to be high. • Some long-term trends in the marine environment are available at a national scale but are not reported. Growing recognition that stressors will act individually & interactively, confounding prediction of net effects of climate change Projects include ZBD2005-05: Long-term effects of climate variation and human impacts on the structure and functioning of New Zealand shelf ecosystems; ZBD2008-11 Predicting plankton biodiversity & productivity with ocean acidification; ZBD2009-13. Ocean acidification impact on key NZ molluscs; ZBD2010-40. Marine Environmental Monitoring Programme; ZBD2010-41 Deepsea fisheries habitat and ocean acidification. NIWA Coast & Oceans Centre, Climate Centre; University of Otago-NIWA shelf carbonate geochemistry & bryozoans; Munida time-series transect; Geomarine Services-foraminiferal record of human impact; Regional Council monitoring programmes; Statistics New Zealand Environmental Domain review. Environmental Outcome Objective 1; environmental principles of Fisheries 2030; MPI’s “Our Strategy 2030”: two key stated focuses are to maximise export opportunities and improve sector productivity; increase sustainable resource use, and protect from biological risk. • Ocean related climate variability and change are predicted to have major implications for fishstock distributions and abundance, reproductive success, ecosystem goods and services, deepsea coral habitat and Habitats of Particular Significance to Fisheries Management, • A significant warming event occurred in the late 1990s • A regime shift to the negative phase of the IPO occurred in about 2000, 188
Page 1 and 2:
Aquatic Environment and Biodiversit
Page 3 and 4:
AEBAR 2012 Acknowledgements In addi
Page 5 and 6:
AEBAR 2012 Contents PREFACE .......
Page 7 and 8:
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Context and pu
Page 9 and 10:
AEBAR 2012: Introduction Table 1.2:
Page 11 and 12:
AEBAR 2012: Introduction • Impact
Page 13 and 14:
AEBAR 2012: Introduction coastal/co
Page 15 and 16:
AEBAR 2012: Research themes THEME R
Page 17 and 18:
AEBAR 2012: Protected species: THEM
Page 19 and 20:
AE&B Review: Protected species: Sea
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
AEBAR 2012: Protected species: Sea
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
AEBAR 2012: Protected species: Fur
Page 47 and 48:
4.2.2. Distribution AEBAR 2012: Pro
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
a b c d e f AEBAR 2012: Protected s
Page 59 and 60:
4.4.4. Sources of uncertainty AEBAR
Page 61 and 62:
4.6. References AEBAR 2012: Protect
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
5.1. Context AEBAR 2012: Protected
Page 67 and 68:
AEBAR 2012: Protected species: Seab
Page 69 and 70:
5.2. Biology AEBAR 2012: Protected
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
It included two goals that set the
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch F
Page 95 and 96:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch T
Page 97 and 98:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch t
Page 99 and 100:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch d
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch
Page 105 and 106:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch 5
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch m
Page 113 and 114:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch l
Page 115 and 116:
Trend in interactions contd. AEBAR
Page 117 and 118:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch B
Page 119 and 120:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch O
Page 121 and 122:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch T
Page 123 and 124:
AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch S
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138: AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch 6
Page 139 and 140: AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch F
Page 157 and 158: 6.4. Indicators and trends AEBAR 20
Page 159 and 160: AEBAR 2012: Non-protected bycatch M
Page 161 and 162: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts 7. Bent
Page 163 and 164: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts board a
Page 165 and 166: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Figure
Page 167 and 168: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Rice (2
Page 169 and 170: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts megafau
Page 171 and 172: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Based p
Page 173 and 174: 7.3.2. Distribution of Fishing AEBA
Page 175 and 176: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Baird e
Page 177 and 178: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Figure
Page 179 and 180: Area (1000 sq.km) Area (1000 sq.km)
Page 181 and 182: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts changes
Page 183 and 184: 7.3.5. Current research AEBAR 2012:
Page 185 and 186: 7.5. References AEBAR 2012: Benthic
Page 187: AEBAR 2012: Benthic impacts Rowden
Page 191 and 192: AEBAR 2012: Ecosystem effects: NZ r
Page 207 and 208: AEBAR 2012: Ecosystem effects: Habi
Page 217 and 218: AEBAR 2012: Ecosystem effects: Land
Page 229 and 230: AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity THE
Page 231 and 232: MPI Research (current) NZ Research
Page 233 and 234: 11.1.2. Defining biodiversity AEBAR
Page 235 and 236: AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Mar
Page 237 and 238: AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity New
Page 239 and 240:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity •
Page 241 and 242:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Fig
Page 243 and 244:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity 11.
Page 245 and 246:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity sta
Page 247 and 248:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity to
Page 249 and 250:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity ACH
Page 251 and 252:
Progression of research understandi
Page 253 and 254:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity and
Page 255 and 256:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Sur
Page 257 and 258:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity wor
Page 259 and 260:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity dat
Page 261 and 262:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Ove
Page 263 and 264:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity and
Page 265 and 266:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity 11.
Page 267 and 268:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity A n
Page 269 and 270:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity aci
Page 271 and 272:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Pro
Page 273 and 274:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity inv
Page 275 and 276:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Ros
Page 277 and 278:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Spe
Page 279 and 280:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity spe
Page 281 and 282:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity maj
Page 283 and 284:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity mod
Page 285 and 286:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity iv)
Page 287 and 288:
11.5. References AEBAR 2012: Marine
Page 289 and 290:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity D
Page 291 and 292:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Lea
Page 293 and 294:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity O'D
Page 295 and 296:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Thr
Page 297 and 298:
AEBAR 2012: Marine Biodiversity Tar
Page 299 and 300:
12. Appendices AEBAR 2012: Appendic
Page 301 and 302:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 14. To advis
Page 303 and 304:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices different co
Page 305 and 306:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 12.3. Terms
Page 307 and 308:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices • To devel
Page 309 and 310:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices step aside f
Page 311 and 312:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 12.4. BRAG a
Page 313 and 314:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 15. While th
Page 315 and 316:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 39. The over
Page 317 and 318:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 12.7. OUR ST
Page 319 and 320:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 12.8.2. Bios
Page 321 and 322:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Policy 23: D
Page 323 and 324:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices 12.8.7. Nati
Page 325 and 326:
PROTECTED SPECIES AEBAR 2012: Appen
Page 327 and 328:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices: Past projec
Page 329 and 330:
PROTECTED SPECIES continued Project
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Baird, S., 2
Page 379 and 380:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Clark, M., D
Page 381 and 382:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Grotti, M.,
Page 383 and 384:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices MacDiarmid,
Page 385 and 386:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Pinkerton, M
Page 387 and 388:
AEBAR 2012: Appendices Snelder, T.,
Page 389:
ISBN: 978-0-478-40503-3 (print) ISB
show all

Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Annual Review 2012

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?