Avoided Deforestation (REDD) and Indigenous ... - Amazon Fund

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Deforestation and Indigenous Territories in the Brazilian Amazon Source: Instituto Socioambiental, 2010 Considering these facts, it can be said that, from the standpoint of a planetary scale of the climate crisis, stocks of forest carbon in the Amazon are what matters most. However, it should be taken into consideration that indigenous lands, as well as quilombo maroon community lands and areas occupied by other traditional populations make up mosaics of protected areas, even in other regions and biomes of the country, and the importance of environmental and climate services rendered by these continually forested areas may go beyond the regional scale. On this note, other protected areas which are part of the SNUC – National System of Conservation Units (Law 9985, of 2000) – and are located in the Legal Amazon have a total area of 12 Av o i d e d d e f o re s t A t i o n (redd) A n d i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e s: experiences, chAllenges A n d o p p o r t u n i t i e s in t h e A m A zo n c o n t e x t
approximately 13 million hectares, or 25% of the total area of that region, with 3% of the system’s area overlapping with 7% of the indigenous lands located there. In many Amazon sub-regions, indigenous lands make up large mosaics with direct- and indirect-use conservation units, both of which are managed by the federal as well as state governments. Historical deforestation which has accumulated within indigenous lands in the Amazon is not substantial and affects less than 2% of the area. Part of this deforestation is associated with certain forms of indigenous occupation of the territory – areas used for construction and expansion of villages, clearing of land for agriculture – and part is due to non-indigenous occupation in the past, prior to official land recognition processes, or current occupation resulting from ongoing invasions. To be sure, it is not by avoiding historical deforestation in indigenous lands that consistent actions to guarantee the future of the vast carbon stock in these lands can be developed. Wrongly degraded areas located in these lands can and should be recovered, but the main focus should be on preventing patterns of deforestation that have been observed in other parts of the Amazon from reaching indigenous lands. Indigenous lands in the Amazon are affected in various ways by processes of colonial occupation, agricultural frontier expansion, and implementation of large infrastructure projects. In other words, indigenous lands (as well as conservation units and other forested areas) located along the “arc of deforestation” (including Eastern Pará, Northern Mato Grosso, and Central Rondônia) have forest carbon stocks and other environmental services which are exposed to greater pressures and are therefore subject to a higher level of future risk. Therefore, it may be concluded that indigenous lands located in regions under greater pressure are better suited for development of REDD-type projects, which have reducing deforestation as their main objectives. In this case, these would be projects which intend to prevent, for decades, the regional deforestation pattern from penetrating indigenous lands. Nevertheless, reducing deforestation, in spite of benefitting climate and offering other immediate positive results, is a limited-time objective, since it is hoped that, in the not-sodistant future, deforestation in the Amazon will be limited to legally permitted levels. The greater challenge, both in the short and long run, is ensuring perennial carbon stocks in the Amazon and indigenous lands for the future. In this strategy, the importance of indigenous lands in more remote regions grows, more markedly so along the borders between Brazil and other Amazon countries, not only because of the vast area and large forest carbon stocks contained therein, but also because they make up Av o i d e d d e f o re s t A t i o n (redd) A n d i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e s: experiences, chAllenges A n d o p p o r t u n i t i e s in t h e A m A zo n c o n t e x t 13
Page 1 and 2: Avoided Deforestation (REDD) and In
Page 3 and 4: Avoided Deforestation (REDD) and In
Page 5: Summary Introduction Raul Silva Tel
Page 8 and 9: Amazon region is currently the pref
Page 11 and 12: Indigenous Lands and the Climate Cr
Page 13: “Amazon biome,” which does not
Page 17 and 18: The tables below display data regar
Page 19 and 20: In practice, the main decisions reg
Page 21: Nogueira, EM., Fearnside, PM., Nels
Page 24 and 25: 22 Av o i d e d d e f o re s t A t
Page 26 and 27: Given the absence of legal definiti
Page 28 and 29: internal debates on this issue, pre
Page 30 and 31: which they have traditionally owned
Page 32 and 33: which Bolivian legislation calls
Page 34 and 35: consultation” in its articles 30.
Page 36 and 37: are also facilitated by the strong
Page 38 and 39: legal risk that these lands can be
Page 40 and 41: has the duty (and exclusive compete
Page 42 and 43: derived from them, such as from the
Page 44 and 45: On the other hand, the Colombian le
Page 46 and 47: “the special norms which regulate
Page 48 and 49: framework of ecological function an
Page 50 and 51: The law permits and stimulates refo
Page 52 and 53: the use, enjoyment, control, admini
Page 54 and 55: One of these bills relates to the e
Page 56 and 57: the constitution which still has no
Page 58 and 59: Since there is not a specific law r
Page 60 and 61: communities of the sierra and jungl
Page 62 and 63: the lands that they possess and tha
Page 64 and 65:
and legal instruments to guarantee
Page 66 and 67:
those recognized “in internationa
Page 68 and 69:
limitation for implementing eventua
Page 70 and 71:
REDD in Venezuela Since REDD mechan
Page 72 and 73:
to implement REDD projects with bec
Page 74 and 75:
Can IPs dispose of the forestry res
Page 76 and 77:
Ecuador Yes. However, it will be ne
Page 78 and 79:
to reductions in GHG emissions and
Page 80 and 81:
did not establish any mechanism to
Page 82 and 83:
On the other hand, there is a growi
Page 84 and 85:
the co-existence of diverse culture
Page 86 and 87:
In accordance with this internation
Page 88 and 89:
Indigenous Peoples as Protagonists
Page 90 and 91:
e considered a security under Brazi
Page 92 and 93:
cannot dispose of the lands they tr
Page 94 and 95:
Article 34 of the Indian Statute (F
Page 96 and 97:
is a legal obligation and there is
Page 98 and 99:
State or to third parties. Since ca
Page 100 and 101:
equired for the acts of civil life,
Page 102 and 103:
indigenous peoples could only have
Page 104 and 105:
Indigenous Collective Ownership Fin
Page 106 and 107:
of their interest is indivisible (L
Page 108 and 109:
equired before the benefits may be
Page 111 and 112:
The Surui Project: Building Indigen
Page 113 and 114:
has decimated much of their forest.
Page 115 and 116:
Reducing Risks: Framework for Proje
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Michel Pellanders/Hollandse Hoogte,
Page 119 and 120:
evitalization. Therefore, the REDD
Page 121 and 122:
Volume: To assess the volume of the
Page 123 and 124:
2009). The Surui are also engaging
Page 125 and 126:
will be critical, given that eventu
Page 127 and 128:
Legal Aspects of the Surui Carbon P
Page 129 and 130:
from afforestation, reforestation,
Page 131 and 132:
of representing their respective co
Page 133 and 134:
they are entitled to participate in
Page 135 and 136:
In the case of Brazil, the prolifer
Page 137 and 138:
• Article 11, IV of the referred-
Page 139 and 140:
Sole paragraph. The rule of this Ar
Page 141 and 142:
constitutional rights of Brazilian
Page 143 and 144:
of exploitation or use, and belong
Page 145:
alignment with the Brazilian consti
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