African Opinion - Freedom Archives
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Jan.-Feb., 1969 Africa Summit Conference Reports<br />
AFRICA DAY<br />
SPECIAL<br />
MESSAGE<br />
Qy DR . KWANIE NhRU\fAH<br />
DESIGNED<br />
TACTICS<br />
HASTENING<br />
RACIAL<br />
CONFLICT<br />
By DA 8: UBA
2<br />
THE CASE OF OCCUPIED AFRICA<br />
NorE : .The following are quotations from the case<br />
of "South ll'est Africa" (Namibia) and the occupied<br />
areas of Africa, presented to the United Nations' General<br />
Assembly, -November 21 7, 1968 by 12r. V. J.<br />
111waanga, the representative of the Republic of Zambia<br />
(formerly Northern Rhodesia) and reproduced for our<br />
readers' ! benefit .<br />
Naani'bia, is known to all <strong>African</strong>s as the area that<br />
huropeans called "South West Africa ." SIVAPO, is<br />
the abbreviation of (South lhest <strong>African</strong> People Organization)<br />
. "Boutustans" are barren ; slow death areas<br />
in South Africa in which <strong>African</strong>s are thrown by<br />
dugged-in armed Europeans scattered reservations<br />
and guarded against , relief, genocide camps .<br />
The population of South Africa and Namibia is 16<br />
million <strong>African</strong>s and 3 million Europeans.<br />
Parenthetic statements, subheads apd Italics are ours .<br />
Once again the General Assembly is considering the<br />
problem of Namibia, which has remained fixed on the<br />
agenda of the United Nations for many years . Since<br />
the subject was last debated, the situation has assumed<br />
a grave proportion, which will darken the pages of<br />
historv.<br />
WeUhave witnessed the creation of the first bantustan<br />
in Namibia, the removal of all the indigenous people<br />
from the old location of Windhoek to segregated areas,<br />
the killing of SWAPO freedom fighters in Caprivi<br />
Strip a few weeks ago, and the denial of justice to the<br />
31 Namibians who were being illegally tried by South<br />
<strong>African</strong> Courts ; to mention only a few .<br />
It has been evident since 1946 that the racist regime<br />
of South Africa had decided to incorporate Namibia<br />
within its territorial frontiers. As is well known, subsequent<br />
efforts by the International Community to dislodge<br />
South Africa from the territory of Namibia did<br />
not bear any fruitful results.<br />
A Gauntlet Thrown to''All <strong>African</strong>s<br />
It is a matter of deep regret to my delegation that<br />
the International Community has failed to compel<br />
South Africa to abandon its criminal policy. Instead<br />
of taking resolute and drastic measures against South<br />
Africa, Ax Uni.ted Nations has been evasive and ineffective<br />
. More than seventy (70) resolutions on this<br />
question prominently occupy the pages of the United<br />
Nations. It is clear that resolutions alone will not have<br />
any meaningful effect on the course of events - in<br />
Namibia or indeed help to speed up the achievement<br />
of self-determination and independence for the suffering<br />
people of that territory .<br />
The United Nations has a special and direct responsibility<br />
to the people of that territory, because not<br />
only are we confronted with a case of sheer colonial<br />
domination in its most hideous form, but we are also<br />
duty bound to defend the very spirit of the Charter .<br />
The "League of Nations" mandate for Namibia can<br />
no longer serve as a valid basis for the perpetual fore-<br />
ible enslavement of half million people in their homeland<br />
by a minority clique of white imported racists<br />
operating in South Africa .<br />
The International Court of Justice (an imperialist<br />
arm) took six long years to decide judging not to judge"<br />
. . . the imperative merits of the case brought before<br />
the Court by the <strong>African</strong> States of Ethiopia and<br />
Liberia .<br />
U. N., Come Out in the Open<br />
The fundamental issue is moral, humanitarian and<br />
political . Namibia is the homeland of 500,000 <strong>African</strong>s<br />
; quite unlike the imported racists in South Africa,<br />
have no other hom- . These people and their ancestors<br />
have lived there for centuries, and one might say even<br />
since the dawn of history. Therefore, they have an<br />
inalienable right to live there in peace without any<br />
foreign domination or oppression .<br />
They have a God given right to their freedom and<br />
independence and to develop their own political, social<br />
and economic institutions. They have a right to enjoy<br />
their own cultural heritage, no matter what any clique<br />
of arrogant outsiders might think . And as such there<br />
is no mandate, no treaty, no law on earth that could<br />
legitimately rob them of this right of freedom and selfdc-termination<br />
.<br />
The United Nations itself is not endowed with the<br />
riL,:ht to obstruct the wishes of the indigenous people<br />
of Namibia . The urgent question is that of freedom<br />
or enslavement, and it is high timA that Member States<br />
of the United Nations, and especially those who have<br />
the key to the balance of power in that area, let the<br />
world know on which side they are on .<br />
Military Fortress Against <strong>African</strong> Nationalism<br />
The shrewd banditry of South Africa's behavior expresses<br />
itself in the way she skillfully abuses the legal<br />
process in making white friends and oppressing <strong>African</strong><br />
people. First as a mandatory power, she was in<br />
the enviable position to exploit the mineral wealth of<br />
Namibia for her own selfish profit, and at the same<br />
time secure a huge chunk of Africa as a Northern<br />
military fortress against the inevitable rise of <strong>African</strong><br />
nationalism to the North.<br />
Such naked piracy is certainly unparalleled in international<br />
affairs . . . The racist regime in South Africa<br />
uses international law to get what they want, then tern<br />
round after to reject the very existence of the law."<br />
The actions and attitude of the Pretoria regime are<br />
tantamount to international legal gangsterism .<br />
This being the case, the United Nations has absolutely<br />
no alternative but to respond to the wishes of<br />
the indigenous people by bringing this regime to sanity.<br />
It is the duty of all Members of this organization<br />
who love peace, who believe in the universal brotherhood<br />
of man, who love freedom and justice to support<br />
appropriate measures to rid the people of Namibia<br />
from foreign occupation and other manifest evils of'<br />
(Continued on page 14)<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Journal of<br />
Independent Thoughts and Expression<br />
Vol. 8 JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1969 Nos . II & 12<br />
Jas . L . Brown .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . Editor and Manager<br />
Victor G. Cohen . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..... . .. . .. ... . .. Associate Editor<br />
H. Cumberbatch . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . Associate Editor<br />
Gladys P. Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Published bi-monthly by <strong>African</strong> Picture & Information<br />
Service at 8 West 117th Street, New York, N. Y., 10026.<br />
Jas. L. Brown, President and Secretary .<br />
Unsolicited manuscripts and drawings must be accompanied<br />
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2<br />
AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th<br />
Established 1963<br />
by<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity (OAU)<br />
Notice : On account of re-organization of the business<br />
management, no issue was published since the August-<br />
September number. This does not affect the number<br />
of copies due on the yearly subscription .<br />
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The Black Man's<br />
HOLIDAY<br />
Front Cover Photo : School Boy in Equator May 25th of Each Year<br />
Province, Kongo, Unobstructed and Free<br />
from Fear. UN Photo. THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN<br />
The Case of Occupied Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAY<br />
Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
"Return to Africa Heard at Hampton . . . . . . . . . 5 We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of<br />
Whither Are We Going? <strong>African</strong> descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal,<br />
By Victor G. Cohen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc ., for Mutual Observance of:<br />
Africa Day Special Message May 25th - All <strong>African</strong>s' Day<br />
By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />
Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loud!<br />
Land Grant to <strong>African</strong>-Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict U N I A & <strong>African</strong> Communities League<br />
By Da & LTba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />
Ethiopian World Federation, Inc .<br />
Society of <strong>African</strong> Descendants, Inc.<br />
Africa Invites Black Power Conference . . . . . . . . 11 Our Families Protection Association, Inc .<br />
Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)<br />
<strong>African</strong>-American Teachers Association<br />
Harlem Labor Union<br />
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3
Dear Editor,<br />
I compose this letter because I am<br />
deeply interested in the political and<br />
social progress of my homeland, Africa.<br />
Although I was born here in<br />
America my heart and soul have always<br />
been in Africa among my<br />
Brothers and Sisters with whom I<br />
share a common cause "in all relative<br />
aspects ."<br />
Sir, I read every edition of the<br />
<strong>African</strong> <strong>Opinion</strong> and I must comment<br />
that it is very informative as<br />
well as educational for those who<br />
are interested in the obvious or less<br />
obvious struggles of the black man<br />
collectively . It is a wonderful feeling<br />
to be able to read <strong>African</strong> literature<br />
and feel confident that you<br />
are receiving the truth ; as does<br />
one experience reading the <strong>African</strong><br />
<strong>Opinion</strong> .<br />
Without complaining in this facet,<br />
I profoundly feel that every black<br />
person in America has experienced<br />
the persecution of prejudice discrimination<br />
in some form or other<br />
without provocation. Thus it is both<br />
sad and tragic the injustice which I<br />
have had to sustain at the hands of<br />
political scavengers ; who saw the<br />
opportunity to further their political<br />
careers through my persecution and<br />
sufferings .<br />
I was illegally sent to prison for<br />
allegedly kidnapping three racist<br />
police officers. My trial was widely<br />
publicized, as a result of this, the<br />
presiding judge and other political<br />
personnel perpetrated to deprive me<br />
of enjoying any form of justice.<br />
Therefore I was used as a. scapegoat<br />
and a political stepping stone . Thus<br />
I am at present a political prisoner<br />
whose efforts towards freedom are<br />
constantly being obstructed by the<br />
white politicians who are responsible<br />
for my illegal incarceration .<br />
Without elaborating upon the daily<br />
atrocities which I sustain in prison,<br />
I would like to request of you, Mr.<br />
4<br />
<strong>African</strong> World Wide Survey<br />
October 17, 1968<br />
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR<br />
MY THOUGHT FOR TODAY<br />
By W. D. Anderson, Liaison<br />
There used to be a great struggle<br />
for "Integration", "Equal Rights"<br />
and "Racial Equality" . There is<br />
something that causes all of this<br />
trouble and excitement . We should<br />
ask ourselves the question : If we all<br />
started out equal (Independence<br />
Declaration : "that all men are created<br />
equal . . .") what happened?<br />
Did we lose our equality? If we<br />
lost it, let's find it, then put it to<br />
work for our best interests .<br />
If we have talents let's join hands<br />
around the world and use our talents,<br />
not to make others unhappy, but use<br />
it for ourselves and our coming generations'<br />
safety, security and happi-<br />
Editor, to assist me in my endeavor<br />
to correspond with <strong>African</strong>s of both<br />
sexes, who are interested in their <strong>African</strong>-American<br />
Brothers and Sisters,<br />
so that I may thus broaden my scope<br />
upon the country which I am united<br />
by a common cause.<br />
P.S . : Mr . Editor, I doubt if this<br />
letter will reach you because my mail<br />
here at this prison is frequently obstructed<br />
. However, if it does reach<br />
you "Please" acknowledge receiving<br />
such .<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Otis X. Adams, #90279<br />
P. O. Box 779<br />
Marquette, Mich. 49855<br />
Otis X. Adams<br />
AGENTS WANTED<br />
to handle<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Address :<br />
Circulation Manager<br />
8 WEST 117th STREET<br />
New York, N . Y . 10026<br />
REMEMBER THE FREEDOM<br />
FIGHTERS<br />
IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,<br />
RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA<br />
ness. If we have talents and do not<br />
use them we must blame no one but<br />
ourselves .<br />
True we have been brought up in<br />
a surrounding where we saw but little<br />
in picture, carvings or reading<br />
that would have a tendency to remind<br />
us that we have had a glorious<br />
history. Lacking these we seem to be<br />
blind to the truth and deaf to the<br />
echo of our calling .<br />
The Emancipation Proclamation<br />
is over a hundred years old . Since<br />
the declaration men and women of<br />
both races have gone far to point out<br />
the true way to what we need - and<br />
that should be what, we want. This<br />
will give us complete Emancipation.<br />
Then we will cease to be big babies<br />
and accept being weaned .<br />
Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson,<br />
Charles Fenton Mercer, James<br />
Monroe, Paul Cuffe, Bishop H. M.<br />
Turner, Mrs . M. L . Gordon, Marcus<br />
Garvey . . . have put forth the efforts<br />
to make us men.<br />
Let us integrate our finances<br />
among ourselves now and also sign<br />
a petition for the passage of a Repatriation<br />
Bill . This will go further<br />
towards solving our problems honestly,<br />
realistically and safely than anything<br />
else that some of our people<br />
are now attempting.<br />
For further information and clarification<br />
of the workings of Universal<br />
Negro (<strong>African</strong>) Improvement Association<br />
and <strong>African</strong> Communities<br />
League, visit the local "Liberty Hall"<br />
any Sunday 3 P.M. at 1110 Broadway,<br />
Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. W. E .<br />
Sanders, President.<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
The faculty and student body of<br />
Hampton Institute, one of the colleges<br />
set up for the education of<br />
<strong>African</strong>s freed from American slavery,<br />
heard a renewed plan to relieve<br />
the vexing problem facing black<br />
people in America.<br />
The plan of action was discussed<br />
bv Bro. Mustafa Hashim, a representative<br />
of the <strong>African</strong> Repatriation<br />
Association with office at 5119 Chestnut<br />
Street, Philadelphia, Pa.<br />
The Association, Mr . Hashim reported,<br />
"has presented a bill to the<br />
Congress of the U. S. requesting<br />
government assistance "to those who<br />
want to return" to the <strong>African</strong><br />
fatherland and who, because of discrimination<br />
and repression, have<br />
been prevented from amassing the<br />
means to move with their families<br />
and belongings and to sustain themselves<br />
for the brief period of readjustment<br />
.<br />
The request, the lecturer went on,<br />
is only a fraction of reparation due<br />
the <strong>African</strong>s for over 300 years of<br />
blood, sweat and tears that helped<br />
build America .<br />
Garvey's Plea Repeated<br />
Opening with Marcus Garvey's<br />
"appeal to the soul of white America,"<br />
he said, "the historical conditions<br />
which led to the depression, degradation<br />
and de-humanization of the<br />
freed <strong>African</strong>s have not changed .<br />
The dictated solution to our problem<br />
of "laying down our buckets"<br />
here has, as planned, failed miserably.<br />
For that reason, "we must<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
"'RETURN TO AFRICA" HEARD AT HAMPTON<br />
return to mother Africa, since America<br />
no longer needs us," especially<br />
with her "Population Explosion",<br />
her perfected automation, chronic<br />
unemployment, mounting relief cases<br />
and the tax burden .<br />
"The brothers in the jails, the<br />
poor, the oppressed, the 'unemployed<br />
are truly aware, willing and have<br />
ever been ready to return to Africa,<br />
the spokesman said, "where condition<br />
and climate are far more favorable<br />
to a happier living than here .<br />
Visiting Students to Africa<br />
Reported<br />
Highlighting the program was Mr.<br />
John A. Williams' film comparing<br />
scenes on his visit to Nigeria, with<br />
palm trees, dancing and playing on<br />
beaches, with the impoverished areas<br />
of Philadelphia . Williams stated<br />
that he was called "Omowale" which<br />
means "the son who has returned<br />
home" in the <strong>African</strong> language .<br />
Many of the students signed a petition<br />
giving their support to "the<br />
right of those, who want to return<br />
to Africa," to seek government aid<br />
through Reparation.<br />
Mr. James Parker, Chairman of<br />
the "Black Forum", invited Bro .<br />
Mustafa to Hampton.<br />
Parker was also in Nigeria for<br />
two months during the summer and<br />
was adopted by a Nigerian family.<br />
During his trip he also visited<br />
Ghana, Togoland and Dahomey. He<br />
said that the question most often<br />
asked bv the <strong>African</strong>s he met was<br />
why did he stay in America? "I was<br />
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unprepared to answer that question,"<br />
Parker said. "It was the first time<br />
I had been presented with it." Only<br />
21 years old, he is now hoping to<br />
return and help build Africa after<br />
graduation from Hampton in Virginia<br />
.<br />
Three Bills Before Congress<br />
The program ended with a great<br />
ovation and Bro . Mustafa was extended<br />
an invitation to return the<br />
coming semester to further develop<br />
the theme of Repatriation. Theodis<br />
Holland, president of the Student<br />
Government congratulated Bro. Mustafa<br />
for an interesting and informative<br />
lecture.<br />
NOTE : It is reproted that three<br />
bills for assistance are presently before<br />
Congress . One submitted by<br />
"The Ethiopian Peace Movement"<br />
of Chicago; another by the "Selfdetermination,<br />
Reparation and Repatriation<br />
Committee" of California<br />
and the third by the "<strong>African</strong> American<br />
Repatriation Association of<br />
Philadelphia.<br />
The bills embodied in sum and<br />
substance the provisions of the<br />
"Longer Bill" of 1948, submitted by<br />
"<strong>African</strong> Nationalist Movements,"<br />
of New York and the "Bilbo Bill"<br />
of 1939 submitted by the Ethiopian<br />
Peace Movement of Chicago, Ill. The<br />
"Bilbo Bill" although endorsed by<br />
six million signatures was ignored<br />
by Congress . Disregarding the wishes<br />
of 6,000,000 adults and thereby create<br />
a state of frustration, requires<br />
close re-examination.<br />
Recreational<br />
- Discussions<br />
Loans<br />
Phone : FI 8-5804<br />
Mr . L. Kofi Brown, President
!"Tow that the DAWN OF FREE-<br />
DOM has finally arrived, the question<br />
is - where do we go from here?<br />
Now that we are beginning to know<br />
ourselves, know from whence we<br />
came, know our heritage, we should<br />
grasp the golden ke;v of Unity and<br />
demonstrate in practical and visible<br />
action that we are one in thoughts<br />
-words and deeds . When an <strong>African</strong><br />
is abused or mistreated anywhere<br />
it should be our concern ; and<br />
-we should not hesitate to use any<br />
means necessarv to prevent its reeurrence<br />
.<br />
Where do we go from here in the<br />
field of racial education? Every <strong>African</strong>-American<br />
boy and -irl from<br />
the age of five and up should be<br />
taught the history of Africa - the<br />
home of his and her ancestors. This<br />
will impart a great sense of pride<br />
and enable them to carry on the torch<br />
of mental and intellectual freedom.<br />
Lot us take a page out of the history<br />
o£ the Jews . When a Jewish<br />
child leaves the public schools in<br />
the afternoon, he is sent to a Jewish<br />
school in the evenings to be taught<br />
the history and customs of his or her<br />
ancestors. We should do likewise for<br />
our children's sake. Every church<br />
Shortage in trained manpower is due<br />
former colonial administration .<br />
WHITHER ARE WE GOING?<br />
By Victor G. Cohen<br />
should open its d(mrs for this<br />
purpose .<br />
Where do we go from here in the<br />
field of Economic education? The<br />
majority of us are not trained to<br />
earn a decent livelihood for ourselves<br />
and our families . Our remonstrances<br />
have created a "wind of change"<br />
which will enable us to better our<br />
economic condition . Those of us who<br />
are net so equipped should take ad-<br />
Teachers Wanted In Zambia<br />
Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on<br />
Development Program.<br />
W<br />
L1<br />
S -M<br />
1 1m primary to teacher tra<br />
_+ " 1 " . . Czechoslovakia<br />
" 1 1 p .<br />
1 '<br />
1 1 1 1<br />
1<br />
1 111 klet on : Teaching and Living in<br />
11 1 Educational nal Attach6<br />
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1 : 1<br />
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vantage of this created opportunity .<br />
Remember the old adage :<br />
edge is power."<br />
"Knowl-<br />
Let us not be like the wilful child<br />
who cries unnecessarily . His mother<br />
thought lie was lningry and gave him<br />
some food, he promptly threw it on<br />
the floor . Remember this : success<br />
will always come to those who think<br />
positively .<br />
POSITIVE THINKING<br />
tiuccess will always come to those<br />
Who think in a positive way<br />
Its golden door is never closed<br />
To positive thinkers, night or day .<br />
If You are positive in your thoughts<br />
Negative ones will have no room<br />
For "Dame Success" will be inside<br />
To guide your actions without fear .<br />
Think positive, let the negative go<br />
This weakling was not made for you<br />
1Trrfold the positive powers of bind<br />
And leave the negative ones behind .<br />
If you do this from day to day<br />
Success is bound to come ,your way<br />
For she admires nothing less<br />
Than positive thinking at its best .<br />
iM;M;EW ;UVO<br />
a massive Educational<br />
ucational policies of the C<br />
1 1<br />
ining, technical training,<br />
combined with four<br />
W 1<br />
among 1 us youths .<br />
Zambia<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION
AFRICA DAY SPECIAL MESSAGE<br />
NOTE : The following Message<br />
from Dr. Nkrumah, the outstanding<br />
<strong>African</strong> patriot and leader, who commands<br />
the adherence of all "<strong>African</strong>s,<br />
at home and abroad" by his<br />
spectacular accomplishment while<br />
sitting as president of Ghana . Not<br />
only did the osagyefo (savior) put<br />
Ghana on par with the few advanced<br />
States in Africa in a few years but<br />
brought about the continental governrnent<br />
(Organization of <strong>African</strong><br />
Unity) before lee was removed from<br />
his dedicated vanta,ged position by<br />
Western imperialists .<br />
This special message is reproduced<br />
from the AZANIA NEWS, organ of<br />
the "Revolutionary Command" of<br />
the Pan <strong>African</strong>i.s t Congress of<br />
South Africa, for our readers' benefit.<br />
It is also a service to enable<br />
leaders of the <strong>African</strong> group abroad<br />
to evaluate the situation and to consider<br />
the appropriate co-ordinated action<br />
required to meet this threatening<br />
challenge .<br />
As the armed phase of the <strong>African</strong><br />
revolution for total liberation and<br />
unity gains momentum in Central<br />
and Southern Africa, racist settlers,<br />
imperialists and neo-colonialists are<br />
intensifying and diversifying their<br />
efforts to consolidate and extend their<br />
domination . They are faced with a<br />
protracted guerrilla struggle which<br />
in the long run they know they cannot<br />
win . But they are seeking by<br />
joint military action to contain it,<br />
and by devious and insinuating economic<br />
and political penetration to<br />
undermine its strength .<br />
They see their opportunity in the<br />
continuing disunity of independent<br />
Africa, the lack of continental planning<br />
and direction of the liberation<br />
struggle, and in the willingness of<br />
certain <strong>African</strong> leaders to allow their<br />
countries to become client states .<br />
Collective imperialism confronts a<br />
disunited, weakened, independent<br />
Africa .<br />
The situation demands immediate<br />
and drastic remedy . We must throw<br />
the full weight of a united, revolutionary<br />
Africa into the struggle .<br />
Each day that we delay, we fail our<br />
gallant freedom fighters and betray<br />
our people .<br />
It is an open secret that South<br />
AFRICAN OPINION.<br />
By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah<br />
Africa, Portugal and Rhodesia are<br />
cooperating in the military sphere<br />
to crush guerrilla campaigns in the<br />
territories they occupy. They exchange<br />
information about freedom<br />
fighter activities, allow overflights<br />
and landings of military aircraft in<br />
each other's countries, and in the<br />
case of South Africa, supply armed<br />
forces and helicopters to assist in the<br />
counter offensive .<br />
A military intelli-<br />
gence board, known as the "Council<br />
of Three," is said to--meet regularly<br />
in Pretoria, South Africa ; Salisbury<br />
iii Rhodesia ; Lourenco Marques, in<br />
Mozambique ; or Luanda in Angola ;<br />
to prepare joint action .<br />
Unholy United Council Operating<br />
The world first heard of the participation<br />
of South <strong>African</strong> forces<br />
in military action outside their own<br />
borders in August 1967, when a<br />
sarong force of freedom fighters went<br />
into action around Wankie Game Reserve<br />
in Rhodesia . A large contingent<br />
of South <strong>African</strong> police in<br />
armoured cars was rushed to the<br />
scene. Since then, there have been<br />
innumerable reports of South <strong>African</strong><br />
intervention. In Rhodesia, South<br />
West Africa, Angola and Mozambique,<br />
South <strong>African</strong> helicopters are<br />
being used to hunt freedom fighters.<br />
Armed South <strong>African</strong> police are<br />
operating against nationalists in<br />
South West Africa . South <strong>African</strong><br />
troops are reported in both Angola<br />
and Mozambique .<br />
Enemy co-operation is not only<br />
confined to defensive operations .<br />
There are clear indications that the<br />
members of the "Council of Three"<br />
are planning offensive action against<br />
independent <strong>African</strong> states. Zambia<br />
has been openly threatened . Furthermore.,<br />
some ten miles from her<br />
border, on the Caprivi Strip, the<br />
"South <strong>African</strong>s" have built an<br />
enormous airfield, said to have a two<br />
mile runway . There are many reports<br />
of armed incursions of "Rhodesians",<br />
"South <strong>African</strong>s" and<br />
Portuguese over the borders between<br />
Zambia, Rhodesia, and Mozambique .<br />
The example of the recent Israeli<br />
aggression against Arab states has<br />
not passed unnoticed in Pretoria, and<br />
has been publicly proclaimed in<br />
South Africa as an effective way of<br />
dealing with a so-called "threat"<br />
from neighbouring states.<br />
Close All <strong>African</strong> Ranks Demanded<br />
Faced with the combined military<br />
strength of the South <strong>African</strong>s, Pertugal<br />
and Rhodesian settlers, <strong>African</strong><br />
freedom fighters must close their<br />
ranks and put an end to rivalries .<br />
They must also be supported by<br />
united and determined action on the<br />
part of the whole independent Africa<br />
. No part of Africa is free while<br />
any of our national territory remains<br />
unliberated . There can be no coexistence<br />
between <strong>African</strong> independence<br />
and imperial and neo-colonial<br />
domination; between, independent<br />
Africa and racist,, minority, settler<br />
governments.<br />
The military obstacles we have to<br />
overcome to achieve our goal of total<br />
liberation and an All-<strong>African</strong> Union<br />
Government are obvious and surmountable<br />
. Less easy to recognize<br />
and to combat are the insidious, often<br />
disguised workings of neo-colonialism,<br />
- the economic and political<br />
pressures which seek to undermine<br />
our independence and to perpetuate<br />
and extend the grip of foreign monopoly<br />
finance capital over the economic<br />
life of our continent .<br />
Many of our so-called independent<br />
states are in fact neo-colonies. They<br />
have all the outward appearance of<br />
sovereignty but their economy and<br />
therefore their political policy is directed<br />
from outside . Some have been<br />
in the grip of neo-colonialism since<br />
independence. Others have been subjected<br />
to neo-colonialism by means<br />
of military coups engineered by neocolonialists<br />
acting in conjunction<br />
with indigenous reactionaries .<br />
In recent. months, with the intensification<br />
of the guerrilla struggle in<br />
Central and Southern Africa, pressure<br />
has been strongly directed towards<br />
those states which have common<br />
frontiers with South Africa,<br />
Rhodesia, economically, and thus<br />
hold up the advance of the <strong>African</strong><br />
Revclnticn and at the same time to<br />
improve their own neo-colonialist<br />
position.<br />
Aiding and Abetting the Enemy<br />
The tragedy is that some <strong>African</strong><br />
heads of state are themselves actually<br />
7:
aiding and abetting imperialists and<br />
neo-colonialists. In February 1967,<br />
Malawi became the first independent<br />
<strong>African</strong> state to conclude a trade<br />
agreement, and later to establish diplomatic<br />
relations with South Africa .<br />
Since then, other <strong>African</strong> states have<br />
also been lured into the South <strong>African</strong><br />
neo-colonialist web by a mixture<br />
of "aid" and carefully-veiled threats .<br />
The withdrawal of Britain from<br />
the High Commission territories, the<br />
break between Britain and Rhodesia<br />
as a result of U.D .I . (Unlawfully<br />
Declared Independence), and the<br />
outbreak of guerrilla warfare in the<br />
Portuguese colonies, has given South<br />
Africa a golden opportunity to jump<br />
in. South Africa is in the classic<br />
imperialist position of a manufacturing<br />
country seeking new outlets for<br />
its capital and goods. Its policy is<br />
to exploit the labour and resources<br />
of its hinterland, thereby strengthening<br />
South Africa's ecenomy and at<br />
the same time delaying the advance<br />
of the <strong>African</strong> Revolution .<br />
South Africa's "new policy" of improved<br />
relations with <strong>African</strong> states<br />
has been described as the building of<br />
"bridges" rather than "forts" . The<br />
crux of the matter was revealed<br />
clearly in the editorial of the South<br />
<strong>African</strong> Financial Gazette of 10th<br />
May 1968<br />
"11%e must build more bridges and<br />
less forts. The might of our armed<br />
forces are not enough to shield off<br />
hostilities still being built up against<br />
South Africa in some <strong>African</strong> States .<br />
We must build more bridges into<br />
AID AFRICA NOW<br />
Committee, Inc.<br />
2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St .) New York, N . Y . 10027<br />
Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and<br />
Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozambique,<br />
South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .<br />
by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in<br />
Neighboring States .<br />
Please make donations to the above Committee<br />
and mail to : P.O . Box 126<br />
New York, N . Y. 10027<br />
All Funds will be sent through the<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity<br />
Africa. In Malawi (Nyasaland) ice<br />
have virtually spanned a bridge into<br />
the heart of Africa ."<br />
Is Malawi Inviting Tragedy?<br />
A delighted broadcaster in Salisbury<br />
on 8th October 1967 praised<br />
Dr. Banda for what he called his<br />
"realistic policy", and added : "the<br />
nations which are nearest to South<br />
Africa have been the quickest to<br />
realize the side on which their bread<br />
is buttered." He referred here to<br />
Lesotho and Botswana (Basutoland<br />
and Betuanaland, formerly) .<br />
South Africa is daily increasing<br />
her economic and political penetration<br />
into <strong>African</strong> territories . The Lesotho<br />
government iii 1967 appointed<br />
three "South <strong>African</strong>s" to "advise"<br />
on political and economic affairs . In<br />
Rhodesia, South <strong>African</strong> capital investment<br />
alrcadv exceeds that of<br />
Britain ; and it 4is mainly the support<br />
of South Africa which has enabled<br />
Ian Smith's rebel regime to<br />
survive.<br />
The South <strong>African</strong> government<br />
has recently granted eight million<br />
rand ($11,160,000 .00) to Malawi<br />
for the building of the new capital<br />
city at Lilongwe . Of the five million<br />
rand set aside for "economic cooperation",<br />
two million has already been<br />
ear-marked for Malawi as a "first<br />
instalment" this year . Since 1964,<br />
when Malawi became independent,<br />
imports from South Africa have<br />
doubled ; while the main force behind<br />
capital investment in Malawi<br />
is increasingly the South <strong>African</strong><br />
government itself .<br />
The<br />
All <strong>African</strong>s Must Be Alerted<br />
The South <strong>African</strong> Liberation<br />
Movement together with the peoples<br />
of independent Africa and freedom<br />
fighters wherever they are operating<br />
must be alert to this new challenge.<br />
Nco-colouism, like colonialism and<br />
imperialism can only be banished<br />
from our midst by armed struggle.<br />
In East, Central and West Africa,<br />
neo-colonialism is hard at work fostering<br />
regional economic groupings,<br />
in the knowledge that without political<br />
cohesion they will remain weak<br />
and subject to neo-colonialist pressures<br />
and domination . The U. S.<br />
government in its latest statement on<br />
"aid" has said that it will favour<br />
thoFe states which are grouped to-<br />
-ether in this way.<br />
As each new attempt is made to<br />
divide its and to divert us from our<br />
purpose it must be exposed and attacked.<br />
Already, the ordinary men<br />
and women of Africa are talking the<br />
language of the <strong>African</strong> Revolution .<br />
They speak of freedom and unity,<br />
and know that these objectives are<br />
synonymous, and can only be attained<br />
through armed struggle . In<br />
some cases, the people of Africa are<br />
ahead of their governments. But the<br />
pressures they are exerting will inevitably<br />
compel the pace forward.<br />
We must recognize and fight the<br />
external and the internal enemy, and<br />
combine all our resources in the great<br />
struggle which lies ahead. With cohesive<br />
planning and with a full<br />
awareness of our united strength,<br />
nothing can halt the process towards<br />
fugal victory.<br />
NOW ON THE RECORD<br />
Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice<br />
of<br />
MARCUS GARVEY<br />
Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people<br />
before the world . In your own home you can now hear<br />
THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS<br />
that shook the world for only $1.50 - by mail $2.25.<br />
Payment in Advance<br />
VANGUARD LOCAL, UNIA & ACL<br />
2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St .)<br />
New York, N . Y . 10027<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
Photo : Miss Miriant Mkeba<br />
Re-united After 300 Years<br />
The will of hate had it so that<br />
after 30() years of parting Stokelyy<br />
Carmic-bael from Trinidad, West Indies,<br />
and Miriam Makeba from<br />
South Africa appeared recently on a<br />
television program in New York as<br />
man and wife. Carmichael and Alakeba<br />
ran into each other in the<br />
United States and put to an end the<br />
concocted concept, of their common<br />
enemy, that "East is East and West<br />
is West never the twain shall ineet ."<br />
The instigators of separation probably<br />
had forgotten the dominance of<br />
that. "precious ties of blood" and<br />
that, identity (if color in this case .<br />
Carmichael was dragged away<br />
from iMakeba, placed on the "Good<br />
Ship desrts", brought to Iamestown,<br />
Virginia (1011) A.D . ), dragooned to<br />
the Caribbean and bartered for molasses.<br />
IIe returned to the United<br />
States, attended Howard University<br />
and became a leader ]it the fight for<br />
freedom .<br />
Both revealed tlw repressive systems<br />
under which then groxv were one<br />
and the same.<br />
A talented artist, Miss Makeba<br />
geared her songs which translate the<br />
agony of her people in South Africa<br />
now under sicgc. lw European gangsters<br />
.<br />
Barred by Collusion<br />
The songs of the talented <strong>African</strong><br />
artist so enlighting, to her brothers<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
a<br />
LAND GRANT TO AFRICAN-AMERICANS<br />
On their second trip to Africa in<br />
,search for settlement areas, Rev.<br />
1V inston G . Evans, Executive Director<br />
and Mr. Dewey Weaver,<br />
'treasurer respectively, of the Ethiopian<br />
World Federation, Inc . of<br />
Chicago, Illinois, announce that the<br />
result of their mission far exceeds<br />
their expectations.<br />
leaving Chicago by air in Decenther,<br />
1968, the couple visited Liberia,<br />
Senegal, Ghana and Ethiopia . In<br />
Accra, Ghana the Federation estab-<br />
Iished registration and requested land<br />
for mutual development, the leaders<br />
reported .<br />
The two representatives then departed<br />
for Ethiopia where the World<br />
Federation had received 10,000 acres<br />
granted by Ills \lajcsty, Emperor<br />
flaile Selassie while he was on a<br />
visit to the United States in 1967 .<br />
Rev . Evans and Mr . Weaver receivecl<br />
assistance from the Ethiopian<br />
Minister of Agriculture and the<br />
Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce in<br />
their travel activities along with an<br />
expert from the Agricultural Department<br />
who accompanied them to the<br />
.ites, thev stated .<br />
Appeal for Settlers<br />
h:vans and Weaver examined and<br />
slu ve)ed sites in "Bale Province"<br />
;irn(l in "Lobe." Supplies were fur-<br />
and sisters oil this side, of the Atlantic,<br />
that her album began to hit<br />
high in circulation until, it was revealed,<br />
she married Stokely Carntich,<br />
el .<br />
The Vampires, the Conspirators,<br />
with policy to keep <strong>African</strong>s apart<br />
stepped in, clamped down and slow<br />
clown the allnun's sale. The action is<br />
viewed ns a display of displeasure<br />
over a domestic union and camouflag,<br />
i ug thi i r cha ;-rin by using the<br />
confrontation between Carmichael<br />
and the authorities as a cloak .<br />
Carmichael ran into conflict with<br />
the State Department when he ignored<br />
its directive and visited North<br />
Vietnam, China and Cuba. for which<br />
his passport was confiscated.<br />
nislaed by a "Dr . Fischer, head of<br />
the United States Agency for International<br />
Development to Ethiopia,<br />
the officials said .<br />
The land grant will be used for<br />
comnninity building, raising live<br />
stock, agriculture and other undertakings,<br />
by returnees in collaboration<br />
with the brothers there and with the<br />
help of both governments, the Ethiopian<br />
and the United States .<br />
"We have already a 500 acre grant<br />
at Shashamane and at Arussie . Administrator<br />
.James Piper and wife,<br />
have built it up in ten years with a<br />
growing number of homes, two<br />
sch(x)ls, a recreation center and the<br />
ten room Malakii E . Bayen Health<br />
clinic and staffs . Living on that land<br />
grant are families from the West<br />
Indies and the United States ."<br />
The Illinois branch of the Ethiopiaau<br />
World Federation, Inc,, with<br />
offices at 6341 So . Dorchester Avenue,<br />
Chicago, is "appealing for<br />
thousands from the United States<br />
and West Indies . Emphasis is placed<br />
on farmers, mechanics, technicians,<br />
business men and women along with<br />
professionals and those with the<br />
know-how to help in the rebuilding<br />
of Africa. All are needed - young,<br />
old, rich and poor ." There is room<br />
and opportunities for many more<br />
who are seeking a climate to live in<br />
security and freedom from fear .<br />
The Black Power advocate somewhat<br />
amusingly revealed further that<br />
he got back his passport but, for some<br />
mysterious reasons, he is barred from<br />
many states in the Caribbean and<br />
other places "not off limit" including<br />
Trinidad, where he was born and<br />
where his relatives reside .<br />
He went on further to compare<br />
the difficulties he is facing with those<br />
practiced on Marcus Garvey, who advocated<br />
"Africa for the <strong>African</strong>s at<br />
home and abroad ." The presentation<br />
throws light on the problems that<br />
black people face, one after another.<br />
All said and done, the hand of<br />
fate has put together again, two<br />
<strong>African</strong> nationals and their respective<br />
kinsmen, after 300 years apart .<br />
9
Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict<br />
Da-Uba, the world is troubled<br />
by a feeling of insecurity stemming<br />
from the planned use of atomic<br />
weapons, from provocation, persecution<br />
and ending up into frustration .<br />
Oil tracing the source generating the<br />
apprehension, we found a small<br />
group of whites located in Europe,<br />
America, Canada, South Africa,<br />
Rhodfsia, Australia and the "Middle<br />
East" with two naval fleets, far<br />
away from their home base and arguing<br />
with each other . What can be<br />
expected, Uba ?<br />
Uba-The "road that Angels fear<br />
to tred" ; the road that one of our<br />
sons, Jesus Christ, warned against :<br />
Those who resort to the sword will<br />
perish by it . It is claimed that "old<br />
dogs may not easily be taught new<br />
tricks" .<br />
However, the youths of the world<br />
are less gleeful over the shadow of<br />
nuclear weapons hanging over their<br />
heads and are stopping the entrenched<br />
few in their crazy tract .<br />
Students in the universities are telling<br />
the agents of the "power structure"<br />
that there is enough space on<br />
this good earth and enough food to<br />
satisfy the normal need of all who<br />
believe in "live and let live" .<br />
Da-TTba, there seems to be a related<br />
"tug of war" in the New York<br />
schools in particular over what are<br />
called "miss-education" and "inferior<br />
training" of children of depressed<br />
communities. However, as<br />
the war progressed, we notice the<br />
shots and shells are mainly directed<br />
at the <strong>African</strong> minority and not the<br />
Puerto Ricans which is thrown in<br />
as an extraneous blind fold .<br />
In response to the communities'<br />
legitimate and moral expectations, of<br />
seeing their youngsters coming out<br />
of school with ambition, pride and<br />
responsibility, they found them not<br />
only stripped of what they entered<br />
with, hope and inspiration, but bewildered<br />
and angry. In their endeavor<br />
to rectify- this unfortunate<br />
affair, by requesting the right to administer<br />
their school, the communities<br />
discovered their apprehension is<br />
being used to create a "white back-<br />
1 0<br />
By Da & Uba<br />
lash" by those with "Axe to grind<br />
and fish to fry" .<br />
What's back of all this turmoil,<br />
Uba ? Over a million children and<br />
their parents have become involved<br />
over two schools, one in the <strong>African</strong><br />
communities in Brooklyn and the<br />
other in Harlem?<br />
Uba-The desire for greater profit,<br />
to have and to hold exclusively . However<br />
there comes a time when people<br />
begin to take stock of themselves, to<br />
compare how they were, how they<br />
are and how they tend to be from<br />
present trend.<br />
In the past we had our family,<br />
parental responsibility and bulldog<br />
tenacity to keep together while we<br />
work, watch and wait for the time<br />
when we can change our environment<br />
and thereby our status in line with<br />
our liking. Suddenly we discover a<br />
genocidal design that wrecked our<br />
family, took control of our children,<br />
re-educated them and now feeding<br />
them on dope and alcohol . They are<br />
seen littering the street like flies<br />
while paradoxically our professionals,<br />
unlike other national groups here<br />
.1re silent, akin to treachery.<br />
Uha-Independent leaders of our<br />
communities discovered a peculiar<br />
type of behavior among graduates,<br />
whether they got their training from<br />
the controlled and subjugated schools<br />
or any other . That training places<br />
895 Gates Avenue<br />
Corner Reid Avenue<br />
J. ANDERSON, B.Sc .<br />
Registered Pharmacist, Proprietor<br />
them in a "colonial status", in a<br />
category of messengers, of hero worshippers<br />
of their trainees, rather than<br />
independent leaders of their natural<br />
fellows .<br />
As a matter of fact, they are eonditioned<br />
to shun the mass of the very<br />
people from whence they sprung, to<br />
keep them in substandard status and<br />
to show signs of being honored too.<br />
With those unnatural and damaging<br />
evidcuce, independent leaders have<br />
fortunatelv arisen and are trying to<br />
reverse that mental "twist" . To do<br />
this they are instituting a natural<br />
and therefore healthy form of education<br />
for <strong>African</strong> children, especially<br />
of the primary age to reproduce<br />
young men and women as credit to<br />
society .<br />
Da-The <strong>African</strong> communities re-<br />
spite this, some mysteries developed .<br />
The school boards and administrators<br />
of these communities schools were<br />
jailed for their efforts to reverse a<br />
prevailing dangerous trend . Can you<br />
unravel this mystery, Uba?<br />
Uba---Da, we live in an age of<br />
secrecy . Those modern forces, often<br />
referred to as "Structures", have secret<br />
plans most of which are smelly<br />
and harmful to the rest of mankind .<br />
Biit the plans satisfy their depraved<br />
ycaruings . The strategists at times<br />
begin their action in remote places<br />
to avoid detection and mass opposition<br />
until they reached their planned<br />
position-a fait accompli . Trapped<br />
at that point, the mass have no other<br />
alternative but to unwillingly go<br />
along .<br />
The problems in tlx , two experimental<br />
schools - Oceanhill Brownsville<br />
in Brooklyn and Public School<br />
901 in Harlem- reflect a technique<br />
to force the <strong>African</strong> communities into<br />
righteous indignation over infraction<br />
of their inalienable rights. The<br />
debacle of "Haryou Act" immediately<br />
preceding was another upsetting<br />
tactic .<br />
Aware of our interest in the <strong>African</strong><br />
homeland and our natural reaction<br />
to the attempt at re-occupation<br />
by neo-colonialists, the "Structure"<br />
creates conditions envisaged to keep<br />
our eyes on our centuries of domestic<br />
troubles with the deceiving hope of<br />
change for the better, while they digin<br />
and consolidate their position in<br />
Africa .<br />
Da-Yes, Via, it can be recalled<br />
that for years <strong>African</strong> Nationalists<br />
have been active in the communities<br />
keeping the people informed of the<br />
Homeland affairs . Anticipating a reaction<br />
(similar to that which turn<br />
the LT . N . into a Flanders' Field over<br />
the Murder of Patrice Lumumba) to<br />
the Europeans provocation in Rhodesia,<br />
"Har-you Act" and other setups<br />
were established. And all those<br />
leaders were employed in an attempt<br />
to silence them . The identical method<br />
was used when they deported<br />
Marcus Garvey from the U . S . A .<br />
Every leader of his divisions and<br />
energetic personnel were taken in<br />
public services. Clever moves, were<br />
they not, Uba ?<br />
Uba-Clever ? That's why we are<br />
(Continued, on page 13)<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
AFRICA INVITED BLACK POWER CONFERENCE<br />
Photo : Shows the great road, a link in the Cape to Cairo, which winds its way up<br />
the Rift Escarpment at Chunya in the Southern Highlands Region . The region<br />
contains some of the finest mountains and woodlands in Tanzania, Tanganyika .<br />
The Black Power 11 ovetm nt, a<br />
kind of renaissance quickened by the<br />
wind of change, field its third annual<br />
Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania<br />
in September, 1!)t3S . At this<br />
conclave over 3,000 representatives<br />
cf <strong>African</strong>- Ainericans from all seetions<br />
of America, it was announced<br />
that the government of Tanzania<br />
(formerly Tanganyika) in East Africa<br />
invited the nest conference to<br />
that progressive <strong>African</strong> State .<br />
The leader of the movement is the<br />
controversial Mr. Ron Karengo, an<br />
<strong>African</strong> born in the United States<br />
of America, a Cum Laude graduate<br />
from Los Angeles, California University<br />
with masters degree in languages<br />
- Swahili, Zulu, Arabic,<br />
French, Spanish .<br />
Mr . Karengo - dressed in his <strong>African</strong><br />
clothes, as were the majority<br />
of delegates, men and women in<br />
dashikis, turbans and garments seen<br />
in Guinea, Mali, Sudan, Kenya or<br />
Kongo --- is 27 years old with three<br />
children, all with <strong>African</strong> names, and<br />
who plans to cement a "National<br />
Black United Front ."<br />
Urban Army Proposed<br />
Al(acg with other leaders o£ substaiice<br />
were l)r. Nathan Wright,<br />
chairman ; 1}r . Nathan Hare, Soci-<br />
Olo-v Prrefessor at Harvard University,<br />
dismissed for advocating Africa,<br />
ccnsciousness last year, took active<br />
part in tile Confen, nee.<br />
Among resolutions unanimously<br />
passed was the establishment of an<br />
"urban arm of black men for defense<br />
and aggressive self-defense" to guarantec<br />
:kfrican-Americans' survival .<br />
The invitation to Tanzania might<br />
turn out to be a blessing in disguise .<br />
They might discover why that <strong>African</strong><br />
state established a patrol of 500<br />
young men and women to resist what<br />
they considered to be decadent fort<br />
ign fashions, such as "miniskirts",<br />
"wigs," "skin bleaches" and other<br />
incongruous patterns .<br />
While there too, the leaders of<br />
Plaek Power might feel what freedom<br />
is like, the security of sons at<br />
home and compare it with the problems<br />
encountered by unwantedadcpted<br />
sons outside, a rewarding<br />
experience .
1 2<br />
AFRICA SUMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS<br />
The Assembly of the Organization<br />
of <strong>African</strong> Unity (OAU) convened<br />
its Fifth Ordinary Session in Algiers,<br />
capital of Algeria, September<br />
13th, 1968 and adopted two resolutions.<br />
The first reaffirming stand taken<br />
at the Fourth Session held in Kinshasa,<br />
Kongo in September, 1967 on<br />
the fractricidal war in Nigeria .<br />
That Session delegated five members-the<br />
majority of which believed<br />
to be satelites, not by choice but by<br />
necessity-to go to Nigeria and conduct<br />
fraternal palava, calm the tempers<br />
and bring the belligerents to<br />
their senses at the very moment when<br />
a foreign military alliance sealed its<br />
existence at Pretoria, South Africa,<br />
and begun military operation to take<br />
control of the heart of Africa .<br />
Strangely enough the "Consultative<br />
Committee" went to Nigeria and<br />
consulted with the Lagos Government<br />
and ignored the secessionists in Biafra.<br />
That strange action increased<br />
the tension and unfortunately created<br />
apprehension among some independent<br />
states that presumably caused<br />
them to give recognition to Biafrans,<br />
without malice towards the OAU.<br />
Wiggling in Face of Reality<br />
Nevertheless the Assembly, expresses<br />
concern over the resulting<br />
sufferings and appealed to the Biafrans<br />
to surrender and restore peace<br />
and unity to Nigeria. This having<br />
been accomplished, it recommended<br />
that the Federal State declare a general<br />
amnesty in co-operation with the<br />
(OAU) to ensure physical security<br />
of all until mutual confidence is restored<br />
.<br />
The OAU being young and believed<br />
burdened by indirect imperialists<br />
forces and not yet able to "federalize"<br />
or continentalize the waring<br />
forces in that state understandingly<br />
is painfully concerned.<br />
The second Resolution : after hearing<br />
the case of the "Middle East" ;<br />
re-affirmed its support for the United<br />
Arab Republic and called for the<br />
withdrawal of foreign troops from all<br />
Arab territories occupied since June<br />
5, 1967 . It backs the United Nation's<br />
Security Council Resolution<br />
of November 22nd, 1967 and calls<br />
on all <strong>African</strong> States to press for its<br />
implimentation .<br />
The Council of Ministers, of the<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity, meeting<br />
in its eleventh Ordinary Session<br />
in Algiers, Algeria, from the 4th to<br />
12th of September, 1968, adopted the<br />
following resolutions :<br />
The Council is aware of the gravity<br />
and importance of the problem<br />
of refugees in Africa and desirous<br />
of achieving an <strong>African</strong> solution to<br />
this problem . It recognizes the essentially<br />
humanitarian nature of the<br />
problem and anxious to adopt measures<br />
to improve the living conditions<br />
of the refugees and to help them<br />
lead a normal life, with the assistance<br />
of others . And it expresses<br />
its gratitude to the specialized agencies<br />
and humanitarian organizations<br />
which are extending their generous<br />
aid to refugees in Africa .<br />
Resolution On Namibia<br />
(South West Africa)<br />
1) The Council of Ministers again<br />
strongly reaffirms the right of the<br />
people of Namibia to freedom and<br />
independence in conformity with the<br />
Charter of the Organization of <strong>African</strong><br />
Unity and the U. N. Charter.<br />
2) It . pledges again its total and<br />
unconditional support to the people<br />
of Namibia in their legitimate<br />
struggle .<br />
3) It strongly condemns the South<br />
<strong>African</strong> regime for its persistent refusal<br />
to implement the U. N. resolution<br />
terminating its mandate over<br />
Namibia and for its continued defiance<br />
of world public opinion by<br />
forcing Apartheid on Namibia, under<br />
U. N. responsibility .<br />
5-6) It calls on the U. N. Security<br />
Council once again to see to it that<br />
the U. N. mandate is executed and<br />
further demanded Chapter VII of<br />
the Charter be applied .<br />
(Chapter VII calls for the use of<br />
force ultimately to bring the European<br />
gangsters to their senses .)<br />
7-8) The Ministers call upon all<br />
states dedicated to peace, freedom<br />
and the right to live without fear<br />
and molestation to co-operate with<br />
the OAU and the "U . N. Council for<br />
Namibia" and further call upon the<br />
international community to render<br />
all moral and material assistance directly<br />
through the OAU or to those<br />
who are struggling in Namibia .<br />
Territories Under Portuguese<br />
Domination<br />
The Ministers noting the reports<br />
of the Administrative Secretary-<br />
General of the Liberation Committee<br />
and of the "Committee of Five" on<br />
Angola and recalling the relevent<br />
resolution by the Assembly and the<br />
Ministers, welcomes the progress<br />
achieved by <strong>African</strong> Nationalists in<br />
their legitimate liberation struggle.<br />
It deplores the assistance of all<br />
kinds which Portuguese receives<br />
from its NATO (North Atlantic<br />
Treaty Organization) allies and from<br />
its economic and financial partners .<br />
Gravely concerned at the threats<br />
and acts of aggression constantly<br />
perpetrated by Portugal against the<br />
<strong>African</strong> States adjacent to the territories<br />
under its domination, <strong>African</strong>s<br />
generally are now convinced<br />
that Portuguese crimes against <strong>African</strong>s<br />
cannot be terminated by wishful<br />
thinking.<br />
The Ministers therefore reaffirm<br />
the <strong>African</strong>s' rights of self-preservation<br />
to battle against Portugal's war<br />
of genocide being waged on <strong>African</strong><br />
soil in violation of the U. N. Charter.<br />
Furthermore, resorting to the use of<br />
napalm bombs, poison gases and<br />
other United Nations' prohibited<br />
weapons Portugal's fanatical action<br />
constitutes a threat to international<br />
peace and security.<br />
Extending Provocation Seen<br />
The Council condemns Portugal's<br />
criminal acts of aggression and provocation<br />
against <strong>African</strong> States bordering<br />
foreign occupied territories,<br />
in violation of U. N. resolutions.<br />
And it further vigorously condemns<br />
NATO for its military assistance and<br />
request the NATO nations to stop<br />
backing Portugal's war of genocide<br />
in Africa .<br />
While condemning the unholy al<br />
liance between Portugal and the rac-<br />
(Continued on page 14)<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
(Continued from page 11)<br />
having so much trouble in the world<br />
today . When people found that they<br />
have been deceived, and their existence<br />
stands in jeopardy, trapped<br />
with their backs to the wall, anything<br />
can be expected .<br />
Da-Can you clarify further the<br />
"miss-education" and the results -<br />
keeping <strong>African</strong>s generally in a "colonial<br />
status" and cause our college<br />
trainees to become agents to preside<br />
over our liquidation 9<br />
Uba - During slavery days we<br />
were mentally free, despite the<br />
shackles on our feet . Alien environment<br />
and what it had to offer only<br />
added to our efforts to extricate ourselves<br />
and to return home . With that<br />
mental freedom, leaders like Harriet<br />
Tubman, Pastor Nat Turner, Richard<br />
Allen, Samuel Hopkins, Denmark<br />
Vesey, Paul Cuffe, Samuel J.<br />
Mills and others could then see the<br />
impossibility of any future within<br />
the "pale of the whites" and agitated<br />
for "separation and return to<br />
Africa." They were able to see at<br />
that early stage the coming of the<br />
battle for jobs and directed return<br />
to their land and avoid wrangle over<br />
bread and butter, a minor part of<br />
the present conflict .<br />
Da-TTba, John B . Russwurm, a<br />
college graduate and first editor in<br />
America and Lott Cary, a minister<br />
advocated repatriation too . All of<br />
those leaders, prior to Emancipation<br />
in 1863, rebelled against integration .<br />
How come our present leaders stand<br />
aloof in face of our present predicament<br />
and continue to allow themselves<br />
to execute the designs of those<br />
living in luxury at our expense? For<br />
example every European in Rhodesia<br />
has "an average of two cars" while<br />
the <strong>African</strong> only rags on his back?<br />
Uba-Imposition of citizenship in<br />
name only was a procedure enacted<br />
in 1865 that recaptured the liberated<br />
<strong>African</strong>s, hampered their return to<br />
Africa and kept them as cheap labor<br />
coupled with the pin-down strategy.<br />
To ensure that purpose the science<br />
of brainwashing was applied during<br />
Reconstruction Days and continued<br />
to this day . To counteract the brainwashing,<br />
the liberated teachers and<br />
community school administrators<br />
found themselves ambushed, under<br />
fi re .<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Da-Do you think the brainwashing<br />
brought about the mental "twist"<br />
that caused our graduates and natural<br />
leaders to remain silent in our<br />
dilemma? Aren't they masters in<br />
history, psychology, mathematics, all<br />
pre-requisite for graduation, and<br />
place them in a position to see beyond<br />
the veil? Then something must<br />
he wrong when we find the majority<br />
of our professionals with alien wives,<br />
by-passing their tribal sisters . What's<br />
going on here, Uba ?<br />
Uba-Yanked away from their innate<br />
indigenous freedom, they fell<br />
prey to alien retaliation if and when<br />
they became concerned over our misery<br />
and even afraid to lend token<br />
encouragement to the braves who<br />
plunged out for liberation . The<br />
Rhody McCoys, the Reverend Olivers,<br />
the Spencers et all are trying to<br />
remedy the situation and to reproduce<br />
responsible leaders who like<br />
Congressman Adam C. Powell, can<br />
stand like Jews, Irish, Polish and<br />
others even in Congress and adequately<br />
represent the people who support<br />
them without fear or favor.<br />
Da-In meaningful parades like<br />
those of Marcus Garvey, not one of<br />
our prominent <strong>African</strong> - American<br />
leaders took part, no unit of <strong>African</strong>-<br />
American police, no <strong>African</strong>-American<br />
unit from the National Guard<br />
participated . But on "St . Patrick's<br />
Dav" we see Irish-Americans from<br />
all branches-army, navy and other<br />
Government services in line of march<br />
headed by a prominent Irish-American,<br />
a Postmaster General, etc . On<br />
"Columbus Day" the same pattern<br />
prevails with Italian-Americans<br />
headed by perhaps a political leader<br />
in front. On "Pulaski Day", Polish<br />
leaders and rank and file are prominently<br />
dressed in the garb of the<br />
mother country. With these pictures<br />
in evidence, does it not show that a<br />
conspiracy is existing against <strong>African</strong>-Americans,<br />
all things considered,<br />
Uba?<br />
Uba-There is no doubt about it .<br />
The blueprint is there for all to see.<br />
And while we waste time moving one<br />
block of alienation, we run into<br />
greater blocks, one after the other.<br />
These stumbling blocks are purposely<br />
erected to keep us barricaded in<br />
dream land to permit the Europeans<br />
in South Africa, South West Africa,<br />
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Angola, Mozambique sufficient time<br />
to digin, consolidate and annihilate<br />
our brothers there and strengthen the<br />
"Free world", you understand?<br />
The mineral wealth of the <strong>African</strong><br />
continent, the tropical climate with<br />
its four crops per year are the coveted<br />
handsome profit discovered and that<br />
is behind all, our problems in the<br />
Americas. It is military strategy to<br />
divide an enemy- ; pin-down each part<br />
and reduce each simultaneouslv .<br />
Da-Uba, at this time we are hearing<br />
some strange names thrown at<br />
us here. They call us "negroes", not<br />
<strong>African</strong>s ; blacks, not <strong>African</strong>s ; the<br />
95% <strong>African</strong>s on the continent,<br />
Western leaders and press are calling<br />
them "Black-<strong>African</strong>s", "Black-<br />
Rhodesians", - leaving of course the<br />
inference that only the few whites<br />
in Africa are "The <strong>African</strong>s" . Is<br />
this a threat, Uba ?<br />
Uba-This is not a threat ; it is<br />
war, a cold war . The dye is already<br />
cast . Remember the declaration that<br />
"Africa is a vacuum, an empty continent",<br />
"the greatest prize on<br />
Earth?" Do you know what those<br />
implied? Forget your fatherland and<br />
you seal your doom .<br />
Da-What do you think of a few<br />
of our brothers here in America asking<br />
for 5 states in the American<br />
Union for their own rule, calling<br />
them "black States", Uba ?<br />
Uba-That is only another diversion<br />
directed by the profiteers who<br />
are aware of the oil in the Sahara,<br />
iron ore in abundance, uranium, etc.,<br />
a well watered continent that they<br />
called "the bread basket of the<br />
world." Remember : "What is good<br />
for the goose is good for the gander ."<br />
1 3
(Continued from page, 12)<br />
ist minority regimes in South Africa<br />
and Rhodesia, with designs to perpetually<br />
occupy the southern part of<br />
Africa, a step to further expansion,<br />
the Council of Ministers calls upon<br />
the Member States of the Organization<br />
of <strong>African</strong> Unity to grant additional<br />
material assistance to the<br />
Liberation Mov°ment to enable them<br />
to restore the economy and organize<br />
the lives of the population of the<br />
liberated areas .<br />
It also directs the <strong>African</strong> represcutatives<br />
at the U. N. to push for<br />
mandatory sanctions against those<br />
disturbing the peace and tranquility<br />
of Africa and appeal for moral and<br />
material assistance to those engaged<br />
in expelling gangsterism from <strong>African</strong><br />
soil. And finally the Council<br />
congratulates the <strong>African</strong> Nationalists<br />
on their continued progress in<br />
the battle for the liberation of their<br />
occupied areas and calls on them to<br />
maintain good relations with all<br />
states of Organization of <strong>African</strong><br />
Unity and not to fall victims to any<br />
gesture of the enemy nor his agents .<br />
(Continued in next issue)<br />
(Continued from page 2)<br />
colonialism imposed upon them by the oppressors in<br />
Pretoria .<br />
Council to Administer Without Teeth<br />
The argument is often ventilated that one of the<br />
essential requirements for political independence should<br />
be economic viability- . This argument . . . is not one<br />
that can be used against Namibia . Namibia is a large<br />
territory of 318,261 square miles with a . pleasant moderate<br />
climate . . . suitable for stock farming and its<br />
stock population for 1963 was estimated at 2.5 million<br />
for large stock and 5 million for small stock .<br />
When resolution of 27th October, 1966 was adopted<br />
revoking South Africa's mandate over the territory,<br />
South Africa's spokesman Muller, issued threats from<br />
this very rostrum against the United Nations if it<br />
attempted to take over Namibia . Because of the divisive<br />
tendencies and self-interest that are so rampant<br />
in the composition of the United Nations, our response<br />
to South Africa's defiance was far from being decisive<br />
let alone categorical.<br />
Unshaken by Pretoria's obstinacy, the fifth special<br />
session adopted resolution May 19th, 1967, which set<br />
up the eleven Member United Nations Council for<br />
Namibia with clear terms to administer the territory<br />
until independence . Once again the spokesman of the<br />
apartheid regime mounted this rostrum and defiantly<br />
stated in clear terms that his Government would use<br />
whatever -means were necessary to prevent the newly<br />
1 4<br />
THINGS WORTH NOTING<br />
ALGERIA AFFIRMS SUPORT<br />
In a nationwide address marking<br />
the 14th Anniversary of Algeria's<br />
uprising against French rule, Algerian<br />
President, Ilouari Boumedienne<br />
said that the only honorable<br />
way for Palestinians to recover their<br />
dignity is to go to the battlefield<br />
against Israel colonialism .<br />
The President also paid tribute to<br />
Algerian troops stationed along the<br />
Suez Canal in Egypt .<br />
Severeal foreign and Arab ministerial<br />
delegations arrived in Algiers<br />
for the three-day celebrations highlighted<br />
by a military parade.<br />
* :x<br />
ARAB STRUGGLE PRAISED<br />
Speaking at a military parade to<br />
mark the Fourth Anniversary of the<br />
overthrow of the Sudanese military<br />
regime, Sudanese Prime Minister<br />
i1Iohainmed Mahgoub declared that,<br />
"it is now clear there is no peaceful<br />
schiticrn fo- the iUliddle East crises ."<br />
I-le reiterated Sudan's support for<br />
Palestinian military action and added,<br />
"I greet all Palestinian Libera-<br />
tion Organizations and praise their<br />
armed struggle."<br />
Mahgoub blamed the United States<br />
for contributing to the crisis by<br />
opc ning negotiations on the supply<br />
of Phantom jets to Israel .<br />
Reviewing the situation in South<br />
Sudan, the Prime Minister announced<br />
that a ministerial committee<br />
has been formed to implement new<br />
social and economic projects in the<br />
south . (Arab News & Reviews)<br />
HEAR STRANGE ACCUSATION<br />
Black people, of all people, are being<br />
called anti-semites . Is this convenient<br />
strategy to arouse mob psychology?<br />
Or is it just a fabrication<br />
with malice afore thought or the<br />
technique of accusing and abusing a<br />
fricndly and co-operative people, always<br />
victimized as a whole for the<br />
sins of a single person here in<br />
America?<br />
Who are the Semites, in the first<br />
place? The Arabs claim that they<br />
are the Semites and the majority of<br />
Arabs are black people. To be Anti-<br />
Semitic therefore is to be anti-black,<br />
or anticolored, a strange accusation<br />
indeed .<br />
formed Council from taking over Namibia . Similarly,<br />
South Africa's note of 27th September, 1967, addressed<br />
to the S- cretary-General reaffirmed South Africa's disregard<br />
for the decisions of the United Nations and for<br />
world public opinion .<br />
"Tongue in Cheek" U. N. Demand Withdrawal<br />
Untbwarted by South Africa's threats and determined<br />
to explore peaceful solutions, the Council for<br />
Namibia decided on 30th March, 1968, to proceed to<br />
the territory in fulfillment of its mandate of last year.<br />
Once again South Africa's defiant voice was heard.<br />
Denial of landing clearance to any plane chartered by<br />
the Council and threats of possible aggressive action<br />
against the Council, if it entered Namibia emanated<br />
from Pretoria. Thus South Africa repudiated with impunity<br />
General Assembly resolution of 16th December,<br />
1967, in which the Assembly called upon the Pretoria<br />
authorities "to withdraw from the, territory of Namibia<br />
unconditionally and without delay all its military and<br />
police forces and its administration . . . . ."<br />
The resolution further declared that : - ". . . . the<br />
continued presence of South <strong>African</strong> authorities in<br />
Namibia is a flagrant violation of its territorial integrity<br />
and international status as determined by<br />
General Assembly resolution . This big question must<br />
be asked :<br />
Why does South Africa flout the decisions<br />
of this organizaion with impunity?<br />
NATO Supports South Africa<br />
My delegation strongly believes that without the<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
massive support - moral, political, financial and<br />
military - which Pretoria receives from its allies of<br />
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, South Africa,<br />
already an international outcast, would not defy the<br />
ever growing <strong>African</strong> resistance, world opinion and<br />
decisions of this organization . South Africa's military<br />
expenditure increased from $62 million in 1960 to $409<br />
million in 1968 .<br />
I must stress, however, that these figures derived<br />
from official South <strong>African</strong> sources do not include<br />
spending on the police . These are the startling figures<br />
spent, by the Pretoria regime with the blessings of their<br />
NATO allies to commit indescribable acts of genocide<br />
against the people of Namibia . The Western Powers<br />
must be singled out for censure and condemnation for<br />
aiding and abetting South <strong>African</strong> racists .<br />
The famous terrorism trial evoked world attention<br />
and condemnation from the United Nations, churches,<br />
emminent jurists, and editorial columus all over the<br />
world . This was because it was the first mass indictment<br />
of 31 Namibian nationals following the termination<br />
of South Africa's mandate by the United Nations,<br />
and the United Nations assumption of responsibility<br />
for Namibia .<br />
Jungle Law Is Pretoria's<br />
It was condemned also because the Terrorism Act<br />
was ex post facto legislation especially enacted by the<br />
South <strong>African</strong> Parliament to apply to Namibia. It is<br />
probable that only the pressure of world opinion saved<br />
some of the defendants from the death chambers, and<br />
yet the sentences were severe. An unknown number<br />
of Namibians have been<br />
_<br />
detained under the Terrorism<br />
Act .<br />
The legal question is phrased as to whether or not<br />
the Supreme Court in Pretoria has "jurisdiction to<br />
inquire into or pronounce upon the validity of Terrorism<br />
Act in so far as they purport to apply to the<br />
mandated territory of Namibia" .<br />
As is well known, the Security Council condemned<br />
the Terrorism Trial on 14th March, 1968 in the following<br />
terms :-<br />
" . . . . the continued detention and trial and<br />
subsequent sentencing of the Namibians constitutes<br />
an illegal act and flagrant violation<br />
of Human Rights, and the international<br />
status of the territory now under direct<br />
United Nations control ."<br />
As yet the Security Council has not dealt responsibly<br />
with the whole question of application of the General<br />
Assembly resolution of 1966 which established the<br />
United Nations as the administering Power in<br />
Namibia. In the absence of such effective action South<br />
Africa continues to deepen her control over the<br />
territory.<br />
While Africa Protests, Gangsters Act<br />
The "Development of Self-Government for Native<br />
Nations in South West Africa Bill" was enacted by<br />
the Parliament of South Africa on 6th June, 1968 .<br />
The so-called "Native Nations" are bantustans, fragmenting<br />
the country. The first of these, Ovamboland<br />
in the North has already been established, and its<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
so-called Parliament met on 17th October, 1968 .<br />
The latest measure in the extension of apartheid in<br />
Namibia zvas to force 8,000 inhabitants of the old<br />
location in Windhoek, Capital of the territory to move<br />
from their homes to a new township of Katutura .<br />
After a nine year resistance, nearly all these defenceless<br />
people were forced out last September, although<br />
it was acknowledged that Katutura did not have adequate<br />
housing for them .<br />
Many of these people had to seek refuge in impoverished<br />
rural reserves. Each continuing step toward<br />
destruction of Namibia and its incorporation into<br />
South Africa--trials, appeals, dispossession, fragmentation<br />
into "Native Nations" must surely arouse the<br />
attention of the great Powers who have to date refused<br />
even to serve on, the Council for Namibia.<br />
The Triple Alliance Consolidated<br />
Apartheid has found its allies in the colonial policies<br />
of Portugal and Britain . The Lisbon-Pretoria-Salisbury<br />
axis has been consolidated to give new props to the<br />
South <strong>African</strong> Government and to strengthen the basis<br />
of the minority regimes in Rhodesia, Angola, and'<br />
Mozambique .<br />
With this strength, massive campaigns of psychological<br />
warfare have been mounted with full forceparticularly<br />
in Western Capitals, not only to defend<br />
apartheid, but to undermine the efforts of all men ofgood-will<br />
the world over who are trying to bring about<br />
a just and lasting solution for all human beings in<br />
that area .<br />
The spectre of a racial conflict on a global scale and<br />
the consequences for the world cannot but be frightening<br />
to all peace loving nations. Apartheid as applied<br />
in Namibia and South Africa is thus a dangerousrationalisation<br />
of an instrument protectionist in purpose,<br />
but defeatist in fact and destructive in the final<br />
result.<br />
We Await Security Council's Answer<br />
Lastly, I appeal to all the major trading partners<br />
of South Africa, to discontinue their present policies<br />
and to assume a more humane posture towards the<br />
people of Namibia. Zambia is irrevocably committed<br />
to the total and unconditional liberation of Namibia:<br />
IVe shall continue to sustain the struggle of the people<br />
of Namibia until final victory is achieved. No amount<br />
of file power will stop the determined people of-<br />
Namibia from attaining their independence.<br />
We call upon the Security Council to take firm and<br />
unrelenting measures to ensure South Africa's expulsion<br />
from Namibia . A player's .refusal to abide by therules<br />
of the game cannot be condoned. The sooner such<br />
measures are adopted the better for humanity as a<br />
whole . Further delays and procrastination can and will<br />
only add fuel to the already explosive situation.<br />
This organization cannot and should not allow innocent<br />
citizens of Namibia to suffer at the hands of a<br />
few Power hungry racists . My country has played<br />
and will actively continue to play its role, both within<br />
the framework of the Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity<br />
and that of the United Nations until Namibia is free<br />
and independent .<br />
157
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<strong>African</strong><br />
pinion<br />
X341 S . ~CJRc;HE~~~F . .<br />
c~~c~s~, ~~un~~s ~~~~<br />
49350<br />
May-June, 1989 What does gun on campus reveal?<br />
BACK TO AFRICA<br />
QUEST BEFORE<br />
CON6RESS<br />
SOUTN WEST<br />
AFRICANS FACE<br />
EXTINCTION<br />
By PETER KATJAYIVI<br />
By DA & UBA
BACK TO AFRICA QUEST IN CONGRESS<br />
At the request of "<strong>African</strong>-American<br />
Repatriation Association'', a<br />
Philadelphia b a s e d Organization,<br />
Representative Robert N. C. Nix,<br />
an <strong>African</strong>-1~merican submitted "Bill<br />
H R 896" in Congress. The Bill requests<br />
the enactment of legislation<br />
that will provide assistance to those<br />
citizens of <strong>African</strong> descent who desire<br />
to move to Africa to live.<br />
Other representations to Congress<br />
I<br />
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~R~ ~o~n~o~o~o~~o~a~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~o~o~y<br />
2<br />
PAN AFRICAN STUDENTS<br />
ORGANIZATION IN THE AMERICAS,<br />
SUMMER CHARTER to EAST and WEST AFRICA - Round Trip<br />
Leaves New York August 4th returns September 2nd, 1969<br />
CHARTER SPONSORED BY THE NIGERIAN STUDENTS UNION IN THE<br />
AMERICAS,<br />
$430 Round Trip .<br />
342 MADISON AVENUE<br />
VISIT NIGERIA, WHERE OLD AND NEW MIX<br />
INC. Leaves August 6th - Returns September 6, 1969.<br />
AFRICA<br />
-J ourist ~ -Jrave C/~t~ertet~<br />
Room 338<br />
Phone: 867-6755<br />
from farces in Chicago, California<br />
and i~Tew Fork for the same purpose<br />
are all reported to have united behind<br />
the one bill introduced by 1\Ir .<br />
Nix .<br />
The request for Government assistance<br />
is but a token compensation,<br />
better known Reparation for aver<br />
300 years of slave labor and damages<br />
done, to the <strong>African</strong> nationals in the<br />
United States. It is a fraction in<br />
- $430<br />
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017<br />
HANDLE ALSO YOUR TRAVEL PLANS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD ;<br />
INCLUDING THE U . S . A.<br />
comparison to reparation paid to the<br />
Philippines far minor damages during<br />
World War II.<br />
Unfinished Business of<br />
Long Standing<br />
The present move is the extension<br />
of a chain of efforts on the part of<br />
these people to return to the land of<br />
their origin . It began a wav back<br />
in 1619 when the. "Good Ship ~Jesns"<br />
dropped them off at Jamestawn, ~'irginia.<br />
And the wisdom of returning<br />
them was before the American peo-~<br />
ple since Thomas Jefferson to the<br />
present .<br />
Under President James 1flonroe<br />
however an opening was made that<br />
culminated in the establishment of<br />
Liberia but was pramptly terminated<br />
far motives revealed to have been<br />
ulterior in nature. As a result of<br />
the stoppage, frustration and dissatisfaction<br />
developed and continued, and<br />
have been plaglzing America since<br />
then.<br />
To pacify and to contain the <strong>African</strong>s'<br />
demands many strange and<br />
awkward suggestions were made .<br />
Same would have sent the <strong>African</strong>s<br />
to Haiti, to Central America, to<br />
Alaska, the Indies and every other<br />
place under the. sun except to Africa,<br />
the land from which they were taken<br />
and the land to which they have been<br />
battling to return, a strange paradox<br />
and provocative at that .<br />
Bills Submitted and Shelved<br />
Two Bills identical in nature an
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Journal of<br />
Independent Thoughts and Expression<br />
Vul . 9 MAY-JUNE, 1969 Nos . I & 2<br />
Jas . L . Brown .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Editor and Manager<br />
Victor G. Cohen .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . Associate Editor<br />
H. Cumberbatch . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . Associate Editor<br />
Gladys P . Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor<br />
Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a<br />
Mboya Shown "Like It Is"<br />
Py James T.eopald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Published bi-monthly by <strong>African</strong> Picture & Information<br />
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Personal Pride and Community<br />
AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th<br />
Established 1963<br />
by<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity (OAU)<br />
ti~<br />
The Black Man's<br />
HOLIDAY<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE May 25th of Each Year<br />
Portrait On Caver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =4 THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN<br />
Pack To Africa Quest In Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAY<br />
We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of<br />
<strong>African</strong> descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal,<br />
etc ., for Mutual 'Observance of :<br />
' Day<br />
.<br />
What Does Gun On Campus Reveal ?<br />
P,y 1)a ~ Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 25th - All <strong>African</strong><br />
South West Arfieans Faco Extinction<br />
Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loudl<br />
Py Peter Katjavivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
U N I A & <strong>African</strong> Communities Leagwe<br />
Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ethiopian World Federation, Inc<br />
Society of <strong>African</strong> Descendants, Inc .<br />
For The Sake Of Thase That Come . . . . . . . . . 14 Our Families Protection Association,<br />
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)<br />
Inc .<br />
Items of General Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 <strong>African</strong>-American Teachers Association<br />
Harlem Labor Union<br />
Notice : On account of re-organization of the business<br />
management, no issue was published since the January-<br />
February number. This does not affect the number<br />
of copies due on the yearly subscription .<br />
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<strong>African</strong> World Wide Survey<br />
LETTERS<br />
Dear Sir :<br />
I have read only one copy of the<br />
<strong>African</strong> <strong>Opinion</strong> and was deeply impressed<br />
.<br />
If possible, I would like very much<br />
to become a regular subscriber .<br />
J. Brown<br />
Chicago, Ill .<br />
Dear Mr. Editor :<br />
Please send me a year subscription<br />
to the <strong>African</strong> <strong>Opinion</strong>. Yott have<br />
a very good magazine ; it is the anl~~<br />
bridge between <strong>African</strong>s and Afi~i.can-Americans<br />
on the level of communication<br />
.<br />
Sincerely yours,<br />
M. Jones<br />
Chicago, Ill.<br />
Dear Sir<br />
Please find enclosed my gayment<br />
for <strong>African</strong> <strong>Opinion</strong>, annual subscription<br />
($1.50) . I always enjoyed<br />
your magazine very much. I hope<br />
you always remain cooperative.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
A. Amyach<br />
Georgia, U. S .A .<br />
Best Wishes<br />
ALL-AFRICAN CULTURAL<br />
FESTIVAL<br />
Schedule for Jnly, 196J<br />
The "Organization of <strong>African</strong><br />
Unity First All-<strong>African</strong> Cultural<br />
Festival" is scheduled to begin nn<br />
July 21, to August 1, 196Q at Algiers,<br />
Algeria.<br />
The festival will concern itself<br />
with <strong>African</strong> Drama, traditional anal<br />
modern, <strong>African</strong> music, dance, tr~th-tional<br />
performances, slang with eYhibitians<br />
of works of art and sctalptnres,<br />
written works, pc ;et readings,<br />
etc ., and performances by invited<br />
artists .<br />
Only <strong>African</strong> works will be elib<br />
ible far entry in each of the cultural<br />
sections .<br />
Booklets for details an the Festival<br />
may be secured from the "Organization<br />
of <strong>African</strong> Unity", 211 East<br />
43rd Street, New Yark City.<br />
Since the Festival is an All-<strong>African</strong><br />
project it goes without saying<br />
it will be opened to all <strong>African</strong>s regardless<br />
of place of birth, and enrich<br />
the event with their numerous talents .<br />
The Entire Membership and Officers<br />
the<br />
JAMAICAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION<br />
141 WEST 119th STREET<br />
of<br />
INC.<br />
NEW YORK, N . Y. 10026<br />
- On Liberation Day, May 25th -<br />
Wish Our Bro+hers and Sisters in Africa the very Bes+ of Co-opera+ion<br />
and Par+ioipa+ion in Their Progress throughout the Coming Years .<br />
A . SAMUEL RASHFORD, Presiden+<br />
MRS . MINNETTE STEWART, Vice-Presiden+<br />
MISS LETTIE BONITTO, Secretary<br />
d<br />
THE COVER PORTRAIT<br />
Picture above, a scene in Jerusalem, the<br />
Holy Land, ~at which Mrs. Samad "discovered<br />
the real and not the Europeonized<br />
Madonna and the Child as she had<br />
been accustomed seeing all her life ."<br />
Shows Mrs . Marianne Samad, a<br />
school teacher and also the directress<br />
of the "Sankore Nubian Cultural<br />
Work Shop, Inc." at 2140 Madison<br />
Avenue, New York City.<br />
Mrs. Samad has just returned<br />
from a tour, stopping at such places<br />
as Senegal, Ghana, Liberia, in Africa,<br />
Jerusalem (The Holy Land),<br />
Greece, Rome, Paris and back to the<br />
United States.<br />
VO~hile in Liberia, her father flew<br />
from Sierra Leone to meet his daughter<br />
whom he had not seen for over<br />
32 years . It was a pleasant reunion<br />
of father and daughter . In Jerusalem,<br />
she is seen pointing to the<br />
"Original Madonna and Child" .<br />
She reported that Africa is a<br />
beautiful place, the place that her<br />
renowned, patriotic and devoted<br />
mother, Mrs . Alice Allman, labored<br />
tirelessly to liberate while Secretary<br />
of the "Universal <strong>African</strong> Nationalist<br />
Movement."<br />
Mrs . Samad, like her mother has<br />
vowed to enlighten the rest of her<br />
kinsmen and the world as to the contribution<br />
<strong>African</strong>s made to the rest<br />
of mankind.<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
Tom Mboya, a minister in the<br />
Kenya Government was presumably<br />
dragged into the <strong>African</strong> Community<br />
of Harlem, New Yark City, to announce<br />
the scheme that his abductors<br />
were unable to put aver themselves .<br />
Appearing recently at the Shamburg<br />
Collection of the Public Library,<br />
the only institution in Harlem<br />
of genuine substance, housing material<br />
reflecting the works of <strong>African</strong>s<br />
the world over, Mr. 1~Iboya was rudely<br />
but fortunately brought to his<br />
senses when he told a packed audience<br />
of brothers and sisters a kind<br />
of fiction that only a pharoah may"<br />
be able to interpret.<br />
The disappointed and infuriated<br />
brothers here who were not already"<br />
killed or jailed for promoting <strong>African</strong><br />
Liberation taught the farmer<br />
promising brother a lesson, it is<br />
hoped, he might never forget.<br />
It all started when the <strong>African</strong><br />
brother startled his joyful sisters and<br />
brothers by repeating the familiar<br />
stereotypes of the neo-calanists that<br />
"they must not run away to Africa ;<br />
they should stay and fight for their<br />
rights."<br />
Pandemonium Broke Loose<br />
As if by magic or mystery the<br />
pleasant mood was suddenly and beligerently<br />
reversed. It was like flashing<br />
a red flag before the eyes of a<br />
bull. Pandemonium broke loose and<br />
Mboya was rescued only by a regiment<br />
of policemen quickly rushed to<br />
the scene.<br />
The <strong>African</strong> World looked with<br />
great hope when Mr . Mboya, then<br />
aged 26, came into prominence as<br />
chairman of "The All-<strong>African</strong> Peoples<br />
Conference" called in Accra,<br />
Ghana by the outstanding statesman,<br />
President Kwame Nkrumah in 1958 .<br />
While visiting the United States<br />
in 1959 Mr. Mboya among other<br />
things made the following important<br />
statement<br />
"Another point I ynust stress," he<br />
said, "Black-Americans have beentold<br />
they are not wanted in Africa .<br />
This is deliberate erroneous propsganda.<br />
You may came home whenever<br />
you like ; Africa is yo~cr heritage<br />
. You are wanted and needed,"<br />
he added.<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Mbora Shown "Like<br />
By James Leopold<br />
Tom Mboya of Kenya<br />
Since then it now comes to light<br />
a colony of whites exists in genya,<br />
along with those in Rhodesia, South<br />
Africa, South West Africa, Angola,<br />
i~Tazambique and Asmara in Ethiopia,<br />
back door returning entrances .<br />
<strong>African</strong>ization Opposed<br />
Recently a statesman member of<br />
the Kenya Parliament introduced a<br />
measure to legally grant <strong>African</strong><br />
Citizenship to <strong>African</strong>s abroad, those<br />
residing in the United States and the<br />
Caribbean . That step ran into opposition,<br />
although a healthy step for<br />
an under-developed continent.<br />
Nat long after a parallel paradox<br />
occurred . The Government of Guyana<br />
called on all Guyanese who are<br />
American citizens and residing in the<br />
United States of America, to vote in<br />
her last Guyana national election,<br />
and it is reported many did .<br />
At the height of Marcus Garvey's<br />
<strong>African</strong> Redemption Movement, and<br />
the establishment of the "Black Star<br />
Line Shipping Company", a part of<br />
the industrial set-up, a "Princess<br />
Koffi" was similarly brought in from<br />
West Africa to oppose the shipping<br />
venture.<br />
Exposure Brings Enlightenment<br />
The "Princess" gained entrance to<br />
a church in a Southern State and<br />
while castigating the black man's ef-<br />
It "s"<br />
farts to help himself, she was dunned<br />
down in the pulpit by person unknown.<br />
These incidents of course are regrettable<br />
on the grounds that since<br />
Tahn Gunther described Africa as<br />
the "Greatest Prize on Earth." It is<br />
consequently surrounded and kept in<br />
darkness to permit imperialists entrenchment<br />
. The trigger man undoubtedly<br />
was not in a frame of<br />
mind ar unable to rationalize the situation,<br />
with the eloquence of the imperialist<br />
agent and therefore acted.<br />
Indications have shown that <strong>African</strong>s<br />
abroad, with their backs to the<br />
wall, nevertheless possess a genuine<br />
feeling of brotherhood for these<br />
similarly situated at home. And they<br />
became irritated aver those who they<br />
thought should know better complying<br />
with the common enemy by making<br />
statements detrimental to both.<br />
When the messengers of others or<br />
prisoners of war come and tell the<br />
well prepared brothers not to come<br />
and help them battle for their life,<br />
something is definitely wrong, and efforts<br />
for mutual preservation should<br />
be vigorously increased and pursued .<br />
FALASHA<br />
AFRIKAN<br />
HUT<br />
Selling<br />
DRUMS<br />
BAGS<br />
CARVINGS<br />
JEWELRY<br />
AFRIKAN ATTIRE and CLOTHES<br />
BOOKS<br />
Everything from Africa<br />
1156 FULTON STREET<br />
BROOKLYN, N. Y.<br />
(Near Franklyn Ave.)<br />
Phone : 783-8771<br />
5
(G'ontinzced from page 2)<br />
known as the "Greater Liberia Bill" .<br />
Like the "Bilboe Bill", the "Longer<br />
Bill" too went the way of the flesh<br />
to the disappointment and irritations<br />
of millions who sought the inalienable<br />
right of self-determination !-o<br />
peacefully return to the land from<br />
which they were removed in chains .<br />
Now Comes the Nix Bill<br />
And now, "again and again and<br />
again", comes the "Vix Bill-H TL<br />
8965" embodying in essence the same<br />
purpose as the previous two . It<br />
tames at a time when a chronic j ok~less<br />
population existed, created by au<br />
efficient automation . It comes at a<br />
time of burdensome taxation and an<br />
increasing population of pour and<br />
hunger.<br />
And not only that, but it comes<br />
during the shrewd building up of a<br />
"white backlash", not without calculatcd<br />
intention . The aftermath therefore,<br />
in those troublesome times,<br />
should compel the Congress to view<br />
the logic of this new Bill .<br />
America with two outstanding and<br />
unfortunate records-the exterminss-<br />
Photo : Mr. Mustafa Hashim, President<br />
of the "<strong>African</strong>-American Repatriation<br />
Association ."<br />
tion of the Indians, the atomic bombing<br />
of J apan along with the reported<br />
killings in Vietnam, to insure selfdeterminatian<br />
of South Vietnam,<br />
ought not to close her eyes and ears<br />
to the centuries of appeals to assist<br />
those who seek self-determination in<br />
other parts of the world .<br />
Accustomed Opposition Appearing<br />
Already, before the bill comes np<br />
far consideration, a part of the Press<br />
begins to question the wisdom of the<br />
lslack man's moves . The decision here<br />
is an indigenous matter and as sncis<br />
is not open to question, since the<br />
"white man's burden" is said to be<br />
dead and buried.<br />
As the proceedissg developed, it is<br />
expected that those picl:ed leaders<br />
with no indigenous mass following,<br />
will as usual be instructed to oppose<br />
the move .<br />
The promoters of the steps to<br />
change their present domicile i n<br />
search of a way of life better suited<br />
to their own likings, request every<br />
one to support the Bill H R 896~i<br />
by writing to their respective Congressmen<br />
and Senators, requesting<br />
them to support the Bill, not for<br />
themselves but for you .<br />
The <strong>African</strong>-American Repatriation<br />
Assn . at : 5119 Chestnut Street,<br />
Philadelphia, Pa . 19139 . Telephone<br />
GR 4-5200, request concerned persons<br />
to keep in touch .<br />
1+~v~w~w~wiEV~w~~ - . . - . . . - . . ~ ~ . . ~w~w~w~w~w~w!Ev.~<br />
Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on a massive Educational<br />
Development Program.<br />
Shortage in trained manpower is due<br />
former colonial administration .<br />
to restricted educational policies of the<br />
The Ministry of Education now invites concerned Teachers from outside, of all<br />
levels and in all fields from primary to teacher training, technical training,<br />
etc .<br />
Larger in area than France, Czechoslovakia and Denmark combined with four<br />
million people, Zambia pays the highest salaries in Africa .<br />
Tropical, Pleasant Climate . Zambia opens the door for Concerned men and women,<br />
even with limited qualifications, to a happy valley among anxious youths .<br />
For booklet on : Teaching and Living in Zambia<br />
Apply to : Educational Attache<br />
Zambian Embassy<br />
1875 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.<br />
Washington, D. C.<br />
(This spare supplied by <strong>African</strong> Picture Fs Information Service)<br />
C<br />
C<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
Da-Uba, a lot of strange and unbelievable<br />
things are seen and heard<br />
today, things that do not look nor<br />
sound real but tern out to be true.<br />
It is revealed that college stndents<br />
unite themselves into "Students For<br />
a Democratic Society" and into other<br />
groupings and are disrupting the<br />
standards of long standing .<br />
~~'hat da vau make ant of all the<br />
confusion ort~ the university campuses<br />
throughout the land ?<br />
Uba- Da, before a student admitted<br />
to the school of higher learning,<br />
he or she must have a ground<br />
knowledge of the arts and sciences<br />
from the elementary, immediate, and<br />
higlx schools . The university thc-u<br />
breaks apart, go into details of all<br />
the formulas and other symbols and<br />
show their relations to other things<br />
and help the stndents to go .from<br />
there.<br />
In other words, as the upcoming<br />
leaders of Soeietv, the college arms<br />
them with what ~is known and free<br />
thorn to co~ntintte things as they are<br />
or change them to insure another way<br />
of life that tends to insure security<br />
and happiness of mankind.<br />
Da-T3ut Uba, the "Students far<br />
a Democratic Society" (SDS) is in<br />
rebellion. What da they mean by<br />
calling themselves a "Democratic Society"<br />
when they live in a Democracy<br />
in existence for centuries ?<br />
Uba-Well, the possibility is, they<br />
might have discovered that preaching<br />
FREE !<br />
NEW YORK CITY<br />
IN ALL BOROUGHS<br />
Prepare for a Postal Career (Clerk-Carrier)<br />
Minimum Age 17<br />
Maximum Age 70<br />
Wages approx. $2 .80 per Hour<br />
Sponsored by<br />
THE SOCIETY OF AFRO-AMERICAN<br />
POSTAL EMPLOYEES<br />
and<br />
THE AFRICAN AMERICAN TEACHERS ASSN .<br />
To Register Call 212 789-3700<br />
Victor Price<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
What Does Gun On Campus Reveal<br />
CLASSES<br />
REMEMBER THE FREEDOM<br />
FIGHTERS<br />
IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,<br />
RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA<br />
democracy and practicing democracy<br />
do rat add up and they move to do<br />
something abort it, to serve a better<br />
life . The. fact that many members<br />
of the faculty, are giving aid and<br />
comfort to the students, indicates<br />
something is wrong and those students<br />
na doubt have discovered it .<br />
Da-It is said that in Czarist Russia<br />
every college graduate was assigned<br />
two policemen to guard him .<br />
Naw, in these days with adding, calculating<br />
and other technical machines<br />
operating, do yon think it<br />
makes good sense to produce a lot<br />
of college graduates with heads fall<br />
of knowledge, Uba ?<br />
Uba-At a time like this when are<br />
man can turn a switch, or push a<br />
button and set the world on fire, I<br />
"wonder as a I wands" .<br />
Du-We notice <strong>African</strong> Students,<br />
citizens of the United States, are rebelling<br />
too. They are demanding<br />
<strong>African</strong> Culture, <strong>African</strong> studies,<br />
with <strong>African</strong> instructors and <strong>African</strong><br />
language be offered in the schools,<br />
since the power structure instigated<br />
a program of integration .<br />
FREE!<br />
GREETINGS<br />
By DA & UBA<br />
~IIIIIli111[~I~IIIIII~iI1lI»<br />
ON AFRICAN LIBERATION<br />
111111fIIIIIIIIIIICIIIIIIl11~fI111<br />
MAY 25th<br />
from<br />
Futtam<br />
Religious Store<br />
141 WEST 116th STREET<br />
NEW YORK CITY<br />
The general dissatisfaction on the<br />
part. of <strong>African</strong> students might stem<br />
from the belief that they have been<br />
the most Law abiding in the Unitevl<br />
States . And since the law prohibits<br />
"Separate but equal" training institutions,<br />
they corxclude "integration''<br />
is a method to maintain the states<br />
qua. That is, to only learn of thr<br />
"Free World" beginning with Greece .<br />
In this way the <strong>African</strong>'s roots will<br />
be left hanging in the heavens, perhaps,<br />
you see ?<br />
Uba-In the past we had "separate"<br />
schools but they were subsidized<br />
and only preferred courses were allowed.<br />
But the wind of change as<br />
calculated would prevent withholding<br />
appropriation to "Separate" schools<br />
(Contnued on page 12)<br />
COMPLIMENTS<br />
of<br />
THE UPTOWN<br />
UNITED PRINTING CO .<br />
48 WEST 116th STREET<br />
NEW YORK CITY<br />
Allan Gould, Prop .<br />
7
SOYTH WEST AFRICAS Fate Extinction<br />
Note : The following article is reproduced<br />
from the "Colonial <strong>Freedom</strong><br />
News"-London, England.<br />
The "Self-government for Native<br />
Nations in South West Africa Act"<br />
was enacted at the end of the last<br />
session in the South <strong>African</strong> Parliament<br />
. According to this act, Namibia<br />
(South West Africa) is going to<br />
be divided up into six so-called "Na-<br />
By PETER KATJAVIVI<br />
bans," each "Nation" as an autonomous<br />
unit.<br />
On October 17, 1968, the first of<br />
these "Native Nations" will came into<br />
being. The Legislative Council for<br />
Ovamboland Bantu area will be<br />
opened in Oshakati by Mr. M. C.<br />
Botha, Minister of "Bantu Adminis-<br />
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII<br />
COURTESY IS OUR POLICY<br />
Club Le Douze Inc .<br />
Announces Its ,Schedule of Tours and Entertainment<br />
Our Annual Fathers' Day Excursion - Sunday, June 15, 1969 - to<br />
Bear Mountain on the beautiful S. S. Bay Belle . Music by Tom Shade and<br />
his Cosmopolitan Orchestra, featuring Ellie Mannette Steel Band, Latin and<br />
Calypso music and the Frank Blaize Versatiles Band . Round trip $5.00.<br />
Children under 12, $2.50 . Boat leaves Battery Park 8:45 a.m.<br />
* * =x<br />
Bus Excursion to Peg Leg Bates Country Club, Sunday, July bth, 1969 .<br />
Buses leave I Ith St. & 7th Ave., N. Y. 8 a.m . Transportation incl . tax $7.50.<br />
Children under 12, $4 .00 .<br />
:x<br />
Labor Day Excursion and Pilgrimage<br />
TO MONTREAL AND OTTAWA, CANADA<br />
Buses leave Illth Street at 7th Ave., New York City, Friday Night,<br />
August 29th, 1969 at 10 p.m . You and your friends are invited to enjoy<br />
the holiday weekend with us . Buses return from Canada Monday night,<br />
September 1st, 1969 ap roximately II p.m . Transportation incl. tax and<br />
Hotel Accommodations, 62 .50 . Children under 12 years, $49.95 . Indentification<br />
papers for return to U.S . are required . Further information contact<br />
Mr. Rupert Smith, phone MO 3-8177 .<br />
Bus Excursion to Danbury Fair, Conn . Sunday, October 12th, 1969 . Buses<br />
leave I I Ith Street at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8:30 a.m . Transportation incl. tax<br />
$7.50. Children under 12, $4.50 .<br />
:x<br />
Pilgrimage to Graymoor Garrison, N. Y., Sunday, October 26th, 1969 .<br />
Buses leave I I Ith St. at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8 :30 a .m . and leave Graymoor<br />
at 4:30 p.m . Fare $4.00.<br />
Club Le Douze Inc. invites you to join its extraordinary 17-day<br />
Carnival Calypso Excursion<br />
to Trinidad and Tobago, W. I . including the 2-day Carnival, February 8th &<br />
9th, 1970 in the sunny capital, Port of Spain . Under the personal guidance<br />
of Mr. Rupert Smith, Tour Director . Have Breakfast in New York and lunch<br />
in Port of Spain. BWIA Sun Jet to and from Trinidad - $209 .00.<br />
If any other information wanted, please Phone MO 3-8177<br />
tration and Development and Bantu<br />
li;ducation."<br />
According to the Windhoek Advertiser<br />
of October 3, `The Legislative<br />
Council will be representative of<br />
all the seven regions of Ovamboland.<br />
Each of the seven regional Tribal<br />
Authorities is entitled to designate<br />
not more than six members, as was<br />
the case when the Transkei was<br />
granted self-government .<br />
'fhe Government of the Republic<br />
will second a number of civil servants<br />
to assist in the administration of the<br />
various departments of Ovamboland<br />
under self-government . These officials<br />
will be designated Directors .<br />
One of the Directors, Mr . F. A. .1 .<br />
De Preez of the Department of<br />
Bantu Administration and Development,<br />
will act as co-ordinating officer<br />
far the Departments of Finance,<br />
Economic Affairs, Justice, Community<br />
Affairs, Agriculture and 'forks<br />
and Education .'<br />
Tn other wards, the same personnel,<br />
representatives of the Santh <strong>African</strong><br />
regime, will continue to rule<br />
-only their positions have changed<br />
names .<br />
The South <strong>African</strong> Bantustan policy-of<br />
which this is an example-is<br />
based on the fallacy that cultur.el<br />
and linguistic differences between<br />
population groups prevent co-operation<br />
and ccmmunal feelings . On the<br />
basis of this idea, South Africa regards<br />
herself justified in dividing up<br />
the areas where the indigenous pol ,ulation<br />
live, into small autonomous<br />
`Bantustans' which have minimal<br />
contact with each other.<br />
SWAPO (South West Africa Peoples<br />
Organization) has all along<br />
strongly opposed the South <strong>African</strong><br />
Bantustan policy. We argue that in<br />
Namibia, where the various populati~n<br />
groups live scattered, this policy<br />
is undoubtedly a deliberate move to<br />
destroy the unity of our people. We<br />
also regard it as an exercise in eyewash<br />
and blatant hypocrisy, intended<br />
to foal the outside world .<br />
The implementation of the Self-<br />
Government for "Native Nations in<br />
South West Africa Act" has many<br />
implications . One can see that the<br />
exercise is bound to lead to great<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
On AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th<br />
We Repeat<br />
Africa For The <strong>African</strong>s,<br />
Those at Home and Those Abroad<br />
Let our "Natural, Spiritual and Political Limit be God<br />
and Africa at Home and Abroad" - Garvey<br />
One God, One Aim, One Destiny<br />
Parent Body<br />
UNIA & <strong>African</strong> Communities<br />
League<br />
1609 Columbus Ave.<br />
fl~fl~fl~ll~fl~ll~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII<br />
sufering on the part of the people<br />
of Namibia . All the Bantustans will<br />
be situated in poor areas without any<br />
natural resources worth developing .<br />
This in turn means that they will<br />
continue to be utterly dependent upon<br />
South Africa for economic assistance.<br />
Furthermore, the areas which<br />
are left to the white minority are rich<br />
in natural resources ; consequently,<br />
the exploitation of these areas will<br />
directly benefit the white population,<br />
and only go to the inhabitants of the<br />
Bantustans as `economic assistance'<br />
which, one can envisage, will be<br />
given with a patronizing hand by<br />
the South <strong>African</strong> regime.<br />
As each bantustan is going to contain<br />
people belonging to one population<br />
group only, one can foresee extensive<br />
forced moves of people from<br />
one area to the next . Many families<br />
will have to pull up their roots from<br />
the place where they may have lived<br />
for generations, and go to an area<br />
to which they have no ties whatsoever.<br />
Many families may also face financial<br />
difficulties, difficulties in adjusting<br />
to the new situation in which<br />
they find themselves ; in short, they<br />
face stresses and strains which may<br />
easily lead to a breakup of the family<br />
unit.<br />
Another facet to the South <strong>African</strong><br />
bantustan policy is that it keeps people<br />
without contact with the outside<br />
world. Their educational system purports<br />
this isolation, as it emphasises<br />
the uniqueness of customs and traditions<br />
of particular population groups,<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Philadelphia, Pa .<br />
and ignores the general development<br />
of modern society .<br />
Thus, people in a `Native Nation'<br />
will end up as backward, ignorant<br />
and unable to tackle the problems of<br />
modern society-exactly what is intended<br />
by the South <strong>African</strong> regime.<br />
The regime thus gets its justification<br />
for continued averlordship -<br />
`these people are not yet ready for<br />
independence' - a phrase too often<br />
heard from representatives of the<br />
white supremacists in Southern Africa<br />
.<br />
The bantustan policy is a violation<br />
of human rights, of international<br />
SEE AFRICA THIS SUMMER<br />
NIGERIA AIRWAYS<br />
Will take you to Dakar, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria<br />
and East Africa<br />
-Call-<br />
Nigeria Airways<br />
565 FIFTH AVENUE<br />
NEW YORK CITY<br />
Telephone 212 OX 7-3875<br />
law, of ay ultra-national charters<br />
functioning today . We want to draw<br />
attention to this and ask you to do<br />
,your utmost to counteract and condemn<br />
this pernicious policy practiced<br />
in our country.<br />
We also ask you to urge your<br />
government to support an urgent debate<br />
in the United Nations General<br />
Assembly, and to back any resolution<br />
leading to practical action .<br />
South Africa must be forced to<br />
give up her illegal administration of<br />
Namibia by all means at the disposal<br />
of the United Nations, including the<br />
use of force.<br />
MR. AND MRS . ABDUL & MARIANNE SAMAD<br />
and the<br />
WONDERFUL YOUNG PEOPLE<br />
of the<br />
Sarkore-Nubian Cultural Workshop, Inc .<br />
2140 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 10037<br />
Wish to Extend<br />
Our Sincere Greetings to Our Motherland<br />
AFRICA<br />
And to let Her Know we have never lost Faith .<br />
9
NOTE<br />
Tlee Assembly of the ORG}ANrZATION OF AFRCCAN<br />
LTvr"rY composed th,e presidents of Africa's states, 41<br />
to date .<br />
floe COC?NCIT . Or llr~rsTErzs of flee states . The<br />
Council sets flee blue print ofactions to be taken.<br />
Z'lee f ollaze~i.ng are items concluded in the Fifth Session<br />
in Algiers, Capital of Algeria, North Africa, September<br />
19G8 .<br />
The Council of Ministers of the OILGANrZATIO~T or<br />
ArttrcnN UNITY, meeting in its 11th Ordinary Session<br />
in Algeria, 1JB8, reaffirmed the inalienable rights of<br />
all people and territories of Africa to freedom and<br />
independence. Thev notice strangely however that the<br />
"Comoro Islands" ~ (in S. E. Africa, in Mozambique<br />
channel N. E. of 1\Iadagaska) are not on the list of<br />
colonial territories under the terms of the LT.N . declaration<br />
granting independence to colonial territories and<br />
peoples .<br />
That being the case, the Council called up the French<br />
Government to take immediate measures to enable the<br />
people of the "(7omoro Islands" to exercise their right<br />
to self-detf~rrnination and independence. It also directed<br />
<strong>African</strong> group at the I7.N. to press far the inclusion<br />
of those islands on the list of none-self-governing areas .<br />
And to make clear the position of Africa of complete<br />
"liberation of every inch" of <strong>African</strong> territories the<br />
Ministers ask the Secretary-General to put. the demands<br />
of the OAU before the U.N . Decolonization Committee<br />
to place the Comoro Islands on the list.<br />
The Canned of Ministers noted the reports of the;<br />
Administrative Secretary-General, the committee of five<br />
an Rhodesia as well as the report of the foreign ministers<br />
of Algeria, Senegal and Zambia and recalling<br />
10<br />
AFRICA SVMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS<br />
- Continued From 1'reviatts Issue -<br />
Resolution on Rhodesia<br />
AID AFRICA NOW<br />
Committee, Inc.<br />
2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St .) New York, N . Y . 10027<br />
Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and<br />
Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozambique,<br />
South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .<br />
by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in<br />
Neighboring States .<br />
Please make donations to the above Committee<br />
and mail to : P.O . Box 126<br />
New York, N . Y. 14027<br />
All Funds will be sent through the<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity<br />
all the relevant resolutions of the "OPOanrzarrow or<br />
Ar+RrcA~ 17NrTY" and the [7.N . on Rhodesia besides<br />
those of the Security Council, imposing mandatortisanetians<br />
against Rhodesia, without result .<br />
Ivhadesia's reluctance backed by neocolonialists to<br />
acquiesce to peaceful requests, forced the leaders of<br />
Africa to become seriously concerned . They look with<br />
apprehension especially over the continued grave and<br />
dangerous situation, particularly the systematic campaign<br />
of terror, acts of genocide and political murder<br />
carried out by the rebel minority regime against the<br />
<strong>African</strong> people with immunity .<br />
Patience Approaching Exhaustion<br />
At this time and lacking the atomic bomb, the anly<br />
thing the prattlers of democracy respect, the Council<br />
reaffirmed that the situation in Rhodesia constitutes<br />
a serious threat to international peace and security .<br />
It strongly reffirmed again and again the right of the<br />
people of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) to freedom on the basis<br />
of majority rule, and the right to fight for national<br />
liberation . For those rights, two world wars were<br />
waged and the base upon which the I7.N. was built .<br />
Condemning the genocidal acts as crime against humanity,<br />
the statesmen called upon England again and<br />
again to topple the gangster minority rule by force of<br />
arms as she did in "Guiana" and in4 little "Anguilla."<br />
Foreign Settlers Warned<br />
They further condemned the non-<strong>African</strong> regime in<br />
South Africa for sending troops to fight the 7.ambians<br />
in their own land and told the European settlers to<br />
withdraw their mercenaries. It is presumed and hopefully<br />
so that the <strong>African</strong>s' peaceful and friendly protestatians<br />
might be remembered when self-preservation<br />
compelled them to resort to prevailing means, when<br />
reason falls an deaf ears .<br />
It might be good for all concerned, if those settlers<br />
and their backers, to bear in mind the warning of the<br />
NOW ON THE RECORD<br />
The Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice<br />
of<br />
MARCUS GARVEY<br />
Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people<br />
before the world . In your own home you can now hear<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION
276 West 141 st $t . New York, N. Y.<br />
Carlos A. Cooks, Founder<br />
Charles Peaker, Administrator<br />
Saudi Arabian Representative at U.N . in 1966 that :<br />
"Any colonial power which consistently does not allow<br />
the oppressed people to enjoy the right of sel .fdeterminatian<br />
forfeits its right to be a member of the<br />
U.N . South Africa has closed its ears to the United<br />
Nations' appeals for nearly 20 years .<br />
If the stat2~s quo is preserved, a racial conflict will<br />
flare up . A racial revolution not only may bring about<br />
th.e end of South Africa, as a state but 7nay endanger<br />
the lif e of any European white man who sets foot on<br />
Africa and e-uentleally-who knows or, Asian soil .<br />
the are approaching the eleventh hour, amt we should<br />
not wait until a racial conflagration spreads all over<br />
Africa, leaving nothing behind it but ashes and dee1~<br />
sorrow for multitudinous victims, white and black, regardless<br />
of their ethnic origin, or the color of their skin.<br />
Financial and Material Aid Urgent<br />
The Council called upon all states and all <strong>African</strong>s<br />
to provide more financial and material assistance far<br />
intensifying the struggle inside Zimbabwe and to render<br />
all moral and material assistance to them in the<br />
war of liberation . It further coYlgratlllated the (ZAPU<br />
and the ANC (ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLES UNION,<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
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- AFRICA DAY -<br />
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(2) Support Marcus Garvey Day - August 17th<br />
(3) Support Carlos Cooks Day - June 23rd<br />
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AN1) AF1vIC'AN NA2IONAI. CONGI1FSS) 111 cl'eatlng $<br />
united front . And since a state of war exists in Rhodesia,<br />
it demands that freedom fighters if captured Le<br />
treated as prisoners of war, under Ked Cross convention.<br />
The Governments of Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya<br />
have been requested to use their good offices with those<br />
movements and farther instructed <strong>African</strong>s at the U.N .<br />
to force England to get rid of the foreign importers'<br />
regime in Rhodesia and cautioned Portugal against<br />
supporting Rhodesia.<br />
Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation<br />
o-f Africa<br />
Noting with satisfaction the progress of <strong>African</strong><br />
Nationalist troops and the "Committee far the Liberation<br />
of Africa," the Council congratulated the forces<br />
operating in Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Angola<br />
in their progress .<br />
The Council called on all presidents of <strong>African</strong><br />
States to increase their allotment and bolster the efficiency<br />
of the troops in the field .<br />
(Continued on page 13)<br />
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( Continued f ~'orn page 7 )<br />
when the demands for "self image"<br />
is heard .<br />
Da-We notice taa that many of<br />
the white students, with their future<br />
before them, are co-operating with<br />
the <strong>African</strong> and Puerta Rican students<br />
. Can you unravel this "Chinese"<br />
puzzle, Uba ?<br />
Uba-I am not a Chinese. We<br />
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AFRIOAN OPINION<br />
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JAMES WILKINS, Pres. & Secy . JOHN DAWAY, Vice Pres . MARY KELLMAN, Treas .<br />
can however watch the fowl's skin<br />
as the wind blaws. Let us watch and<br />
see what is under the feathers . Since<br />
the hurricane started we have ahead}discovered<br />
a "vicious system" operating<br />
under the feathers. That system<br />
kept a tremeudons amount of black<br />
youths out of college and the reason<br />
might be shaven as the wind continues<br />
to blow .<br />
Da-Since the disturbance started<br />
and the "Civil Rights Act" signed,<br />
and to maintain the democratic front,<br />
a few <strong>African</strong>s and Puerta Ricans<br />
gained entrance to a few schools.<br />
Now it is announced the college will<br />
take in a Ia.rge number, of what they<br />
called minority groups .<br />
It later came to light that the<br />
Black students, after discovering the<br />
v~hites were armed to the teeth and<br />
a cross, the symbol of Christianity,<br />
Syd. St . James<br />
burned in the Klansmen style in<br />
front of the black girls dormitory,<br />
the <strong>African</strong> students "armed themselves<br />
too."<br />
Uba-With guns on the campus of<br />
higher learning ?<br />
Da-That's right, sir, "I'ar selfdefense"<br />
they claimed . Could this be<br />
a plot to influence and justify actions<br />
of the feverished osculation of the<br />
"white backlash" to reduce the explosive<br />
population, Uba ?<br />
Uba-The whole "mess" might be<br />
influenced by back stage forces .<br />
Therefore <strong>African</strong>s should clearly<br />
see the "Handwriting on the Wall"<br />
and pull up stakes without delay and<br />
leave America . Don't deceive yourself<br />
or permit yourself to believe that<br />
this "mess" is accidental, or influenced<br />
by the hands of the convenient<br />
"outsiders" .<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION
THE PLACE OF URANIUM IN<br />
NIGER'S ECONOMY<br />
(From 1'~Tiyer Perspectives)<br />
Preparatory work for the mining of uranium in the<br />
60 square kilonxcter area around Arlit i~ proceeding<br />
at a fast pace. 'Ihe French Atomic Energy Commission<br />
holds the exclusive rights . The mineral is found about<br />
150 feet below the surface and open-cast mining will<br />
necessitate the removal of several million tans of sand<br />
and rock . 'This started oai the 4th November last year,<br />
the date of the first dynamiting of the upper rock<br />
stratum. Since them same 150,000 tans have been moved<br />
each month .<br />
At the same time the construction of the first buildings<br />
for the new town of 5,000 inhabitants has already<br />
started .<br />
The project as a whale is impaling, especially in<br />
relation to Niger's skeletal infrastructure . For it shaul.d<br />
not be forgotten that the uranium bearing zone is<br />
nearly 250 km to the north-west of Agadez, which is<br />
itself the "gateway to the desert" and 2,500 km from<br />
the noarest port . 3 :1,000 tons of goads must be carried<br />
them each ,year, including fuel-oils, which is, in itself,<br />
xio mean task .<br />
This means, in affect, that goods disembarked at<br />
Cotanou or Dahomey will first be carried the 400 km<br />
to Parakou by rail, there loaded auto lorries which<br />
must follow the 1,000 km of unpaved road to Tahotxa,<br />
and then, .from this town, take the 650 km of desert<br />
track to Arlit, going via Agadez . The whale of this<br />
route must, of course, be drastically improved to ease<br />
the passage of such a volume of traffic .<br />
As from now, nearly 4,000,000 CFA in wages is<br />
lreixxg paid each nxonth to the 400 workmen employed<br />
at Arlit SOMAIR, a workforce which will be increased<br />
to nearly 900 when the mining proper begins .<br />
Tlxe authorities in Niger have high hopes of the<br />
uranium mining for several reasons .<br />
hirst, SOMAIR, must invest some 13 thousand million<br />
CFA in order to get under way the extraction of<br />
the ore which holds 0.25°fo uranium, and its transformation<br />
into 65 to 70% uranate of soda. Naw the<br />
investment of such a sum, which is equal to one and<br />
a half times the State's budget, can only have a f;aQOrable<br />
effect an the whole economy, even taking into<br />
consideration the fact that most of the money will go<br />
to buying foreign goads .<br />
The provision of roads capable of carrying the traffic<br />
described above will also favorably influence the whale<br />
economy, without taking into account the fact that<br />
to a certain degree it will be easier to prospect the<br />
underlying layers whose potentialities are hardly known .<br />
Finally, it is worth nothing that Niger will receive,<br />
in the farm of taxes and dividends 66% of the profits<br />
made, whilst 34% will go to its partners . Looked at<br />
like this the whole affair seems very propitious, espe-<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
dally since the SOMAIR experts, wlxo were thinking<br />
two years ago of setting up-pilot factory to produce<br />
`200 tans of uranium per year, now exuvisage a productian<br />
of 750 tons starting from 1971, and 1,500 tons<br />
in 1974..<br />
~~'hatever happens, St)llAIR, with a budget of<br />
7,500 million CFA, is going to figure largely in Niger's<br />
economy .<br />
(L'ontizrued f-rom page 11)<br />
Special Recommendation<br />
The Council of Ministers of the OAU recommended<br />
that :<br />
On 25t1z May, "Africa Day", National programmes<br />
to include the sale of badges and emblems, showing of<br />
films arzd otleer events for the purpose of collecting<br />
ftends for the liberation struggle .<br />
And to make funds available for reproduction of<br />
films made as an example of the magnificent szzccess of<br />
some Liberation Movements, particularly th,e PAIGC<br />
in Gui,ea Bissau . Such films should be shown in all<br />
<strong>African</strong> States and all <strong>African</strong> Communities so that<br />
all floe people can be informed of tlce sacrifices and<br />
activities of their strzegyliyrg brothers in, floe colonial<br />
territories .<br />
Declares that a~zy aggression on, azay OAU 1llember<br />
State by the colonialist and regiynes of Portugal, "South,<br />
Africa" and Rhodesia is regarded as an aggression on<br />
all <strong>African</strong>s.<br />
And congralulated az~d records ill thanks to the<br />
Gnvernment.s and people, leosts to recognized liberation<br />
movements, and particularly those States adjacent to<br />
" tlre fields of struggle for th,e immense sacrifices they<br />
az°e daily shouldering in order to hasten the capitulation<br />
of the colonialists and the enemies of A frica .<br />
Greetings<br />
on<br />
AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th<br />
to All <strong>African</strong>s at<br />
HOME OR ABROAD<br />
on this<br />
Our Day of Unity .<br />
Returns Once Again<br />
GOD SAVE AFRICA<br />
GEORGE D. RANDOLPH<br />
New Jersey, U. S. A.
FOR THE SAKE O~F THOSE THAT COME<br />
(Issued b,y Afro~A1~I Alliance)<br />
We, this generation of Black men<br />
and Black women, people of <strong>African</strong><br />
descent, are responsible for the greatest<br />
awakening of oer people to reclaim<br />
what is theirs . Sleeping minds<br />
are being refreshed and brought to<br />
life by the impact of new found<br />
drops of "Wisdom" .<br />
Knowledge with her piercing dagger<br />
has opened the way and is revealing<br />
a treasure house of ancient<br />
wisdom, and self esteem that goes<br />
back to the very emotion of Man.<br />
~~'isdom is the application of one's<br />
knowledge . 1Ve mast again make our<br />
bid at mastering and using the experience<br />
of oer longhidden past.<br />
A man withoet a past, to gmide<br />
his future is like an arrow shot into<br />
the sky, an a dark stormy night, and<br />
where it will come to rest the archer<br />
could dare not say . But one single<br />
arrow flown by the well trained<br />
archer can indeed hit the mark .<br />
We have begun to use the potent<br />
tool of our self knowledge and by<br />
using this we shall be made wise in<br />
the ways of overcoming our plight .<br />
Each Blaclc man and each Black<br />
woman whose eyes shall open from<br />
dumper shall indeed be an arrow in<br />
the struggle of am fighting leaders ;<br />
an arrow ready to fly sure and tree<br />
to the mark . So let us hall dear to<br />
our ancient history and grow wiser<br />
through its knowledge.<br />
If those who pity themselves would<br />
ceaso and apply what oppression has<br />
taught ns, and perceive what good<br />
results will come from self efforts,<br />
we would learn great truths about<br />
our inner selves that has been hidden<br />
for so long .<br />
It is heart-warming to realize that<br />
we are Black and being Black is<br />
Beautiful . We know that, with the<br />
price of many Black bodies, we have<br />
been able to service a cruel and mast<br />
vicious system of Dehumanization .<br />
But we have survived and those of<br />
us that are committed to this strut<br />
gle need to be remindful of this fact .<br />
14<br />
The struggling Blaclc youth of to-<br />
day cr~~ out for universal freedom<br />
and individual expression. We need<br />
our souls tar reach otzt to God, not<br />
the God that this system has trampled<br />
into the mud, not the God that<br />
we castrate each Sunday nor the God<br />
we mock with the other six days of<br />
the. week.<br />
No~ ! we need the companionship<br />
of the Gad of our fathers, the Gad<br />
that gave our people the breath of<br />
life and with that their Beautifnlness<br />
. We need to allow our souls to<br />
touch the God that is within es. We<br />
plead far the unfolding of the God<br />
strength and wisdom that has been<br />
kept from am soul eyes .<br />
r<br />
VISION FOR AFRICA, Inc.<br />
and i+s Presiden+, Rev. P . L . Drier, D.D .<br />
Wish +o Greet <strong>African</strong>s Everywhere<br />
ON AFRICA DAY, MAY 25+h<br />
There is a generation hchind ns<br />
that may look epon our weaknesa<br />
with wise understanding, and epon<br />
our self-pity as ignorance. The generation<br />
that is now bedding may not<br />
compromise with our lacking . They<br />
will far no price compromise their<br />
dignity, their liberty, their religion,<br />
or their luzmaness for the few pieces<br />
of gold that we accept daily .<br />
It is am responsibility to spearhead<br />
the way for those that will take<br />
the taw from our hand and brio'<br />
our long struggles to a conclusion .<br />
So let us strive on and on and<br />
willfully never compromise our ancient<br />
culture.<br />
And +o inform everyone +hat we are nearing the time when every man<br />
shall turn +o his own people and flee everyone into his own land .<br />
(According +o Isaiah-13+h Chapter, 14+h Verse)<br />
The Presiden+ of Vision for Africa, is planning his third +rip +o<br />
Africa in July, 1969 wi+h his dough+er, Joan, a graduate of +he<br />
Universi+y of Buffalo and Wilberforce with a B .S . and M.A . degrees,<br />
and his son .<br />
Further informa+ion, phone 212 EN 9-I 178<br />
Per . Roy Brown<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION
CUSTOMS AND TRADITION<br />
Enthronement of a New King<br />
In the Lobi District<br />
In the 7,o~bi district, in the Bottna region in the<br />
North-East of the Ivory Coast, when the successor to<br />
a dead king is proclaimed, ho mast leave the village<br />
during tho entire three months mourning period . The<br />
future king may set foot<br />
last day of the elaborata<br />
in the village only on the<br />
funeral rites. He arrives<br />
there, acconnpanied by his armed guard, and goes Towards<br />
the dead king's hawse, or more precisely towards<br />
the tomb where he will be buried . Tradition requires<br />
that the now king circle the tomb three times, then let<br />
out a war cry that his tromp of warriors must take up<br />
in shams . For several decades now this warliks ceremony<br />
has bean accompanied by gun-shots fired into the<br />
air .<br />
'fhe enthronement is subject to certain very strict<br />
regulations. For example, the coronation of the new<br />
king cannot proceed without the final rites of the d~;ceased<br />
king having first been performed, and these can<br />
only begin on a Tuesday . When the new king arrives<br />
with his army at the site of the royal funeral, he is<br />
greatcd by the customary chief who gives the newly<br />
elected king the advice and precepts which should henceforth<br />
gttido his actions . The day after these rites,<br />
custom demands that the king make a sacrifice on the<br />
tomb o~f his predecessor : in this way a chicken and a<br />
he-goat will be immolated . Then the now king kills an<br />
ox and divides the carcass among any outsiders who<br />
may have came to take part in the funeral rites :<br />
offal is kept for the guardian of the tomb.<br />
the<br />
Finally, on Thursday,<br />
enthronement take place .<br />
the last ceremonies of the<br />
Tradition requires that the<br />
deceased king's youngest son ride a donkey which will<br />
be sacrificed in turn .<br />
In the. aftsrno~on folk dances are organized in the<br />
village square and tom-tams beat the rhythm of the<br />
dances and the festive songs .<br />
And thus<br />
times .<br />
Buona relives its ceremonies of former<br />
ETHIOPIAN<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION<br />
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PRIZE FIGHTER<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Journal of<br />
Independent Thoughts and Expression<br />
Vol . 9 OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969 Nos. 3 & 4<br />
Jas . L. Brown . ... ... ... . . . ... ..... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... .. . .. ... . Editor and Manager<br />
Victor G. Cohen . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. ... . .. . .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. . .. ... . .. Associate Editor<br />
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Gladys P . Graham (Famata) ... .. . ... .. . .. ... ... .. . .. . ... . Woman's Editor<br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE<br />
Portrait on Cover : Dr.<br />
Story on Page 5<br />
Angie Brooks-UN Photo<br />
Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />
Women of Achievement Stand High<br />
By Gladys P. Graham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
Prize Fighter Led Pilgrimage to Africa<br />
By James Leopold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />
Why Am I Here . . . . . . .<br />
When, Where and Why?<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />
By Da & Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />
Letters from the Homeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />
Mandate Adopted by Garvey Convention . . . . . . . 13<br />
Zambia Takes Over Mineral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />
Things Worth Noting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION<br />
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LETTERS TO EDITOR<br />
Dear Mr . Editor,<br />
Please grant me space in OUR<br />
Journal to say how satisfied I am<br />
to live to see all what the Late Hon .<br />
Marcus Garvey said come true. This<br />
man _qf God, Marcus Garvey, when<br />
leaving Jamaica for England, sleeping<br />
black men said : "Garvey, you are<br />
finished with the <strong>African</strong> question ."<br />
Garvey answered : "I am going to<br />
England where I can find someone<br />
to send the message to Mother Africa<br />
. We want a United States of<br />
Africa ." There he found Dr . Kwame<br />
Nkrumah who carried the Gospel of<br />
the fatherhood of God and the<br />
brotherhood of man . And out of this,<br />
I can see come the "Organization of<br />
<strong>African</strong> Unity" of which all <strong>African</strong>s<br />
are proud to have.<br />
S . B . Gardner<br />
Jamaica, W. I .<br />
Room 338<br />
Dear Sir :<br />
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Those. individuals who are seeking<br />
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to bridge the so-called gap between<br />
<strong>African</strong>s at. home and <strong>African</strong>s<br />
in'A' ierica are the ones who have a<br />
vision of the future . These are the<br />
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future for the black race if we don't<br />
have Africa .<br />
Yes! we are for (Bill) HR S965<br />
Repatriation for Americans of <strong>African</strong><br />
Descent.<br />
Keep up the work of informing<br />
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strengthen us all .<br />
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Dear Mr. Editor,<br />
I was given a copy of "<strong>African</strong><br />
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I am a resident of New<br />
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Dear Sir,<br />
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I would like to handle the "<strong>African</strong><br />
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deal with problems confronting the<br />
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today .<br />
Broadus S. Williams<br />
Philadelphia, Pa .<br />
Dear Sir :<br />
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Thank ,yon . With peace and best<br />
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Newark, N. J .<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT<br />
Dr . Arrgie E . Brooks, Woman of<br />
1 test my and second woman elected<br />
president of the United Nations Gen-<br />
(INrl Asscntblv, is currently being addru,sac!<br />
as lladam President by her<br />
colleagues of come 120 delegations<br />
;'rom around the globe, with <strong>African</strong><br />
missions in the ascendency, with 38<br />
strong.<br />
'I'lte 41 year old diplomat, Angie<br />
I,;Iizabeth Ilrooks, made history and<br />
set an awesome precedent when she<br />
was elected President of the twentyfourth<br />
session of the General Assembly<br />
rmaninrously with every country<br />
responding . :1 standing" ovation<br />
greeted the Liberian Assistant Secretary<br />
of State when the election re-<br />
,rtlts were iturmunced and the IT.N .<br />
1)r)dy rose to its feet . again when she<br />
was escorted tit the rostrum to take<br />
Irer scat.<br />
'fhc unique honor tops her eleventh<br />
ye;tr as Assistant Sc("retarv of State<br />
of I,i1H .ria and her tifteenth year as<br />
lrer ooutttr ;v's rle le-rate to the General<br />
.lsscttd)ly where " sire served in various<br />
vtllttwities .<br />
Mrs . Ilrooks has servcKl as vice<br />
Chsirrnart of the Assembly's Fourth<br />
('( , .urruittee ('Trust and Non-Self-<br />
Goyorttitrf, 'I'crritories) : Vice-Presirlvotrt<br />
4 the Committee on Tnformatiorr<br />
from :ion-Self-Governing Territories<br />
; Chainrrmi of the Fourth Commirree<br />
; (1mirmau of the United NatWrrs<br />
Visitiug- 11is,ion to the Trust<br />
'1'erri tarry i)f the Pacific Islands ;<br />
Vir-, , -I'residvrrt ,hood President of the<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
By GLADYS P. GRAHAM<br />
(Famata )<br />
Trusteeship Council antong other<br />
pertinent bodies during her long and<br />
productive years at the International<br />
11 -orld forruu . Her opinions, declararirrns<br />
and statesnran,hip have been<br />
laudatory and unpreeedently with<br />
versatility and sagacity, a woman of<br />
valor and t minendy qualified for the<br />
high posts .<br />
Born in Vir;ginin, Montserrado<br />
County, Lihcrio, she holds earned<br />
degrees fry>rri Shaw University in<br />
Raleigh, North Carolina (U.S.A .)<br />
on a scholarship with lter working her<br />
way through rolle-e as a student .<br />
Mrs. Brooks also holds a Bachelor<br />
of Law and Master of Science degree<br />
in political srierwe from the TTrriver-<br />
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sity of Wisconsin . She did advanced<br />
study at the University of London<br />
trnrl obtained a Doctor of Civil Law<br />
degree from the University o£ Li-<br />
4eria . She was the first of her sex<br />
t o be admitted to practice before the<br />
Supreme Court of Liberia . Later she<br />
served as Assistant . Attorney-General<br />
of Liheria.<br />
As a lawyer of scope she was extended<br />
every consideration by President<br />
NN' . NT, S . Tubman who emancipated<br />
tire female species politically.<br />
Angie Ilrortks served as Vice-President<br />
of the International Federation<br />
of Women Lawyers . She represented<br />
Liberia and the Federation at the<br />
first session of the United Nations<br />
I"conomi(I Commission for Africa.<br />
Her two rears as Vice-President<br />
of the National Liberian Political<br />
and Social Movement. was momeutons<br />
as was her serviee as Special<br />
Assistant to the Lott Carey Baptist<br />
Foreign Mission Convention which<br />
played an important part in setting<br />
up seholarships for Liberian youth.<br />
"This outstanding daughter of Africa,<br />
indicated to "Famata" that Liberia<br />
was an Afriearr State that must be<br />
able to cope with all phases of development<br />
.<br />
Proud of her Africmi heritage and<br />
her Afriean dress, which she always<br />
,xcars with dignitv, her motto is to<br />
actually live the principle that<br />
brotherhood is an example for others<br />
to follow and to leave something of<br />
worth for those following behind .<br />
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PRIZE FIGHTER LED PILGRIMAGE TO AFRICA<br />
A group of <strong>African</strong> Americans, who embraced the<br />
faith of their fathers, left the United States on September<br />
2nd, 1969 on a tour of the <strong>African</strong> homeland<br />
led by the popularly known "Kid McCoy" of prizefighter<br />
fame and now a member of the Ethiopian<br />
Church, formerly Coptic . The group besides the church<br />
members composed of officials of the UNIA & <strong>African</strong><br />
Communities League of New York and others from<br />
Brooklyn and New Jersey .<br />
Leaving New York, their first stop was in Greece,<br />
then to Asmara, Ethiopia, and finally Addis Ababa,<br />
the capital, now viewed as the "Capital of Africa,"<br />
where the seat of the "Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity"<br />
(OAU) is located.<br />
The Pilgrims, some members of the "St. Tekla Haymanot<br />
Brotherhood Society" of the Church, were<br />
gracefully received by the Abuna, Acting Patriarch<br />
and Archbishop of Harar who "wish them a pleasant<br />
stay among their Ethiopian brethren".<br />
Places and Sceneries<br />
The National Tourist Agency delegated to conduct<br />
the tour showed, the sons and daughters who return<br />
to the homeland for the first time all that were possible<br />
within time limit .<br />
Warmly received by His Majesty, the Emperor and<br />
all they met including the Dean of "Haile Selassie I<br />
University," they visited the "Africa Hall and Library"<br />
of the Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity (OAU) ;<br />
the zoo ; rug industrial setup ; rope factory ; steel foundry<br />
; The Holy Trinity Church ; Tomb of King Solomon<br />
; the Chief Galla and Menelik tombs and other<br />
historical places .<br />
The streets they reported are immaculately clean ;<br />
not even a matchstick is seen . No loitering, no drunks,<br />
no dope addicts, no vulgarity, no discourtesy, no muggings<br />
reported . One reported walking 2 A.M. with no<br />
fear of being molested . So impressed with the general<br />
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6<br />
UP YOU MIGHTY RACE<br />
Entire Records of Marcus Garvey<br />
Dramatically Portrayed By<br />
Amy Ashwood Garvey, Songs of Thelma Massy &<br />
Lord Obstinate . High Lighted by the Tony Thomas<br />
Orchestra . Lyric & Music by Rabbi Arnold Ford .<br />
Price : $3 .98<br />
Phone : 212 MO 6-6860<br />
National <strong>African</strong> Book Store<br />
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII<br />
By JAMES LEOPOLD<br />
hospitality and serenity that some could not hold back<br />
the tears, as others kissed the soil of their ancient land,<br />
and murmured : "My dreams come true . . . our real<br />
home ." Some stated they went there with pains and<br />
body aches and by some mystery the aches and pains<br />
disappeared .<br />
Colony of Settlers<br />
The last stop was the Colony of Malcoda in the<br />
Province of Shashamane. The colony is a large area<br />
of flat, fertile land granted by the Emperor to <strong>African</strong>s<br />
in the Americas for their support during the Italian<br />
invasion of Ethiopia, in 1936 . The settlement is called :<br />
the "Ethiopian World Federation Colony", Malcoda,<br />
Shashamane, with Mr. James Piper, Administrator .<br />
:111 those who desire to live there may acquire a<br />
site for home and garden free of cost except for a<br />
minor fee of about Fifteen ($15) Dollars to cover<br />
registration and taxes . Settlers now there are mostly<br />
from the West Indies and the United States . Thus far<br />
Malcoda has a ten room clinic, a school, and a few<br />
homes and is opened to thousands who are seeking<br />
peaceful living, security and freedom from fear .<br />
The Only Disturbing Factors<br />
The administration is having or experiencing a little<br />
difficulty now and then with transients, bearing all the<br />
earmarks of imperialist agents, sent to disturb the<br />
peaceful progress of what tends to become a "Rock of<br />
Ages ." That disruptive technique has been going on in<br />
Liberia since around 1884 to the present.<br />
The purpose for the subversive tactics, all things<br />
considered, is to prevent the sons and daughters from<br />
air-cad, with the "know how", to assist the brothers<br />
-it home . Their presence there, like those of the foreign<br />
Jews flocking to Palestine, they reason, might retard<br />
th- move now in progress to make Africa a white man's<br />
ccnntry .<br />
However there is a wind of change blowing in the<br />
AID AFRICA N0W<br />
Committee, Inc .<br />
2395 8th Ave . (Near 128th St.) New York, N . Y . 10027<br />
Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and<br />
Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozambique,<br />
South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . .<br />
by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in<br />
Neighboring States .<br />
Please make donations to the above Committee<br />
and mail to : P.O . Box 126<br />
New York, N . Y . 10027<br />
All Funds will be sent through the<br />
Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
Photo : Showing Pilgrims in fro+at of the Cathedral with the flbuna in robe .<br />
Next on his right is Kid McCoy. Rack head only, is Francisco Rockwood.<br />
On Mr . McCoy's right, in black coat, is his wife, Mrs. McCoy.<br />
international sphere stud the rise of <strong>African</strong> Nationalism<br />
tends to reverse the age old scheme.<br />
Met by a welcome oomnnittee headed by Mrs . Gladys<br />
Stephen,, of the Vam .nnard hiu " al, VNIA & <strong>African</strong><br />
Communities Lea-tic, pd-rinis alighted from the<br />
plane did not show the experte(l cnthusiasiu c"omparahle<br />
with that shown oil leaving . On questioning, it was<br />
revealed that they "did not ,<br />
want to leave" that "happy<br />
valley" discovered previously by I)r. Fortune Fletcher,<br />
direetor of the "ATedhane ~1lem School" in Addis<br />
Ababa, who stated : "For the first time in my long<br />
educational career (at Lincoln ITniversity, 111"o .) I've<br />
foutid ecniplcte frcv dorn, nnstintcd cooperation and resp(n<br />
:ise 11) 111 N creative efforts .<br />
'I'lu . rhiidren like their parents are exquisitely polite.<br />
They are say catgcr to learn that disciplinary problems<br />
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AFRICAN OPINION<br />
are non-existent. They revere their elders and especially<br />
their teachers . Ves, L've found any happy valley, the<br />
ancient kingdom of Ethiopia, in East Africa, the oldest<br />
empire in the world . IIer kings are descendent of King<br />
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba ."<br />
I have grown to love this countt .v, which is magnificeittly<br />
hcantiful, and her people, simple, kind, ardently<br />
patriotic, and justly proud of their ancient past .<br />
ltilavine Wnhardson, <strong>African</strong>-American singer, followed<br />
: "There's something strange, strange like magic<br />
about patting your foot on the soil of Africa that<br />
:,elves veil a sernslttiott you've m ver lead before in vonr<br />
life. I felt it and experienced it Imt cannot explain it .<br />
Ycs, I wa completelY overcoiiie by the spirit of freedom,<br />
untrammeled fn edonn' I was at home once more<br />
with my people. I felt happy, secured and moved .<br />
A MUST ALBUM<br />
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Over 9,000 Years of<br />
BLACK HEROES<br />
Conquerors<br />
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My attention is called first to the<br />
proclamation of the honorable Mr .<br />
Dan H. Brown, The 2nd, President<br />
of this Congress, requesting all members<br />
of the Christian Congress to<br />
join in appealing to God, for His<br />
blessing and guidance for all mankind,<br />
and for a new birth of freedom<br />
and peace in our beloved America. I<br />
have given this proclamation a careful<br />
study trying to comprehend its<br />
full meaning . If and when these<br />
words are translated into action<br />
through the Congress of Christian<br />
States of America, we can truly say<br />
the new birth of America is here .<br />
For forty (40) years, since 1928,<br />
we have traveled the length and<br />
breadth of America ; from the Atlantic<br />
to the Pacific ; and have used<br />
every available means of communication<br />
to warn Americans, black and<br />
white, against this day.<br />
We have urged 100 per cent cooperation<br />
between black and white<br />
Americans to prevent the destruction<br />
of this nation from within . We<br />
warned Americans both black and<br />
white that integration has destroyed<br />
every nation that tolerated such<br />
folly ; and that America would be no<br />
exception to the rule.<br />
This prediction was fulfilled from<br />
1965 through 1967 when violence<br />
broke out from Maine to Florida ;<br />
and from New York to California<br />
for self-determination .<br />
Ladies and gentlemen, it cannot<br />
8<br />
(Statements to Congress of Christian States, White Society of America by Bishop Addison<br />
286 LENOX AVENUE<br />
124 & 125 St .<br />
<strong>African</strong> Botique<br />
"WHY AM I HERE"<br />
be gotten through forced integration<br />
; nor by freedom rides and<br />
marches. Public prayers have not<br />
served the purpose intended and singing<br />
God's praises in the streets have<br />
not solved the problems. This is concrete<br />
proof where integration leads.<br />
We, of the <strong>African</strong> Universal<br />
Church and Commercial League Corporation,<br />
havewarned White America<br />
that passage of various Civil Rights<br />
Bills will lower "America" into her<br />
already open grave. We warned<br />
Black America the passage could only<br />
be a strong barbiturate to keep the<br />
black man peacefully sleeping while<br />
your so-called "friends" bury your<br />
so-called "White Enemies" and enslave<br />
you and your chldren's children<br />
for generations to come .<br />
The so-called poor people's campaign<br />
was proof that although the<br />
masses of people watch them plunge<br />
into the gulf of destruction, they continue<br />
to march in the same direction .<br />
These endeavors are sinking America,<br />
both white and black . We should<br />
want to know from whence cometh<br />
the money to support these evils since<br />
we are taxed on every hand .<br />
How long can we survive if the<br />
people continue along these lines.<br />
In order to be free all people had<br />
to sponsor a threefold program : the<br />
Black Man is no exception to the<br />
rule.<br />
(1) Onr spiritual development must<br />
meet God's specification<br />
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(2) Our standard of living must be<br />
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those whom we desire to be<br />
equal with<br />
Our economic structure must be<br />
so geared that we become the<br />
controlling factor of our own<br />
destiny. Then and only then<br />
will we be free and equal with<br />
other men.<br />
The black man must pay the same<br />
price, to satisfy his thirst for freedom<br />
.<br />
This is the danger that drives me<br />
to my feet! How can we sleep in a<br />
time like this? We must prevent this<br />
destruction of a nation that came into<br />
being by God's Grace. We cannot<br />
allow white or black to drift along<br />
unthinkingly toward this great gulf<br />
of danger. It is because of this that<br />
"I AM HERE" and now calling upon<br />
the soul and mind of White and<br />
Black America for 100 per cent cooperation,<br />
so together we can save<br />
America for the white, and all who<br />
wish to retain their stay, and build<br />
Africa for all who wish to return.<br />
This work must be done, and it must<br />
be started now.<br />
There are whites as well as blacks<br />
who have not understood the plan of<br />
the A.U.C. & C.L . CORP ., <strong>African</strong><br />
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II<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
Archbishop Clarence C . Addison, Visible Head of<br />
AFRICAN UNIVERSAL CHURCH<br />
COMMERCIAL LEAGUE CORPORATION<br />
CALLING 144,000 MEN -- WOMEN -- YOUTH<br />
To Create a New Society<br />
And Bring Peace Out of Chaos<br />
By Using the Route Leading From<br />
SERVITUDE TO MASTERY<br />
AND FROM MISERY TO COMFORT<br />
as Shown in His New Book<br />
"CONSTITUTION"<br />
Founder and President-General of AFRICAN STOCK EXCHANGE<br />
ASSOCIATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Incorporated under the<br />
Laws of the State of New York, Dec . 4, 1964, the Archbishop invites<br />
Concerned Parties to Public Meetings at<br />
LIBERTY HALL<br />
8 P.M . Thursdays and 3 P.M . Sundays<br />
3802 3rd Avenue (Near 171st Street) Bronx, N. Y .<br />
For further information, address: ARCHBISHOP C. C. ADDISON<br />
14 Webster Place, East Orange, N. J . 07018<br />
New Jersey Phone : 202-675-0896 New York Phone: 212-583-7466<br />
'F11oso of the black Race that<br />
pr(nrlr s(x,ial (-quality, and who are<br />
working for an American race that<br />
will, ill complexion, be neither white<br />
or black, f am afraid they will never<br />
rlndersi-and our plan to create our<br />
ciwll 1 "1ltployment in America and<br />
I 11111d "ntr own New York City ill<br />
1 friv.l .<br />
1Vlrite America, it is later than<br />
vcit I tliilrk .<br />
' I' ll( , k( ,(-tr student; must realize that<br />
the cenlrrries ahead will brilig us an<br />
(o"('r-crowded eountlv . Will there be<br />
rootit for two powerful races working<br />
one against, the other? '1'Iie answer<br />
is n((. Imagine, tile black race powerful<br />
in ambition but weal; in ecomlries<br />
: holdin' positions which white<br />
('11101 Iield, and the whit.(' deprived of<br />
positii -m .,4 while black are at work and<br />
rrlilli"t1 ., of whites ell starvation<br />
~-ircct : or just turn it, around, black<br />
living ill the city of poverty. Here<br />
you have the bloody picture of wholesale<br />
mot, violence before yon that<br />
I fear, alld a"'ainst which we are<br />
wvn "1; i 1l ~~ .<br />
No prcaehing : praying lior presi-<br />
(letili :rl prcx " l;11rlatiorl i-VIII I'MOT,01 tile<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
passion of huugrv mireasuning men<br />
r1t:ty they he white or black ; when<br />
the lt~~ttr cWlle:-, but can't %. oll see it<br />
is on its way . 'I'o prevent this is<br />
who CVO are wc(rhillg for .<br />
"White America, Listen?"<br />
A gcintl-ation of ambitious black<br />
11tcn :0111 w(nnen, out front the best<br />
colleges, lrlliversitles and Institutions,<br />
citpable of fillizlg- the hi-hesl au11 best<br />
positions ill flu " nation` in industry,<br />
(-(n1tri0re, scwiety an(1 lx,litics, can<br />
You keep tlneni back? If you do so<br />
tllev will :rgilate and 11trow yoitr constil<br />
, utiirrr ill Yonr face. (.'an vote stand<br />
lwf(jrv civilizotion and deny the truth<br />
~of ~(nir c(mstitillioll? What are you<br />
"(1itt- t(o dc, then? 1'ou who ire just<br />
will lip(-it the door (1f opportunity and<br />
rry ii) all ( titer ill . 13ut ladies and<br />
0, cr1t1( "rtwir, what thell if i-liere is not<br />
etrc,ti-11, tnav they Ire white or black,<br />
the rrarvilr- crowd could he of -our<br />
rY+yrt race' . 1Ci11 they stand liv, suffer<br />
and st :irv(" and allow, ill opposite<br />
nice to o pr("par in the midst of their<br />
(li " rrcss<br />
'There 1 ,4 Ilut (111(+ solution, and that<br />
is to pnivide ill owlet for the 131ack<br />
Archbishop Addison shown addressing<br />
the Congress of The Christian<br />
States of America assembled in National<br />
Convocation, in St. Louis,<br />
Mo ., June 10 thru 13, 1969 .<br />
11an's energy, ambition, and passion,<br />
of his own.<br />
'I'lle hlaek mall lnusl ; have a coun-<br />
(of his (,wtt ; a elation in which<br />
11C ('10l foully identify himself .<br />
"Why Should the Black or White<br />
Die?"<br />
ll,is llw black malt as well as the<br />
white , matt served America and the<br />
world'! If:as It(, trot locwtre the burden<br />
,of eiviliz;rli(ul in fills western world<br />
for tl1re( " 1rttildred vears? 11as lie not<br />
coirtnhuk "d cof liis (rest to America?<br />
tit1rcly all 1111- stollds 14, Ills credit.<br />
11ttt t1wrc will trot lie enough room<br />
~111,I lure woe answer is ford a place.<br />
. .,j" ( " have fmind ,i lface ; it is Africa<br />
fl)r the Afric " :1t- at ]ionic and<br />
;ihn,ad ~ ., lfack Melr for thr( "c hull-<br />
1 1rctl vv :ir :s li :tvc ltellwd white rtlen<br />
111til(I _Ii1i( " ric " :1, ,urcl~- and<br />
-1,11t(4111 \01h(' 111('1 .«- ill help black<br />
rr1Cr1 lolrild Afr1C,1 .<br />
11'( " c ;1r1 orrly 11 :tv(- lwacc when we<br />
an , 'ilt,t to all niarlt.hid : acid for that<br />
loi"ncc, :111(1 far the rein (of universal<br />
Ic1r( " , I 11((w nplwal to the soul of<br />
\Vlritc " .111i( " ri( ;i, "Lf:"f 11Y PE0-<br />
111.1, : t :(), . .
Da-Uba, there are multitudes of<br />
fictitious and concocted words,<br />
phrases, and ideas rapidly repeating<br />
and spreading. Many of these have<br />
been invented hundreds of years ago<br />
and, although discarded by science<br />
and common sense, they are still being<br />
hammered into the consciousness<br />
of the least suspected.<br />
For example : it is stated and constantly<br />
repeated that the "Good<br />
Lord" summoned a'fictitious creature<br />
named "Moses" into a "burning<br />
bush", of all places somewhere in<br />
Southern Asia and gave him some<br />
Commandments, now being used by<br />
the Christians . Who was this imaginary<br />
person, Uba ?<br />
Uba-From all angle of reasoning,<br />
Moses stands as invention to<br />
further the plans and purposes of<br />
the inventor. The same creature is<br />
said to have struck the Red Sea with<br />
a rod and that mass of ocean opened<br />
up to let pass out of Egypt a group<br />
of feigned persons, to some other<br />
part of Asia . It is observed of late<br />
that Marcus Garvey is classified as<br />
a "Black Moses", leaving the intended<br />
inference.<br />
Da-Here is another strange concection<br />
: Europeans changed the <strong>African</strong><br />
name Zimbabwe to "Rhodesia"<br />
and the media of information here<br />
in the West is now naming the<br />
220,000 Europeans there "the Rhodesians"<br />
and classifying the 5,000,-<br />
000 Zimbabweans as "Negroes" and<br />
"Blaclz Rhodesians" . Isn't this an<br />
outright alienation, a planned process<br />
of elimination, Uba ?<br />
Uba-That is a foregone conclusion<br />
. Their action of forming a<br />
government there in which the five<br />
million <strong>African</strong>s there have no say<br />
is as clear as crystal. Their brazen<br />
action, like that of their counts rpart<br />
in South Africa is that of genocide.<br />
Da-But TTba, how can they continue<br />
their barefaced aggression today<br />
with tho T`nited Nations standing<br />
by ?<br />
Uba-What TT.N . ? The U.N. is<br />
owned and controlled by the majority<br />
-permanent members of the Securit<br />
' v Council - China not included .<br />
The group of imperialists and their<br />
10<br />
WHEN, WHERE AND WHY?<br />
By DA & UBA<br />
offsprings are not dead but only<br />
wounded as Khruschev warned the<br />
liberated states .<br />
Da-«'hat did that mean to those<br />
free States in Africa, especially those<br />
satellites and "conservative" states<br />
tied to the former enemy and their<br />
offspring, Uba ?<br />
Uba - It did not penetrate the<br />
brainwashed mentality of those conditioned<br />
leaders . Have you ever<br />
checked the first and middle names<br />
c>i those mentioned in the press? Do<br />
' IN-On not discover they are all Europeans<br />
or Christian names ? And those<br />
names are not changed with independence,<br />
except by a few here and<br />
there who are now targets of foreign<br />
agents . It's a slow process to switch<br />
to the need of now-today.<br />
Da-Yes, Uba, that . is understandable<br />
but there was a time when it<br />
took months to travel from Timbuktu<br />
to Mecca . Today, with our jets, it<br />
only takes one-half day . Today with<br />
the printing press, radio and television,<br />
wire service s, it is time to be<br />
in step. It is time we looked out for<br />
ourselves multilaterally . We cannot<br />
afford to sit idle by and permit our<br />
leaders with ostrich mentality, self<br />
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glory, ego and self aggrandizement<br />
to jeopardize our preservation.<br />
Uba-What step do you propose<br />
be taken at this stage of reconstruction<br />
in addition to the Organization<br />
of <strong>African</strong> Unity (OAU) with now<br />
42 free States?<br />
Da -Africa has a population of<br />
395,000,000 on the continent and<br />
approximately 100,000,000 in the<br />
Americas . With such a horde who<br />
are now sick and tired of indignity<br />
commonly faced, and standing ready<br />
to redeem themselves, the following<br />
steps should be taken without delay.<br />
1) Delegated agents of <strong>African</strong><br />
States (not satellites nor conservatives)<br />
be commissioned to re-establish<br />
and reinforce the "MAU MAU"<br />
with instruction to politely inform<br />
those paid, subsidized and self-interest<br />
operators that the welfare of<br />
"the whole is greater than any of its<br />
parts." Let them know in brotherly<br />
fashion that if the masses go down,<br />
the suction will inevitably pull them<br />
down too .<br />
2) A special meeting of the OAU<br />
be summoned and promptly abolished,<br />
what the imperialists called,<br />
"<strong>African</strong> Nations" and elect one<br />
head of state-a Chief, King, Emperor,<br />
President, the name immaterial.<br />
3) Elect those with childish ambition<br />
as advisors, cabinet officials<br />
and other appropriate functions.<br />
4) Designate a commander-in-<br />
Chief to federalize or <strong>African</strong>ize<br />
all military forces on the continent<br />
-army, navy, air force, police along<br />
with the guerillas. This must be done<br />
with dispatch, since it is now abimdantly<br />
clear that the imperialists<br />
u tt<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
REMEMBER THE FREEDOM<br />
FIGHTERS<br />
IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE,<br />
RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA<br />
only respect the lead from the muzzle<br />
of a gun.<br />
It was reported that a field marshall<br />
from Egypt was named Commander<br />
of all <strong>African</strong> Forces. It is<br />
presumed his function was nullified<br />
by the satellites that gave "Rhodesia",<br />
South Africa and Portugal a<br />
free hand to push <strong>African</strong>s around .<br />
Uba-You know these free states<br />
recently merged. They are poor, in<br />
money, know-how and underdeveloped<br />
and having a lot of difficulties .<br />
Da-But, Uba, we have 42 Governments.<br />
Each one maintains Embassies,<br />
Consulates, agencies and<br />
commissions in foreign countries<br />
with rentals, equipments, salaries,<br />
etc ., running into the billions annually.<br />
With this one <strong>African</strong> Government<br />
the expenses of forty-one (41)<br />
states will be saved for securing<br />
peace and progress in Africa .<br />
Uba-The OAU might be moving<br />
in that direction beginning with one<br />
"Africa Hall" in Addis Ababa,<br />
Ethiopia .<br />
Da-Yes, Uba, but this is the "Jet<br />
Age", and marking time is out of<br />
date. Seeing 218,000 Europeans<br />
pushing around 4,000,000 <strong>African</strong>s<br />
in "Rhodesia" ; 3,000,000 kicking<br />
around 16,000,000 <strong>African</strong>s in South<br />
Africa and Portugal "messing"<br />
"<br />
::<br />
Phone 323-8847<br />
Hours : 12 Noon - 8 P.M .<br />
Closed Mondays<br />
;i<br />
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MMUMs " :U.MUMM.-MV:<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
a<br />
u<br />
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around in Angola and Mozambique<br />
and outside forces fanning the flame<br />
of fratricide in Nigeria, are not<br />
palatable pills to swallow .<br />
I)o we see the picture staring us<br />
in our faces where Angola, on the<br />
Atlantic and Mozambique on the Indian<br />
Ocean with the enemy in South<br />
Africa digging in?<br />
Uba-The picture is there in evidence<br />
and after everything is said<br />
and done it must occupy the interest<br />
of all <strong>African</strong>s at home and abroad<br />
like the interest of the Jews, from all<br />
parts of the world, in the Palestine<br />
issue. Sons and Daughters of Africa<br />
in strategic position in other parts of<br />
the world "must be smart" and help<br />
to maintain the <strong>African</strong> base more<br />
AGENTS WANTED<br />
to handle<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
Address :<br />
Circulation Manager<br />
S WEST 117th STREET<br />
New York, N. Y. 10026<br />
SEE SUNNY AFRICA THIS WINTER<br />
impregnable than any outside, all<br />
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INOTr : The following two letters addressed to Mr. Jom.0<br />
Logan, director of "<strong>African</strong> Ambassadors Ball & Dinner<br />
Committee", are released as information only .<br />
The writer of one is the outstanding <strong>African</strong> Statesman,<br />
Hon . Mark W. Mwithaga, member of the Kenya<br />
Parliament, who introduced the measure to "grant<br />
<strong>African</strong> Citizenship to her dispossessed sons and<br />
daughters in the United States and the Caribbean" .<br />
The other is Mr . E. U. Essien-Udom, professor of<br />
political science at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.<br />
My dear Jomo,<br />
I have to thank you for your letter of 19th June,<br />
'69, which reached me on 1st July, 1969, and the<br />
magazines which you enclosed therein, which I must<br />
confess, enthrilled me a lot .<br />
You may not believe it, I was somehow set to thinking<br />
how unworthy I am to be selected by your organization<br />
to receive this year's "Black Power Law Award",<br />
set for the 26 October, 1969, in New York City . But<br />
then, my philosophy on the rebirth of the <strong>African</strong><br />
peoples' lost shining shrines the world over could not<br />
allow me otherwise than to accept the Award . I accept<br />
the selection and of course the Award with open arms<br />
and joy.<br />
When I first thought of the need for Africa to allow<br />
her dispossessed sons and daughters, now scattered all<br />
over the world and mainly in America, was when I was<br />
on a study tour of the United Kingdom. There I met<br />
a lot of my brothers and sisters. And after interviewing<br />
a number of them, I could not help thinking of<br />
the ways of getting them back to their motherland,<br />
Mother Africa .<br />
I held and still hold a strong belief that not one of<br />
you or your forefathers left this continent of one's<br />
accord, but as slaves in shackles, manacles and fetters<br />
of the white empire builders . This was a criminal act<br />
against nature, humanity, and morality. It was a<br />
criminal act which has to be deplored each day of our<br />
life by all those who have pride in their being black<br />
people ; by all those who feel that time is ripe for<br />
Africa and her peoples wherever they may be the<br />
world over, to rebuild the destroyed shrines . It is in<br />
this field and this position that I find you and my<br />
other brothers and sisters on that part of the globe.<br />
All other peoples on the basis of their race, are busy<br />
trying to organize their true places in this world. Yes,<br />
the Arab world mobilization, the French intentions to<br />
reach Canada and other parts of the globe ; the Irish<br />
reunionization, the Jewish mobilization and Zionism,<br />
the European and of course the white man's scramble<br />
for the Space. Where is the Black man's position?<br />
Merely gaining freedom and independence is not all.<br />
It must be accompanied with absolute recognition of<br />
his position and his origin.<br />
We must organize to unite wherever we may be, for<br />
it is not until then, that we can regain our pride, our<br />
12<br />
LETTERS FROM THE HOMELAND<br />
rightful position, our destroyed shrines, indeed, our<br />
heritage. We must organize for absolute freedom to<br />
move and settle where we elect in our Mother Africa .<br />
This is what our States must continue to be told now<br />
and again .<br />
You on that part of the world can rest assured of<br />
positive victory in the end, now that you have taken<br />
the heavy burden on your shoulders to get all with you<br />
in that land to search for HARAMBEE (Jomo Kenvatta's<br />
Kenyan motto for togetherness) with their<br />
brothers and sisters in Mother Africa . You are not<br />
alone, and you'll never be alone.<br />
It was because you were not, are not, and will not<br />
be alone that I took the initiative and had the courage<br />
to table my motion in our National Assembly, to enable<br />
all Afro-Americans and the Caribbean Islanders to<br />
become automatic citizens of Kenya and other States<br />
of the Organization of <strong>African</strong> Unity. I maintain this<br />
is necessary ; I maintain this is inevitable . And I was<br />
filled with joy when I received hundreds of letters from<br />
that part of the world by individuals and organizations<br />
appreciating my efforts . Indeed even the East <strong>African</strong><br />
Students Union wrote me a wonderful note on the<br />
platter, and I dare say, all those appreciative notes<br />
meant the opening of new horizons for organizing all<br />
our peoples here and there to get to understand one<br />
another more than ever before.<br />
Get to work together in all spheres more than ever<br />
before ; get to struggle together to rebuild the destroyed<br />
shrine . It is my sincere hope that I will be able to<br />
meet many of them if I can come to America. I should<br />
like to see and meet the people I have so much affection<br />
and love for . I should like to meet them in that part<br />
of the world they were forced to. I should like to meet<br />
the brothers and sisters I want to see allowed to return<br />
to their Mother Africa as and when each one of them<br />
feels the need to do so .<br />
In the meantime, I send my warm regards to all<br />
your co-workers, associates, activists, and sympathizers .<br />
I send them salutations for the most sacred and glorious<br />
struggle you and them are carrying out. I dare add<br />
that persistence in struggle means victory .<br />
And until I hear from you, I remain,<br />
My dear Mr . Logan,<br />
In Internaional Brotherhood<br />
of the Black Peoples,<br />
MARK W. MWITHAGA, M.P .<br />
Nakuru Town Constituency<br />
The delay in acknowledging your letter of 19 June,<br />
1969 is very much regretted . I was pleased to learn<br />
for the first time of <strong>African</strong> American For Friendship<br />
& Retainment of our Image Culture & Arts. Naturally,<br />
I welcome the formation of your organization realizing<br />
the continuing need for black people in Africa and the<br />
Western world to maintain and intensify our contacts .<br />
I am therefore pl-ased to know that I have been unani-<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
AANDATE ADOPTED BY GARVEY<br />
CONVENTION<br />
The IIIree dt1v 15111 I nterllational<br />
('olIveIItIoII . (1f the I i\ 1 .1 c\ AfricoII<br />
('olmt11lnitie, opened scss10H<br />
111, die 1' :(rcllt Boils of the \vorld orlllllliztttic111,<br />
lltMt ('olunobla Avclouc,<br />
I'IIilaclelIdlia, 1'11 . 41,11 Anellst 2titll<br />
till-11 :3 .1,4 . 1969 aMid c'l0.0l ill tilt :tt-<br />
]tloslollere (if calln . There were 11(1<br />
r:1IIC(Il" 11(1 wr1IIIIII t . , 0V('1' 4lthelal<br />
posit ioli :1, 11,nal . It 11'as do lfcrela t(1<br />
cola-loses (1.f other ~ronloill!,:' . . "file<br />
t(l(1k file form of 11<br />
tl1( . Africatl Ir :lditi(x1,11 custom ttlld<br />
closed lsitll "Il :tr;tlnl>(~c', 1111 Afric :111<br />
slo'au c1t: .,111111i11~r t(,(,et}1er.<br />
I)ele",tti1'l11, from ( , m-ve,v I)iVi-<br />
,icllt ; lit till , I - 111tccl tihltcs altcl Ja-<br />
t1111ic-a, West IIldics ; ali(I reltrescltt :ttives<br />
from (oilier loc ;I1 or .~ :tlliz :ltio]ls<br />
(if Africml clescc-ltdellts ,:11 do%v1l<br />
to-Alter and devised :1,11(1 ]ileat1 .<br />
to further the "<strong>African</strong> li(Ylelllptioll<br />
Pro-l"ttll " as legislated 11v rcpre-entafivcs<br />
fr(tin the Afrienli .11'orlcl ('(011-<br />
1111111ities ill previous ( ( ollv('11tic111- .<br />
Arltolt - 1,111 distili ;"tli .llcd llartici-<br />
In1l1t . wire : Mr. 11are11s (ion-vv, Jr .<br />
(1f Kill". ,toll, J :1I11aiva, West 111(lies ;<br />
1I r. Allist afa IIasliiill . Prv .idellt of<br />
file Africn11-A111eric :l11 1'cpalriatioll<br />
Assoriatloll of 1'11ilndelpllia : 111%<br />
I ;okert I, . l11-(tel . leader (1f the<br />
I)ctcrn1111atiot1, I'Lell :tration altd Re-<br />
11 :1tri :tticIt1 ( ' (1IItIlkiItee , ,1f ilif,1r11in .<br />
IIIvIiIcIItIY, NIr. Ibex-l< \vtls elected<br />
AS,ist :tlit Sow retarv (wlleral of the<br />
1'111v+ rsal Africat1 11"oirlcl o n."tlliz :ltio11,<br />
f(1ultdcd li v file (list in-nislled<br />
:uld (IC1otmic suit (1f Africa, file late<br />
Il(o1 . 1krells (iltrvcv ill 1IIl t . All<br />
Miler officials rvl 1,1 nted to office "with<br />
the dcd1vafed I , 1csidvI1t-(iclicrA, Kr.<br />
Tho11tas 11 ' . Ilarve.N . , «olio presided .<br />
]tlously selected for the tllird l,)l>(ek I'(iwer Award fit .<br />
I'ollticttl Science.<br />
()hvionsIv, to 11e -1ven sm-11 :I hig1t 1lcolor is very<br />
-rtltifvill- tlltlt(nl ;gl1 it also 11-it ;ltvs the r1tind of the<br />
rrcillic]tt Who lleces,tlrils tlu1st Wonder wllat eolltrilnl-<br />
1 iou lie lms ltmde 1,(1 cleservv it . A . I 11111st defer to<br />
y(nlr Vigil se11Ne of lid-11tellt, 1 -l :ldls w-ccllt till .-,<br />
a11;1nl, llopin". t1lat ill ,0111e \s :1v, lust ( Icarls (111vi0ns<br />
1,(1 1111 T liti(Lltt Itnvo 1luldo u slio11t colltrlI111tioll to the<br />
:tdvall(-elllent (1f und( , 1 - ,I :l11d11 I 'll (1,f ollr volllvIolHlral,N<br />
.itn :ltiosll .<br />
I %risll t(1 tIt :tuk You, 111c Em ,cltfive and Illonolx'rs (1.f<br />
~~i1111 , "I"'Alliz .Iti,nl ,for till, verv Ill(olghtf111 :111(1 kllld<br />
-cstllrc . I hope that . tile 1)1r1(ls llctweell onlr people,<br />
Ph .3to : :Mr . : rtrslafrl flashim . Precirlent<br />
of the "Africa -American Rep,"itrialion<br />
Association ."<br />
'I'Ite dominati11- 1-"1(c dc ;ilt \sith<br />
11v 111c assclttlclY the - licl(alriu-<br />
ti(no I'll[", lwhldarlv k114m - 1t os ill(-<br />
- Mx Bill 11 N N'11 ;5", s11111nitted to.<br />
ille ('(,11-rcss (,f tltc 1 , 1111cd titatcs 1>.v<br />
('( ;llgte 111x11 Ito11erl Nix, :111 Africull<br />
Allu-ricnt1, (lit 11(-half (1f his coll~titllcltts<br />
Ili I'11i1a4Icllll1ia .<br />
The kill call ; upon the escclttise<br />
:1,11,(1 le-ishttivc kldics to t1l>11r(~lni ;itc "<br />
tltrcn1-11 lr;~i,lmiwll fnlul ., 1s111Wn 1,l.<br />
reporation, 1 , 411. :31)11 rears of c(otl-<br />
I)ukorv fret° laltor au(hservlces un(lc-r<br />
s111,l :lifer sl ;lvcrv . The fluid . re-<br />
Inested or denumded will enable the<br />
( otfspri]i-s (1f the .laves, who voluntarilY<br />
desire 1,(1 return to file laud of<br />
111cir fatllers to (ht so without lnlrdallip<br />
¬111,1 L(rill-. tell elld tc, three celltttric"s<br />
of :1!,;itallorl, frnstratiou and<br />
11i.m , coltfrotltaticut .<br />
The l)ocly 1111 ;111iuionl-dY c11chn-sed<br />
11w, third effort 1,.o settle this 3110<br />
vc :lr mlfinished business . (The first<br />
" 11el1 Dill was tow "Bi111o~ Bill," 1939<br />
\si111 siz lildholt 1lackers ; the second<br />
\C :1s the "l .al(ger kill," 1(148 . Both<br />
f ;iilcd t(1 :m , akcll the American eon-<br />
.( ie11(-c . ) Never the less, the coloventiont<br />
c;dl, tllxnl people (If goo(1N+"ill<br />
1N1 - 1,() 71 " Aist ill this peaceful and<br />
rcas(n] ;d11e appe :11 to assist ill fnrthcrilt!a<br />
I11e iltalienahle rig,-lit of self-<br />
(Icterltti11t1tioll chosen l1Y those who<br />
(Ic " irc to 1'eltll'll ill Afri("al .<br />
1'110 11oa1141ate especially calls on<br />
all org-altizalimts (if Afrietm people<br />
(people of <strong>African</strong> Mood and des(<br />
-( , 11t, ltla(-k people) religious, froler11<br />
:11, 1)(11111cal vt al to to+tively slipport<br />
the "Six bill 11 . li . on<br />
I(cllalf (1f fit(, .( , ewlcerned .<br />
llr. AI1ircus Garvey, Jr, the prinilril<br />
sllc aker, like Iii, father bluntly<br />
Mill directly m(arlled that hhlck pe(}<br />
I(le :It-( , sons 1111(1 dau-lttel°, of Africa<br />
It 11d as mill t 11ev 11 :1 vo the same prol1-<br />
Iv11ls . "fife sollitiolt ((f ilw,c, he eln<br />
1111t1sizel, 11l11st be 1t.snmed I) v all<br />
A1'ric,111, _ 1141 (1114 , else . <strong>African</strong>s<br />
abroad umst return to the 4fotller-<br />
1 :111d Help drive (1111- the eltelnv. And<br />
" illcc till evidence have Shown that<br />
ri-,ht :111(1 peaec are ]tilt seelll'el from<br />
:tllV f(ath1-1'v Iced 4}f vase, \ve lllllst<br />
I,e prclnred Ill (lie" fill- frccdo111 and<br />
scvnlriy .<br />
separated I1hVsicrtlly hilt not .I)ii-itually 11v the Athinlic<br />
()ce:m, will -rots ,trom ,ur and stron!~(~r 111 lire years<br />
:tl]c :td . I ltop' 111 .0 tllllt the Fiftll A111l11td Aticarl<br />
Attollasstlilor's Hall and 11iniker will be a great success .<br />
11~ (1t11~ regl-rut is float. I shall not 11c there lilt vsically<br />
lint will I1. . Ivith vo il ill spirit . 11et1mv11ile, I :1111 eolltactill-<br />
11 frieltd who will :ttlcltd the lull mid Dinner<br />
and receive the Awanl oil lnY 11e11alf.<br />
Witll :111 he-t ~sis'lw " .<br />
Yours fl-ti termtll v,<br />
I? . 1 ' . Ea,1 t:N-1 - 11(01<br />
ProP .sur of 1'olilir(11 ScY-lire<br />
Septe11111er, 1969 ( - nivcrsity (1f I l(adm1, \ i!g,,ria
Note : Following is the new statement of policy announced<br />
to the people by President Kenneth Kaunda.<br />
"First o£ all, I want to say to the mining companies<br />
that I am very disappointed at the virtual lack of<br />
mining development since Independence . Apart from<br />
very small developments at Kalengwa and Mimbula<br />
Fitula and some further development at existing mines,<br />
we have seen nothing . The companies claim that the<br />
royalty system has been against new development.<br />
Nevertheless, I think they have not done enough<br />
towards further development of the country in which<br />
they make their great profits . Let me also say that I<br />
do not agree with the Mining Companies that Royalties<br />
have been the obstacle to the development of the industry.<br />
I have been following their accounts and I<br />
know very well that they could have embarked upon<br />
further expansion, if they chose to devote part of their<br />
profits for this purpose. Instead of re-investing they<br />
have been distributing over eighty per cent of their<br />
profits every year as dividends."<br />
Having gone into the matter very thoroughly in my<br />
capacity as Minister of Mines, I now hold even stronger<br />
views than I did last year. You are all familiar as to<br />
how Cecil Rhodes and his clique in the "British South<br />
Africa Company", at the beginning of the century,<br />
acquired mineral concessions from our Chiefs. On Independcnee<br />
we took over the mineral rights which were<br />
held by the "British South Africa Company" . However,<br />
in practice this meant nothing except that we<br />
were able to levy a royalty on the extraction of minerals<br />
frcm our own soils.<br />
We found that all areas which were rich in mineral<br />
deposits were passed on in perpetuity by the "British<br />
South Company" to the two major Mining Groups -<br />
the "Anglo-American Corporation" and the "Rhodesian<br />
Selection Trust" which is now the "Roan Selection<br />
Trust" .<br />
Conspiracy Revealed in Operation<br />
If yon examine a geological map o£ Zambia you will<br />
find that most of the northern area of the country, the<br />
Copperbelt and the North-Western Province, is shared<br />
between these two groups . These groups hold the mining<br />
rights in perpetuity, i.e . forever and ever . All we<br />
obtained in Independence was the right to charge a<br />
royalty on the value of the minerals which were extracted<br />
from our soils . However, in order to charge<br />
the royalty we had to wait for the pleasure of the<br />
Alining Companies to develop a mine. Since they had<br />
the mining rights in perpetuity they were not particularly<br />
in a hurry to embark upon further development<br />
. «as a people's Government, had legally no<br />
power to force them and no power to take away their<br />
mining rights and offer them to other groups which<br />
were willing and able to commence new mining developments<br />
.<br />
Regardless of whether we needed development very<br />
badly we could not safeguard against a possible drop<br />
14<br />
ZAMBIA TAKES OVER MINERAL RIGHTS<br />
in the price of copper and consequent loss of Government<br />
revenues which would bring a halt to our development<br />
plans, present and future. We could not<br />
tell the Mining Companies : you either develop the<br />
areas which you have or we shall take them away from<br />
you and give them to somebody else who is willing to<br />
do so . We could not even tell them we shall take them<br />
away and develop them ourselves in the interest of the<br />
Nation .<br />
The Constitution which was handed down to us by<br />
our previous "Colonial masters" made sure that we did<br />
not have this power .<br />
Clause 18 of the Constitution was inserted for this<br />
specific purpose . And what is worse, Clause 18 could<br />
not be repealed by an Act of Parliament but only by<br />
a B(,ferendum, and in order to win the Referendum<br />
the Government, as I explained earlier, had to get a<br />
"ES vote from at least fifty-one per cent of all the<br />
voters registered on the Voters Roll .<br />
Now that the Nation has given me the mandate<br />
through the Referendum, I am able to announce farreaching<br />
Mining Economic Reforms which will set<br />
this Nation well and truly on the road to its Economic<br />
Independence.<br />
Steps Toward Economic Independence<br />
In the interest of the Nation and depending on the<br />
mandate that it gave me on the 17th Time, 1969, I<br />
hereby proclaim that all rights of ownership or partial<br />
ownership of Minerals must revert to the State. These<br />
include :<br />
The "'North Charterland Concession" which<br />
covers almost the entire Eastern Province and<br />
is owned by LONRHO.<br />
(2) The "Rhodesia Katanga Concessions" around<br />
the Mkushi area and which is partially owned<br />
by a British Company called the "Tanganyika<br />
Concessions".<br />
The Big Concession which is partially owned<br />
by the "<strong>African</strong> Gold and Base Metal Holdings",<br />
an affiliate of the "Anglo-American<br />
Corporation" .<br />
(4) 6 x 10 square mile areas partially owned by<br />
"Bechuanaland Exploration Company" .<br />
3 x 10 square mile area which are partially<br />
owned by the "Kafue Development Company"<br />
.<br />
Rhodesia Railway Farms and the Kwimbe<br />
Farm and Nyamokolo Farms entirely owned<br />
by the "London Missionary Society" .<br />
These Concessions gave the holders the right to all<br />
minerals in the areas . In addition, they gave them the<br />
right to explore and mine these minerals for their own<br />
account without even paying Royalty to the State.<br />
Furthermore, they gave them the right to grant mining<br />
rights to others and charge a Royalty for their own<br />
benefit.<br />
And Not Only That But<br />
We have been trying since Independence to negotiate<br />
AFRICAN OPINION
THE LAFAYETTE THEATRE<br />
RETURNS<br />
The theatre that held the attention<br />
of the <strong>African</strong> Community of Harlem<br />
during the thirties and mysteriously<br />
closed down has now returned<br />
triumphantly as the "New Lafayette<br />
Theatre" at 138th Street and 7th<br />
Avenue in New York City .<br />
With the resumption of pride and<br />
self-determination believed to have<br />
been inspired by the Garvey Wave,<br />
the Community then witnessed independent<br />
creation of plays with matchless<br />
acting never seen before in<br />
America .<br />
Many of the actors starred in<br />
"Shuffle Along," "Black Birds,"<br />
"How Come" attracted world attention.<br />
'1 'o obtain standing space only,<br />
tickets had to be secured three weeks<br />
in advance, especially that of "How<br />
Come," which many reported they<br />
saw three times. The fans had been<br />
so numerous that producers from<br />
other areas shrewdly picked out the<br />
stars, sandwiched them with their<br />
own and pulled the fans away, as<br />
with the case of the "Black Yankees"<br />
in Harlem .<br />
Black people are born actors and<br />
the future of the "New Lafayette<br />
Theatre" is undoubtedly bright, if<br />
self dependents and indigenous service<br />
continue to be the outlook as<br />
the present show indicated.<br />
with the holders to purchase back these Concessions in<br />
the interest of the Nation . We were faced with demands<br />
amounting to as high as half a million kwacha<br />
and this only for some of them .<br />
Example (a) . Litunga's Rights. The Litunga holds<br />
rights to determine conditions of prospecting licences,<br />
mining leases, etc ., and to claim Royalty on minerals<br />
in certain areas . . . I have to terminate these rights<br />
completely and without compensation . The rights of<br />
the Litunga should not be different to those of our<br />
other traditional Rulers . The rights of the Litunga<br />
are not different to those of the Nation, and I, and my<br />
Government are the elected custodians of the interests<br />
of the Nation . The Litunga can rest assured, however,<br />
that we shall exercise these rights in the best interests<br />
of the Nation as a whole.<br />
(b) Exclusive Prospecting Licences. These confer<br />
the right to prospect for the discovery of minerals in<br />
specified areas. There are a number of such licences<br />
in existence, most of them extending up to the end of<br />
AFRICAN OPINION<br />
THINGS WORTH NOTING<br />
KONGO OFFICIALS CALLED<br />
ON MOSCOW<br />
Two months ago press reported<br />
that Justin-Marie Bomboko, Foreign<br />
Minister of the Kongo (Kinshasa),<br />
called on Andrei A . Gromyko, Foreign<br />
Minister of the Soviet Union<br />
and exchanged views on developing<br />
greater relation between the two<br />
countries .<br />
During the Kongo conflict over<br />
Neo-colonists battle to retake the<br />
Kongo, under the watchful eyes of<br />
U.N . troops, the then manacled Kongo<br />
Officials were pressured into asking<br />
the Socialist States to remove<br />
their Diplomatic Missions . And what<br />
was most comical of all, in the frantic<br />
efforts of those with designs on Africa,<br />
was to request the U. A. R .<br />
(Egypt), a sister <strong>African</strong> State to<br />
leave too, leaving only NATO and<br />
satelites in charge .<br />
Not long after a "Lumiunba College<br />
of Technology" was established<br />
in Russia, a concrete gesture as<br />
things stood ; since, when independence<br />
declared there were only four<br />
(4) college trained Kongolese in a<br />
population of sixteen million .<br />
BLOODY UPRISING<br />
EMERGING<br />
The Rev. Dr . Franklin Clark Fry,<br />
President of the 3,000,000 members<br />
of the Lutheran Church, sent the<br />
following message to the "White Society"<br />
of America in January : "A<br />
racial emergency of gigantic proportion"<br />
coming ; "More destructive and<br />
bloody uprisings that are no longer<br />
going to be confined to the ghetto<br />
areas but will be carried into white<br />
areas" .<br />
"Unpleasant as it is for me to say<br />
and for you to hear, the United<br />
States confronts a time of spiraling<br />
and spreading violence . . . unless a<br />
massive improvement of the lot of<br />
`negro' ghettos (<strong>African</strong> Communities)<br />
come quickly ."<br />
"Frighteningly outspoken <strong>African</strong><br />
Americans are more and more expressing<br />
their willingness to die, for<br />
what they believe is right, and not<br />
unwilling to have others die with<br />
them."<br />
The seed of conflict sprouted in<br />
1619 A.D . on the "Good Ship<br />
Jesus", watered and now grown to<br />
the tree of danger . "Helping slum<br />
residents as proposed is saying to<br />
those driven into frustration : We are<br />
not concerned with your hopes, aspirations<br />
nor your outlook . . . This<br />
is what we plan for you, an irritating<br />
gesture, the germ of conflict .<br />
1970 . I am going to allow these licenses to cover their<br />
,11111 course but the holders will have to accept the new<br />
conditions that I shall impose upon them. The most<br />
important condition is that the State will have the right<br />
to take up (at least) fifty-one percent of the shares in<br />
any mine that may be established as a result of a discovery<br />
of Minerals .<br />
(c) Special Grants and Mining Locations . These<br />
are the rights that Cecil Rhodes and his successors, the<br />
"British South Africa Company", have passed on<br />
mainly to the two Mining Groups in Zambia to enjoy<br />
in perpetuity, i.e., forever and ever.<br />
These Special Grants cover vast areas of the country.<br />
Some of them have been lying idle, and the holders of<br />
the Special Grants did not even make an attempt to<br />
explore in these areas for the existence of Minerals .<br />
Some of them are in the process of being explored<br />
now ; others have been explored and Minerals discovered<br />
. (Continued in next issue)
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Books of Value for Particular Readers !<br />
AFRICAN LANGUAGE BOOKS FOR BEGINNERS I<br />
! I<br />
HAUSA GRAMMAR -- the most widely spoken LIBERIA'S PAST AND PRESENT<br />
language in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 3.00 By Nathaniel R. Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 6.00<br />
I NEGRO MAKERS OF HISTORY SELECTED WRITING OF SIMON BOLIVA<br />
I I3y Carter G . LC'oodson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .511 Edited by Harold A. Bierck, Jr ., 2 Volumes . . . 6.00<br />
Boliva, The Great Leader, a man of <strong>African</strong> I<br />
I BLACK MOSES blood and descent<br />
I By E . David Cronon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
1 .95<br />
A story of Marcus Garvey and his program for<br />
The Philosophy and <strong>Opinion</strong> of Marcus Garve or I<br />
! <strong>African</strong> Redemption<br />
Africa For the <strong>African</strong>s, Vol, I & II Combined<br />
Hard Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 t)<br />
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THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE<br />
Paper Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , - , , . . . . . . 7.50<br />
UNITED STATES IN LIBERIA GARVEY & GARVEYISM I<br />
By Raymond W. Bix1er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . 3.00 By A. Jacques Garvey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00<br />
I GHANA WORLD'S GREAT MEN OF COLOR<br />
The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah . . . . . . 5.00 300 B.C . to 1946 A.D .<br />
By J . A. Rogers<br />
NEO-COLONIALISM, THE LAST STAGE Vol . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1,50<br />
OF IMPERIALISM Vol . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50<br />
By Kwame Nkrumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50 Both Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.00<br />
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AFRICA'S GIFT TO AMERICA<br />
By J . A . Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
CHALLENGE OF THE CONGO<br />
By Kwatne Nkrumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
7.00<br />
7.50<br />
FROM SUPERMAN TO MAN<br />
By J . A . Rogers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />
ANCIENT TIMES-A History of the Early World<br />
B y James Henry Breasted, Ph .D ., L.L.D. . . . .<br />
2.50<br />
7 .00<br />
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GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER<br />
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