African Opinion - Freedom Archives

Jan.-Feb., 1969 Africa Summit Conference Reports 

AFRICA DAY 

SPECIAL 

MESSAGE 

Qy DR . KWANIE NhRU\fAH 

DESIGNED 

TACTICS 

HASTENING 

RACIAL 

CONFLICT 

By DA 8: UBA

2 

THE CASE OF OCCUPIED AFRICA 

NorE : .The following are quotations from the case 

of "South ll'est Africa" (Namibia) and the occupied 

areas of Africa, presented to the United Nations' General 

Assembly, -November 21 7, 1968 by 12r. V. J. 

111waanga, the representative of the Republic of Zambia 

(formerly Northern Rhodesia) and reproduced for our 

readers' ! benefit . 

Naani'bia, is known to all Africans as the area that 

huropeans called "South West Africa ." SIVAPO, is 

the abbreviation of (South lhest African People Organization) 

. "Boutustans" are barren ; slow death areas 

in South Africa in which Africans are thrown by 

dugged-in armed Europeans scattered reservations 

and guarded against , relief, genocide camps . 

The population of South Africa and Namibia is 16 

million Africans and 3 million Europeans. 

Parenthetic statements, subheads apd Italics are ours . 

Once again the General Assembly is considering the 

problem of Namibia, which has remained fixed on the 

agenda of the United Nations for many years . Since 

the subject was last debated, the situation has assumed 

a grave proportion, which will darken the pages of 

historv. 

WeUhave witnessed the creation of the first bantustan 

in Namibia, the removal of all the indigenous people 

from the old location of Windhoek to segregated areas, 

the killing of SWAPO freedom fighters in Caprivi 

Strip a few weeks ago, and the denial of justice to the 

31 Namibians who were being illegally tried by South 

African Courts ; to mention only a few . 

It has been evident since 1946 that the racist regime 

of South Africa had decided to incorporate Namibia 

within its territorial frontiers. As is well known, subsequent 

efforts by the International Community to dislodge 

South Africa from the territory of Namibia did 

not bear any fruitful results. 

A Gauntlet Thrown to''All Africans 

It is a matter of deep regret to my delegation that 

the International Community has failed to compel 

South Africa to abandon its criminal policy. Instead 

of taking resolute and drastic measures against South 

Africa, Ax Uni.ted Nations has been evasive and ineffective 

. More than seventy (70) resolutions on this 

question prominently occupy the pages of the United 

Nations. It is clear that resolutions alone will not have 

any meaningful effect on the course of events - in 

Namibia or indeed help to speed up the achievement 

of self-determination and independence for the suffering 

people of that territory . 

The United Nations has a special and direct responsibility 

to the people of that territory, because not 

only are we confronted with a case of sheer colonial 

domination in its most hideous form, but we are also 

duty bound to defend the very spirit of the Charter . 

The "League of Nations" mandate for Namibia can 

no longer serve as a valid basis for the perpetual fore- 

ible enslavement of half million people in their homeland 

by a minority clique of white imported racists 

operating in South Africa . 

The International Court of Justice (an imperialist 

arm) took six long years to decide judging not to judge" 

. . . the imperative merits of the case brought before 

the Court by the African States of Ethiopia and 

Liberia . 

U. N., Come Out in the Open 

The fundamental issue is moral, humanitarian and 

political . Namibia is the homeland of 500,000 Africans 

; quite unlike the imported racists in South Africa, 

have no other hom- . These people and their ancestors 

have lived there for centuries, and one might say even 

since the dawn of history. Therefore, they have an 

inalienable right to live there in peace without any 

foreign domination or oppression . 

They have a God given right to their freedom and 

independence and to develop their own political, social 

and economic institutions. They have a right to enjoy 

their own cultural heritage, no matter what any clique 

of arrogant outsiders might think . And as such there 

is no mandate, no treaty, no law on earth that could 

legitimately rob them of this right of freedom and selfdc-termination 

. 

The United Nations itself is not endowed with the 

riL,:ht to obstruct the wishes of the indigenous people 

of Namibia . The urgent question is that of freedom 

or enslavement, and it is high timA that Member States 

of the United Nations, and especially those who have 

the key to the balance of power in that area, let the 

world know on which side they are on . 

Military Fortress Against African Nationalism 

The shrewd banditry of South Africa's behavior expresses 

itself in the way she skillfully abuses the legal 

process in making white friends and oppressing African 

people. First as a mandatory power, she was in 

the enviable position to exploit the mineral wealth of 

Namibia for her own selfish profit, and at the same 

time secure a huge chunk of Africa as a Northern 

military fortress against the inevitable rise of African 

nationalism to the North. 

Such naked piracy is certainly unparalleled in international 

affairs . . . The racist regime in South Africa 

uses international law to get what they want, then tern 

round after to reject the very existence of the law." 

The actions and attitude of the Pretoria regime are 

tantamount to international legal gangsterism . 

This being the case, the United Nations has absolutely 

no alternative but to respond to the wishes of 

the indigenous people by bringing this regime to sanity. 

It is the duty of all Members of this organization 

who love peace, who believe in the universal brotherhood 

of man, who love freedom and justice to support 

appropriate measures to rid the people of Namibia 

from foreign occupation and other manifest evils of' 

(Continued on page 14) 

AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICAN OPINION 

Journal of 

Independent Thoughts and Expression 

Vol. 8 JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1969 Nos . II & 12 

Jas . L . Brown .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . Editor and Manager 

Victor G. Cohen . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..... . .. . .. ... . .. Associate Editor 

H. Cumberbatch . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . .... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . Associate Editor 

Gladys P. Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor 


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The Black Man's 

HOLIDAY 

Front Cover Photo : School Boy in Equator May 25th of Each Year 

Province, Kongo, Unobstructed and Free 

from Fear. UN Photo. THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN 

The Case of Occupied Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAY 

Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

"Return to Africa Heard at Hampton . . . . . . . . . 5 We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of 

Whither Are We Going? African descent: Religious, Political, Fraternal, 

By Victor G. Cohen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etc ., for Mutual Observance of: 

Africa Day Special Message May 25th - All Africans' Day 

By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loud! 

Land Grant to African-Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict U N I A & African Communities League 

By Da & LTba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Ethiopian World Federation, Inc . 

Society of African Descendants, Inc. 

Africa Invites Black Power Conference . . . . . . . . 11 Our Families Protection Association, Inc . 

Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 

African-American Teachers Association 

Harlem Labor Union 

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3

Dear Editor, 

I compose this letter because I am 

deeply interested in the political and 

social progress of my homeland, Africa. 

Although I was born here in 

America my heart and soul have always 

been in Africa among my 

Brothers and Sisters with whom I 

share a common cause "in all relative 

aspects ." 

Sir, I read every edition of the 

African Opinion and I must comment 

that it is very informative as 

well as educational for those who 

are interested in the obvious or less 

obvious struggles of the black man 

collectively . It is a wonderful feeling 

to be able to read African literature 

and feel confident that you 

are receiving the truth ; as does 

one experience reading the African 

Opinion . 

Without complaining in this facet, 

I profoundly feel that every black 

person in America has experienced 

the persecution of prejudice discrimination 

in some form or other 

without provocation. Thus it is both 

sad and tragic the injustice which I 

have had to sustain at the hands of 

political scavengers ; who saw the 

opportunity to further their political 

careers through my persecution and 

sufferings . 

I was illegally sent to prison for 

allegedly kidnapping three racist 

police officers. My trial was widely 

publicized, as a result of this, the 

presiding judge and other political 

personnel perpetrated to deprive me 

of enjoying any form of justice. 

Therefore I was used as a. scapegoat 

and a political stepping stone . Thus 

I am at present a political prisoner 

whose efforts towards freedom are 

constantly being obstructed by the 

white politicians who are responsible 

for my illegal incarceration . 

Without elaborating upon the daily 

atrocities which I sustain in prison, 

I would like to request of you, Mr. 

4 

African World Wide Survey 

October 17, 1968 

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 

MY THOUGHT FOR TODAY 

By W. D. Anderson, Liaison 

There used to be a great struggle 

for "Integration", "Equal Rights" 

and "Racial Equality" . There is 

something that causes all of this 

trouble and excitement . We should 

ask ourselves the question : If we all 

started out equal (Independence 

Declaration : "that all men are created 

equal . . .") what happened? 

Did we lose our equality? If we 

lost it, let's find it, then put it to 

work for our best interests . 

If we have talents let's join hands 

around the world and use our talents, 

not to make others unhappy, but use 

it for ourselves and our coming generations' 

safety, security and happi- 

Editor, to assist me in my endeavor 

to correspond with Africans of both 

sexes, who are interested in their African-American 

Brothers and Sisters, 

so that I may thus broaden my scope 

upon the country which I am united 

by a common cause. 

P.S . : Mr . Editor, I doubt if this 

letter will reach you because my mail 

here at this prison is frequently obstructed 

. However, if it does reach 

you "Please" acknowledge receiving 

such . 

Sincerely, 

Otis X. Adams, #90279 

P. O. Box 779 

Marquette, Mich. 49855 

Otis X. Adams 

AGENTS WANTED 

to handle 


Address : 

Circulation Manager 

8 WEST 117th STREET 

New York, N . Y . 10026 

REMEMBER THE FREEDOM 

FIGHTERS 

IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE, 

RHODESIA, SOUTH WEST AFRICA 

ness. If we have talents and do not 

use them we must blame no one but 

ourselves . 

True we have been brought up in 

a surrounding where we saw but little 

in picture, carvings or reading 

that would have a tendency to remind 

us that we have had a glorious 

history. Lacking these we seem to be 

blind to the truth and deaf to the 

echo of our calling . 

The Emancipation Proclamation 

is over a hundred years old . Since 

the declaration men and women of 

both races have gone far to point out 

the true way to what we need - and 

that should be what, we want. This 

will give us complete Emancipation. 

Then we will cease to be big babies 

and accept being weaned . 

Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, 

Charles Fenton Mercer, James 

Monroe, Paul Cuffe, Bishop H. M. 

Turner, Mrs . M. L . Gordon, Marcus 

Garvey . . . have put forth the efforts 

to make us men. 

Let us integrate our finances 

among ourselves now and also sign 

a petition for the passage of a Repatriation 

Bill . This will go further 

towards solving our problems honestly, 

realistically and safely than anything 

else that some of our people 

are now attempting. 

For further information and clarification 

of the workings of Universal 

Negro (African) Improvement Association 

and African Communities 

League, visit the local "Liberty Hall" 

any Sunday 3 P.M. at 1110 Broadway, 

Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. W. E . 

Sanders, President. 

AFRICAN OPINION

The faculty and student body of 

Hampton Institute, one of the colleges 

set up for the education of 

Africans freed from American slavery, 

heard a renewed plan to relieve 

the vexing problem facing black 

people in America. 

The plan of action was discussed 

bv Bro. Mustafa Hashim, a representative 

of the African Repatriation 

Association with office at 5119 Chestnut 

Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

The Association, Mr . Hashim reported, 

"has presented a bill to the 

Congress of the U. S. requesting 

government assistance "to those who 

want to return" to the African 

fatherland and who, because of discrimination 

and repression, have 

been prevented from amassing the 

means to move with their families 

and belongings and to sustain themselves 

for the brief period of readjustment 

. 

The request, the lecturer went on, 

is only a fraction of reparation due 

the Africans for over 300 years of 

blood, sweat and tears that helped 

build America . 

Garvey's Plea Repeated 

Opening with Marcus Garvey's 

"appeal to the soul of white America," 

he said, "the historical conditions 

which led to the depression, degradation 

and de-humanization of the 

freed Africans have not changed . 

The dictated solution to our problem 

of "laying down our buckets" 

here has, as planned, failed miserably. 

For that reason, "we must 


"'RETURN TO AFRICA" HEARD AT HAMPTON 

return to mother Africa, since America 

no longer needs us," especially 

with her "Population Explosion", 

her perfected automation, chronic 

unemployment, mounting relief cases 

and the tax burden . 

"The brothers in the jails, the 

poor, the oppressed, the 'unemployed 

are truly aware, willing and have 

ever been ready to return to Africa, 

the spokesman said, "where condition 

and climate are far more favorable 

to a happier living than here . 

Visiting Students to Africa 

Reported 

Highlighting the program was Mr. 

John A. Williams' film comparing 

scenes on his visit to Nigeria, with 

palm trees, dancing and playing on 

beaches, with the impoverished areas 

of Philadelphia . Williams stated 

that he was called "Omowale" which 

means "the son who has returned 

home" in the African language . 

Many of the students signed a petition 

giving their support to "the 

right of those, who want to return 

to Africa," to seek government aid 

through Reparation. 

Mr. James Parker, Chairman of 

the "Black Forum", invited Bro . 

Mustafa to Hampton. 

Parker was also in Nigeria for 

two months during the summer and 

was adopted by a Nigerian family. 

During his trip he also visited 

Ghana, Togoland and Dahomey. He 

said that the question most often 

asked bv the Africans he met was 

why did he stay in America? "I was 

Slogan : "TRUTH AND CHARITY" 

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unprepared to answer that question," 

Parker said. "It was the first time 

I had been presented with it." Only 

21 years old, he is now hoping to 

return and help build Africa after 

graduation from Hampton in Virginia 

. 

Three Bills Before Congress 

The program ended with a great 

ovation and Bro . Mustafa was extended 

an invitation to return the 

coming semester to further develop 

the theme of Repatriation. Theodis 

Holland, president of the Student 

Government congratulated Bro. Mustafa 

for an interesting and informative 

lecture. 

NOTE : It is reproted that three 

bills for assistance are presently before 

Congress . One submitted by 

"The Ethiopian Peace Movement" 

of Chicago; another by the "Selfdetermination, 

Reparation and Repatriation 

Committee" of California 

and the third by the "African American 

Repatriation Association of 

Philadelphia. 

The bills embodied in sum and 

substance the provisions of the 

"Longer Bill" of 1948, submitted by 

"African Nationalist Movements," 

of New York and the "Bilbo Bill" 

of 1939 submitted by the Ethiopian 

Peace Movement of Chicago, Ill. The 

"Bilbo Bill" although endorsed by 

six million signatures was ignored 

by Congress . Disregarding the wishes 

of 6,000,000 adults and thereby create 

a state of frustration, requires 

close re-examination. 

Recreational 

- Discussions 

Loans 

Phone : FI 8-5804 

Mr . L. Kofi Brown, President

!"Tow that the DAWN OF FREE- 

DOM has finally arrived, the question 

is - where do we go from here? 

Now that we are beginning to know 

ourselves, know from whence we 

came, know our heritage, we should 

grasp the golden ke;v of Unity and 

demonstrate in practical and visible 

action that we are one in thoughts 

-words and deeds . When an African 

is abused or mistreated anywhere 

it should be our concern ; and 

-we should not hesitate to use any 

means necessarv to prevent its reeurrence 

. 

Where do we go from here in the 

field of racial education? Every African-American 

boy and -irl from 

the age of five and up should be 

taught the history of Africa - the 

home of his and her ancestors. This 

will impart a great sense of pride 

and enable them to carry on the torch 

of mental and intellectual freedom. 

Lot us take a page out of the history 

o£ the Jews . When a Jewish 

child leaves the public schools in 

the afternoon, he is sent to a Jewish 

school in the evenings to be taught 

the history and customs of his or her 

ancestors. We should do likewise for 

our children's sake. Every church 

Shortage in trained manpower is due 

former colonial administration . 

WHITHER ARE WE GOING? 

By Victor G. Cohen 

should open its d(mrs for this 

purpose . 

Where do we go from here in the 

field of Economic education? The 

majority of us are not trained to 

earn a decent livelihood for ourselves 

and our families . Our remonstrances 

have created a "wind of change" 

which will enable us to better our 

economic condition . Those of us who 

are net so equipped should take ad- 

Teachers Wanted In Zambia 

Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on 

Development Program. 

W 

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S -M 

1 1m primary to teacher tra 

_+ " 1 " . . Czechoslovakia 

" 1 1 p . 

1 ' 

1 1 1 1 

1 

1 111 klet on : Teaching and Living in 

11 1 Educational nal Attach6 

1 ian Embassy 

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' 

Washington, 

supplied , " 

to restricted e 

" 

~ 

vantage of this created opportunity . 

Remember the old adage : 

edge is power." 

"Knowl- 

Let us not be like the wilful child 

who cries unnecessarily . His mother 

thought lie was lningry and gave him 

some food, he promptly threw it on 

the floor . Remember this : success 

will always come to those who think 

positively . 

POSITIVE THINKING 

tiuccess will always come to those 

Who think in a positive way 

Its golden door is never closed 

To positive thinkers, night or day . 

If You are positive in your thoughts 

Negative ones will have no room 

For "Dame Success" will be inside 

To guide your actions without fear . 

Think positive, let the negative go 

This weakling was not made for you 

1Trrfold the positive powers of bind 

And leave the negative ones behind . 

If you do this from day to day 

Success is bound to come ,your way 

For she admires nothing less 

Than positive thinking at its best . 

iM;M;EW ;UVO 

a massive Educational 

ucational policies of the C 

1 1 

ining, technical training, 

combined with four 

W 1 

among 1 us youths . 

Zambia 

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AFRICAN OPINION

AFRICA DAY SPECIAL MESSAGE 

NOTE : The following Message 

from Dr. Nkrumah, the outstanding 

African patriot and leader, who commands 

the adherence of all "Africans, 

at home and abroad" by his 

spectacular accomplishment while 

sitting as president of Ghana . Not 

only did the osagyefo (savior) put 

Ghana on par with the few advanced 

States in Africa in a few years but 

brought about the continental governrnent 

(Organization of African 

Unity) before lee was removed from 

his dedicated vanta,ged position by 

Western imperialists . 

This special message is reproduced 

from the AZANIA NEWS, organ of 

the "Revolutionary Command" of 

the Pan Africani.s t Congress of 

South Africa, for our readers' benefit. 

It is also a service to enable 

leaders of the African group abroad 

to evaluate the situation and to consider 

the appropriate co-ordinated action 

required to meet this threatening 

challenge . 

As the armed phase of the African 

revolution for total liberation and 

unity gains momentum in Central 

and Southern Africa, racist settlers, 

imperialists and neo-colonialists are 

intensifying and diversifying their 

efforts to consolidate and extend their 

domination . They are faced with a 

protracted guerrilla struggle which 

in the long run they know they cannot 

win . But they are seeking by 

joint military action to contain it, 

and by devious and insinuating economic 

and political penetration to 

undermine its strength . 

They see their opportunity in the 

continuing disunity of independent 

Africa, the lack of continental planning 

and direction of the liberation 

struggle, and in the willingness of 

certain African leaders to allow their 

countries to become client states . 

Collective imperialism confronts a 

disunited, weakened, independent 

Africa . 

The situation demands immediate 

and drastic remedy . We must throw 

the full weight of a united, revolutionary 

Africa into the struggle . 

Each day that we delay, we fail our 

gallant freedom fighters and betray 

our people . 

It is an open secret that South 

AFRICAN OPINION. 

By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah 

Africa, Portugal and Rhodesia are 

cooperating in the military sphere 

to crush guerrilla campaigns in the 

territories they occupy. They exchange 

information about freedom 

fighter activities, allow overflights 

and landings of military aircraft in 

each other's countries, and in the 

case of South Africa, supply armed 

forces and helicopters to assist in the 

counter offensive . 

A military intelli- 

gence board, known as the "Council 

of Three," is said to--meet regularly 

in Pretoria, South Africa ; Salisbury 

iii Rhodesia ; Lourenco Marques, in 

Mozambique ; or Luanda in Angola ; 

to prepare joint action . 

Unholy United Council Operating 

The world first heard of the participation 

of South African forces 

in military action outside their own 

borders in August 1967, when a 

sarong force of freedom fighters went 

into action around Wankie Game Reserve 

in Rhodesia . A large contingent 

of South African police in 

armoured cars was rushed to the 

scene. Since then, there have been 

innumerable reports of South African 

intervention. In Rhodesia, South 

West Africa, Angola and Mozambique, 

South African helicopters are 

being used to hunt freedom fighters. 

Armed South African police are 

operating against nationalists in 

South West Africa . South African 

troops are reported in both Angola 

and Mozambique . 

Enemy co-operation is not only 

confined to defensive operations . 

There are clear indications that the 

members of the "Council of Three" 

are planning offensive action against 

independent African states. Zambia 

has been openly threatened . Furthermore., 

some ten miles from her 

border, on the Caprivi Strip, the 

"South Africans" have built an 

enormous airfield, said to have a two 

mile runway . There are many reports 

of armed incursions of "Rhodesians", 

"South Africans" and 

Portuguese over the borders between 

Zambia, Rhodesia, and Mozambique . 

The example of the recent Israeli 

aggression against Arab states has 

not passed unnoticed in Pretoria, and 

has been publicly proclaimed in 

South Africa as an effective way of 

dealing with a so-called "threat" 

from neighbouring states. 

Close All African Ranks Demanded 

Faced with the combined military 

strength of the South Africans, Pertugal 

and Rhodesian settlers, African 

freedom fighters must close their 

ranks and put an end to rivalries . 

They must also be supported by 

united and determined action on the 

part of the whole independent Africa 

. No part of Africa is free while 

any of our national territory remains 

unliberated . There can be no coexistence 

between African independence 

and imperial and neo-colonial 

domination; between, independent 

Africa and racist,, minority, settler 

governments. 

The military obstacles we have to 

overcome to achieve our goal of total 

liberation and an All-African Union 

Government are obvious and surmountable 

. Less easy to recognize 

and to combat are the insidious, often 

disguised workings of neo-colonialism, 

- the economic and political 

pressures which seek to undermine 

our independence and to perpetuate 

and extend the grip of foreign monopoly 

finance capital over the economic 

life of our continent . 

Many of our so-called independent 

states are in fact neo-colonies. They 

have all the outward appearance of 

sovereignty but their economy and 

therefore their political policy is directed 

from outside . Some have been 

in the grip of neo-colonialism since 

independence. Others have been subjected 

to neo-colonialism by means 

of military coups engineered by neocolonialists 

acting in conjunction 

with indigenous reactionaries . 

In recent. months, with the intensification 

of the guerrilla struggle in 

Central and Southern Africa, pressure 

has been strongly directed towards 

those states which have common 

frontiers with South Africa, 

Rhodesia, economically, and thus 

hold up the advance of the African 

Revclnticn and at the same time to 

improve their own neo-colonialist 

position. 

Aiding and Abetting the Enemy 

The tragedy is that some African 

heads of state are themselves actually 

7:

aiding and abetting imperialists and 

neo-colonialists. In February 1967, 

Malawi became the first independent 

African state to conclude a trade 

agreement, and later to establish diplomatic 

relations with South Africa . 

Since then, other African states have 

also been lured into the South African 

neo-colonialist web by a mixture 

of "aid" and carefully-veiled threats . 

The withdrawal of Britain from 

the High Commission territories, the 

break between Britain and Rhodesia 

as a result of U.D .I . (Unlawfully 

Declared Independence), and the 

outbreak of guerrilla warfare in the 

Portuguese colonies, has given South 

Africa a golden opportunity to jump 

in. South Africa is in the classic 

imperialist position of a manufacturing 

country seeking new outlets for 

its capital and goods. Its policy is 

to exploit the labour and resources 

of its hinterland, thereby strengthening 

South Africa's ecenomy and at 

the same time delaying the advance 

of the African Revolution . 

South Africa's "new policy" of improved 

relations with African states 

has been described as the building of 

"bridges" rather than "forts" . The 

crux of the matter was revealed 

clearly in the editorial of the South 

African Financial Gazette of 10th 

May 1968 

"11%e must build more bridges and 

less forts. The might of our armed 

forces are not enough to shield off 

hostilities still being built up against 

South Africa in some African States . 

We must build more bridges into 

AID AFRICA NOW 

Committee, Inc. 

2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St .) New York, N . Y . 10027 

Appeals for Relief Funds for the Black Brothers and 

Families driven from their homes in Angola, Mozambique, 

South West Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa . . . 

by Colonialist Bombing Planes and now Refugees in 

Neighboring States . 

Please make donations to the above Committee 

and mail to : P.O . Box 126 

New York, N . Y. 10027 

All Funds will be sent through the 

Organization of African Unity 

Africa. In Malawi (Nyasaland) ice 

have virtually spanned a bridge into 

the heart of Africa ." 

Is Malawi Inviting Tragedy? 

A delighted broadcaster in Salisbury 

on 8th October 1967 praised 

Dr. Banda for what he called his 

"realistic policy", and added : "the 

nations which are nearest to South 

Africa have been the quickest to 

realize the side on which their bread 

is buttered." He referred here to 

Lesotho and Botswana (Basutoland 

and Betuanaland, formerly) . 

South Africa is daily increasing 

her economic and political penetration 

into African territories . The Lesotho 

government iii 1967 appointed 

three "South Africans" to "advise" 

on political and economic affairs . In 

Rhodesia, South African capital investment 

alrcadv exceeds that of 

Britain ; and it 4is mainly the support 

of South Africa which has enabled 

Ian Smith's rebel regime to 

survive. 

The South African government 

has recently granted eight million 

rand ($11,160,000 .00) to Malawi 

for the building of the new capital 

city at Lilongwe . Of the five million 

rand set aside for "economic cooperation", 

two million has already been 

ear-marked for Malawi as a "first 

instalment" this year . Since 1964, 

when Malawi became independent, 

imports from South Africa have 

doubled ; while the main force behind 

capital investment in Malawi 

is increasingly the South African 

government itself . 

The 

All Africans Must Be Alerted 

The South African Liberation 

Movement together with the peoples 

of independent Africa and freedom 

fighters wherever they are operating 

must be alert to this new challenge. 

Nco-colouism, like colonialism and 

imperialism can only be banished 

from our midst by armed struggle. 

In East, Central and West Africa, 

neo-colonialism is hard at work fostering 

regional economic groupings, 

in the knowledge that without political 

cohesion they will remain weak 

and subject to neo-colonialist pressures 

and domination . The U. S. 

government in its latest statement on 

"aid" has said that it will favour 

thoFe states which are grouped to- 

-ether in this way. 

As each new attempt is made to 

divide its and to divert us from our 

purpose it must be exposed and attacked. 

Already, the ordinary men 

and women of Africa are talking the 

language of the African Revolution . 

They speak of freedom and unity, 

and know that these objectives are 

synonymous, and can only be attained 

through armed struggle . In 

some cases, the people of Africa are 

ahead of their governments. But the 

pressures they are exerting will inevitably 

compel the pace forward. 

We must recognize and fight the 

external and the internal enemy, and 

combine all our resources in the great 

struggle which lies ahead. With cohesive 

planning and with a full 

awareness of our united strength, 

nothing can halt the process towards 

fugal victory. 

NOW ON THE RECORD 

Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice 

of 

MARCUS GARVEY 

Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people 

before the world . In your own home you can now hear 

THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS 

that shook the world for only $1.50 - by mail $2.25. 

Payment in Advance 

VANGUARD LOCAL, UNIA & ACL 

2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St .) 

New York, N . Y . 10027 

AFRICAN OPINION

Photo : Miss Miriant Mkeba 

Re-united After 300 Years 

The will of hate had it so that 

after 30() years of parting Stokelyy 

Carmic-bael from Trinidad, West Indies, 

and Miriam Makeba from 

South Africa appeared recently on a 

television program in New York as 

man and wife. Carmichael and Alakeba 

ran into each other in the 

United States and put to an end the 

concocted concept, of their common 

enemy, that "East is East and West 

is West never the twain shall ineet ." 

The instigators of separation probably 

had forgotten the dominance of 

that. "precious ties of blood" and 

that, identity (if color in this case . 

Carmichael was dragged away 

from iMakeba, placed on the "Good 

Ship desrts", brought to Iamestown, 

Virginia (1011) A.D . ), dragooned to 

the Caribbean and bartered for molasses. 

IIe returned to the United 

States, attended Howard University 

and became a leader ]it the fight for 

freedom . 

Both revealed tlw repressive systems 

under which then groxv were one 

and the same. 

A talented artist, Miss Makeba 

geared her songs which translate the 

agony of her people in South Africa 

now under sicgc. lw European gangsters 

. 

Barred by Collusion 

The songs of the talented African 

artist so enlighting, to her brothers 


a 

LAND GRANT TO AFRICAN-AMERICANS 

On their second trip to Africa in 

,search for settlement areas, Rev. 

1V inston G . Evans, Executive Director 

and Mr. Dewey Weaver, 

'treasurer respectively, of the Ethiopian 

World Federation, Inc . of 

Chicago, Illinois, announce that the 

result of their mission far exceeds 

their expectations. 

leaving Chicago by air in Decenther, 

1968, the couple visited Liberia, 

Senegal, Ghana and Ethiopia . In 

Accra, Ghana the Federation estab- 

Iished registration and requested land 

for mutual development, the leaders 

reported . 

The two representatives then departed 

for Ethiopia where the World 

Federation had received 10,000 acres 

granted by Ills \lajcsty, Emperor 

flaile Selassie while he was on a 

visit to the United States in 1967 . 

Rev . Evans and Mr . Weaver receivecl 

assistance from the Ethiopian 

Minister of Agriculture and the 

Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce in 

their travel activities along with an 

expert from the Agricultural Department 

who accompanied them to the 

.ites, thev stated . 

Appeal for Settlers 

h:vans and Weaver examined and 

slu ve)ed sites in "Bale Province" 

;irn(l in "Lobe." Supplies were fur- 

and sisters oil this side, of the Atlantic, 

that her album began to hit 

high in circulation until, it was revealed, 

she married Stokely Carntich, 

el . 

The Vampires, the Conspirators, 

with policy to keep Africans apart 

stepped in, clamped down and slow 

clown the allnun's sale. The action is 

viewed ns a display of displeasure 

over a domestic union and camouflag, 

i ug thi i r cha ;-rin by using the 

confrontation between Carmichael 

and the authorities as a cloak . 

Carmichael ran into conflict with 

the State Department when he ignored 

its directive and visited North 

Vietnam, China and Cuba. for which 

his passport was confiscated. 

nislaed by a "Dr . Fischer, head of 

the United States Agency for International 

Development to Ethiopia, 

the officials said . 

The land grant will be used for 

comnninity building, raising live 

stock, agriculture and other undertakings, 

by returnees in collaboration 

with the brothers there and with the 

help of both governments, the Ethiopian 

and the United States . 

"We have already a 500 acre grant 

at Shashamane and at Arussie . Administrator 

.James Piper and wife, 

have built it up in ten years with a 

growing number of homes, two 

sch(x)ls, a recreation center and the 

ten room Malakii E . Bayen Health 

clinic and staffs . Living on that land 

grant are families from the West 

Indies and the United States ." 

The Illinois branch of the Ethiopiaau 

World Federation, Inc,, with 

offices at 6341 So . Dorchester Avenue, 

Chicago, is "appealing for 

thousands from the United States 

and West Indies . Emphasis is placed 

on farmers, mechanics, technicians, 

business men and women along with 

professionals and those with the 

know-how to help in the rebuilding 

of Africa. All are needed - young, 

old, rich and poor ." There is room 

and opportunities for many more 

who are seeking a climate to live in 

security and freedom from fear . 

The Black Power advocate somewhat 

amusingly revealed further that 

he got back his passport but, for some 

mysterious reasons, he is barred from 

many states in the Caribbean and 

other places "not off limit" including 

Trinidad, where he was born and 

where his relatives reside . 

He went on further to compare 

the difficulties he is facing with those 

practiced on Marcus Garvey, who advocated 

"Africa for the Africans at 

home and abroad ." The presentation 

throws light on the problems that 

black people face, one after another. 

All said and done, the hand of 

fate has put together again, two 

African nationals and their respective 

kinsmen, after 300 years apart . 

9

Designed Tactics Hastening Racial Conflict 

Da-Uba, the world is troubled 

by a feeling of insecurity stemming 

from the planned use of atomic 

weapons, from provocation, persecution 

and ending up into frustration . 

Oil tracing the source generating the 

apprehension, we found a small 

group of whites located in Europe, 

America, Canada, South Africa, 

Rhodfsia, Australia and the "Middle 

East" with two naval fleets, far 

away from their home base and arguing 

with each other . What can be 

expected, Uba ? 

Uba-The "road that Angels fear 

to tred" ; the road that one of our 

sons, Jesus Christ, warned against : 

Those who resort to the sword will 

perish by it . It is claimed that "old 

dogs may not easily be taught new 

tricks" . 

However, the youths of the world 

are less gleeful over the shadow of 

nuclear weapons hanging over their 

heads and are stopping the entrenched 

few in their crazy tract . 

Students in the universities are telling 

the agents of the "power structure" 

that there is enough space on 

this good earth and enough food to 

satisfy the normal need of all who 

believe in "live and let live" . 

Da-TTba, there seems to be a related 

"tug of war" in the New York 

schools in particular over what are 

called "miss-education" and "inferior 

training" of children of depressed 

communities. However, as 

the war progressed, we notice the 

shots and shells are mainly directed 

at the African minority and not the 

Puerto Ricans which is thrown in 

as an extraneous blind fold . 

In response to the communities' 

legitimate and moral expectations, of 

seeing their youngsters coming out 

of school with ambition, pride and 

responsibility, they found them not 

only stripped of what they entered 

with, hope and inspiration, but bewildered 

and angry. In their endeavor 

to rectify- this unfortunate 

affair, by requesting the right to administer 

their school, the communities 

discovered their apprehension is 

being used to create a "white back- 

1 0 

By Da & Uba 

lash" by those with "Axe to grind 

and fish to fry" . 

What's back of all this turmoil, 

Uba ? Over a million children and 

their parents have become involved 

over two schools, one in the African 

communities in Brooklyn and the 

other in Harlem? 

Uba-The desire for greater profit, 

to have and to hold exclusively . However 

there comes a time when people 

begin to take stock of themselves, to 

compare how they were, how they 

are and how they tend to be from 

present trend. 

In the past we had our family, 

parental responsibility and bulldog 

tenacity to keep together while we 

work, watch and wait for the time 

when we can change our environment 

and thereby our status in line with 

our liking. Suddenly we discover a 

genocidal design that wrecked our 

family, took control of our children, 

re-educated them and now feeding 

them on dope and alcohol . They are 

seen littering the street like flies 

while paradoxically our professionals, 

unlike other national groups here 

.1re silent, akin to treachery. 

Uha-Independent leaders of our 

communities discovered a peculiar 

type of behavior among graduates, 

whether they got their training from 

the controlled and subjugated schools 

or any other . That training places 

895 Gates Avenue 

Corner Reid Avenue 

J. ANDERSON, B.Sc . 

Registered Pharmacist, Proprietor 

them in a "colonial status", in a 

category of messengers, of hero worshippers 

of their trainees, rather than 

independent leaders of their natural 

fellows . 

As a matter of fact, they are eonditioned 

to shun the mass of the very 

people from whence they sprung, to 

keep them in substandard status and 

to show signs of being honored too. 

With those unnatural and damaging 

evidcuce, independent leaders have 

fortunatelv arisen and are trying to 

reverse that mental "twist" . To do 

this they are instituting a natural 

and therefore healthy form of education 

for African children, especially 

of the primary age to reproduce 

young men and women as credit to 

society . 

Da-The African communities re- 

spite this, some mysteries developed . 

The school boards and administrators 

of these communities schools were 

jailed for their efforts to reverse a 

prevailing dangerous trend . Can you 

unravel this mystery, Uba? 

Uba---Da, we live in an age of 

secrecy . Those modern forces, often 

referred to as "Structures", have secret 

plans most of which are smelly 

and harmful to the rest of mankind . 

Biit the plans satisfy their depraved 

ycaruings . The strategists at times 

begin their action in remote places 

to avoid detection and mass opposition 

until they reached their planned 

position-a fait accompli . Trapped 

at that point, the mass have no other 

alternative but to unwillingly go 

along . 

The problems in tlx , two experimental 

schools - Oceanhill Brownsville 

in Brooklyn and Public School 

901 in Harlem- reflect a technique 

to force the African communities into 

righteous indignation over infraction 

of their inalienable rights. The 

debacle of "Haryou Act" immediately 

preceding was another upsetting 

tactic . 

Aware of our interest in the African 

homeland and our natural reaction 

to the attempt at re-occupation 

by neo-colonialists, the "Structure" 

creates conditions envisaged to keep 

our eyes on our centuries of domestic 

troubles with the deceiving hope of 

change for the better, while they digin 

and consolidate their position in 

Africa . 

Da-Yes, Via, it can be recalled 

that for years African Nationalists 

have been active in the communities 

keeping the people informed of the 

Homeland affairs . Anticipating a reaction 

(similar to that which turn 

the LT . N . into a Flanders' Field over 

the Murder of Patrice Lumumba) to 

the Europeans provocation in Rhodesia, 

"Har-you Act" and other setups 

were established. And all those 

leaders were employed in an attempt 

to silence them . The identical method 

was used when they deported 

Marcus Garvey from the U . S . A . 

Every leader of his divisions and 

energetic personnel were taken in 

public services. Clever moves, were 

they not, Uba ? 

Uba-Clever ? That's why we are 

(Continued, on page 13) 


AFRICA INVITED BLACK POWER CONFERENCE 

Photo : Shows the great road, a link in the Cape to Cairo, which winds its way up 

the Rift Escarpment at Chunya in the Southern Highlands Region . The region 

contains some of the finest mountains and woodlands in Tanzania, Tanganyika . 

The Black Power 11 ovetm nt, a 

kind of renaissance quickened by the 

wind of change, field its third annual 

Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

in September, 1!)t3S . At this 

conclave over 3,000 representatives 

cf African- Ainericans from all seetions 

of America, it was announced 

that the government of Tanzania 

(formerly Tanganyika) in East Africa 

invited the nest conference to 

that progressive African State . 

The leader of the movement is the 

controversial Mr. Ron Karengo, an 

African born in the United States 

of America, a Cum Laude graduate 

from Los Angeles, California University 

with masters degree in languages 

- Swahili, Zulu, Arabic, 

French, Spanish . 

Mr . Karengo - dressed in his African 

clothes, as were the majority 

of delegates, men and women in 

dashikis, turbans and garments seen 

in Guinea, Mali, Sudan, Kenya or 

Kongo --- is 27 years old with three 

children, all with African names, and 

who plans to cement a "National 

Black United Front ." 

Urban Army Proposed 

Al(acg with other leaders o£ substaiice 

were l)r. Nathan Wright, 

chairman ; 1}r . Nathan Hare, Soci- 

Olo-v Prrefessor at Harvard University, 

dismissed for advocating Africa, 

ccnsciousness last year, took active 

part in tile Confen, nee. 

Among resolutions unanimously 

passed was the establishment of an 

"urban arm of black men for defense 

and aggressive self-defense" to guarantec 

:kfrican-Americans' survival . 

The invitation to Tanzania might 

turn out to be a blessing in disguise . 

They might discover why that African 

state established a patrol of 500 

young men and women to resist what 

they considered to be decadent fort 

ign fashions, such as "miniskirts", 

"wigs," "skin bleaches" and other 

incongruous patterns . 

While there too, the leaders of 

Plaek Power might feel what freedom 

is like, the security of sons at 

home and compare it with the problems 

encountered by unwantedadcpted 

sons outside, a rewarding 

experience .

1 2 

AFRICA SUMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS 

The Assembly of the Organization 

of African Unity (OAU) convened 

its Fifth Ordinary Session in Algiers, 

capital of Algeria, September 

13th, 1968 and adopted two resolutions. 

The first reaffirming stand taken 

at the Fourth Session held in Kinshasa, 

Kongo in September, 1967 on 

the fractricidal war in Nigeria . 

That Session delegated five members-the 

majority of which believed 

to be satelites, not by choice but by 

necessity-to go to Nigeria and conduct 

fraternal palava, calm the tempers 

and bring the belligerents to 

their senses at the very moment when 

a foreign military alliance sealed its 

existence at Pretoria, South Africa, 

and begun military operation to take 

control of the heart of Africa . 

Strangely enough the "Consultative 

Committee" went to Nigeria and 

consulted with the Lagos Government 

and ignored the secessionists in Biafra. 

That strange action increased 

the tension and unfortunately created 

apprehension among some independent 

states that presumably caused 

them to give recognition to Biafrans, 

without malice towards the OAU. 

Wiggling in Face of Reality 

Nevertheless the Assembly, expresses 

concern over the resulting 

sufferings and appealed to the Biafrans 

to surrender and restore peace 

and unity to Nigeria. This having 

been accomplished, it recommended 

that the Federal State declare a general 

amnesty in co-operation with the 

(OAU) to ensure physical security 

of all until mutual confidence is restored 

. 

The OAU being young and believed 

burdened by indirect imperialists 

forces and not yet able to "federalize" 

or continentalize the waring 

forces in that state understandingly 

is painfully concerned. 

The second Resolution : after hearing 

the case of the "Middle East" ; 

re-affirmed its support for the United 

Arab Republic and called for the 

withdrawal of foreign troops from all 

Arab territories occupied since June 

5, 1967 . It backs the United Nation's 

Security Council Resolution 

of November 22nd, 1967 and calls 

on all African States to press for its 

implimentation . 

The Council of Ministers, of the 

Organization of African Unity, meeting 

in its eleventh Ordinary Session 

in Algiers, Algeria, from the 4th to 

12th of September, 1968, adopted the 

following resolutions : 

The Council is aware of the gravity 

and importance of the problem 

of refugees in Africa and desirous 

of achieving an African solution to 

this problem . It recognizes the essentially 

humanitarian nature of the 

problem and anxious to adopt measures 

to improve the living conditions 

of the refugees and to help them 

lead a normal life, with the assistance 

of others . And it expresses 

its gratitude to the specialized agencies 

and humanitarian organizations 

which are extending their generous 

aid to refugees in Africa . 

Resolution On Namibia 

(South West Africa) 

1) The Council of Ministers again 

strongly reaffirms the right of the 

people of Namibia to freedom and 

independence in conformity with the 

Charter of the Organization of African 

Unity and the U. N. Charter. 

2) It . pledges again its total and 

unconditional support to the people 

of Namibia in their legitimate 

struggle . 

3) It strongly condemns the South 

African regime for its persistent refusal 

to implement the U. N. resolution 

terminating its mandate over 

Namibia and for its continued defiance 

of world public opinion by 

forcing Apartheid on Namibia, under 

U. N. responsibility . 

5-6) It calls on the U. N. Security 

Council once again to see to it that 

the U. N. mandate is executed and 

further demanded Chapter VII of 

the Charter be applied . 

(Chapter VII calls for the use of 

force ultimately to bring the European 

gangsters to their senses .) 

7-8) The Ministers call upon all 

states dedicated to peace, freedom 

and the right to live without fear 

and molestation to co-operate with 

the OAU and the "U . N. Council for 

Namibia" and further call upon the 

international community to render 

all moral and material assistance directly 

through the OAU or to those 

who are struggling in Namibia . 

Territories Under Portuguese 

Domination 

The Ministers noting the reports 

of the Administrative Secretary- 

General of the Liberation Committee 

and of the "Committee of Five" on 

Angola and recalling the relevent 

resolution by the Assembly and the 

Ministers, welcomes the progress 

achieved by African Nationalists in 

their legitimate liberation struggle. 

It deplores the assistance of all 

kinds which Portuguese receives 

from its NATO (North Atlantic 

Treaty Organization) allies and from 

its economic and financial partners . 

Gravely concerned at the threats 

and acts of aggression constantly 

perpetrated by Portugal against the 

African States adjacent to the territories 

under its domination, Africans 

generally are now convinced 

that Portuguese crimes against Africans 

cannot be terminated by wishful 

thinking. 

The Ministers therefore reaffirm 

the Africans' rights of self-preservation 

to battle against Portugal's war 

of genocide being waged on African 

soil in violation of the U. N. Charter. 

Furthermore, resorting to the use of 

napalm bombs, poison gases and 

other United Nations' prohibited 

weapons Portugal's fanatical action 

constitutes a threat to international 

peace and security. 

Extending Provocation Seen 

The Council condemns Portugal's 

criminal acts of aggression and provocation 

against African States bordering 

foreign occupied territories, 

in violation of U. N. resolutions. 

And it further vigorously condemns 

NATO for its military assistance and 

request the NATO nations to stop 

backing Portugal's war of genocide 

in Africa . 

While condemning the unholy al 

liance between Portugal and the rac- 


AFRICAN OPINION

(Continued from page 11) 

having so much trouble in the world 

today . When people found that they 

have been deceived, and their existence 

stands in jeopardy, trapped 

with their backs to the wall, anything 

can be expected . 

Da-Can you clarify further the 

"miss-education" and the results - 

keeping Africans generally in a "colonial 

status" and cause our college 

trainees to become agents to preside 

over our liquidation 9 

Uba - During slavery days we 

were mentally free, despite the 

shackles on our feet . Alien environment 

and what it had to offer only 

added to our efforts to extricate ourselves 

and to return home . With that 

mental freedom, leaders like Harriet 

Tubman, Pastor Nat Turner, Richard 

Allen, Samuel Hopkins, Denmark 

Vesey, Paul Cuffe, Samuel J. 

Mills and others could then see the 

impossibility of any future within 

the "pale of the whites" and agitated 

for "separation and return to 

Africa." They were able to see at 

that early stage the coming of the 

battle for jobs and directed return 

to their land and avoid wrangle over 

bread and butter, a minor part of 

the present conflict . 

Da-TTba, John B . Russwurm, a 

college graduate and first editor in 

America and Lott Cary, a minister 

advocated repatriation too . All of 

those leaders, prior to Emancipation 

in 1863, rebelled against integration . 

How come our present leaders stand 

aloof in face of our present predicament 

and continue to allow themselves 

to execute the designs of those 

living in luxury at our expense? For 

example every European in Rhodesia 

has "an average of two cars" while 

the African only rags on his back? 

Uba-Imposition of citizenship in 

name only was a procedure enacted 

in 1865 that recaptured the liberated 

Africans, hampered their return to 

Africa and kept them as cheap labor 

coupled with the pin-down strategy. 

To ensure that purpose the science 

of brainwashing was applied during 

Reconstruction Days and continued 

to this day . To counteract the brainwashing, 

the liberated teachers and 

community school administrators 

found themselves ambushed, under 

fi re . 


Da-Do you think the brainwashing 

brought about the mental "twist" 

that caused our graduates and natural 

leaders to remain silent in our 

dilemma? Aren't they masters in 

history, psychology, mathematics, all 

pre-requisite for graduation, and 

place them in a position to see beyond 

the veil? Then something must 

he wrong when we find the majority 

of our professionals with alien wives, 

by-passing their tribal sisters . What's 

going on here, Uba ? 

Uba-Yanked away from their innate 

indigenous freedom, they fell 

prey to alien retaliation if and when 

they became concerned over our misery 

and even afraid to lend token 

encouragement to the braves who 

plunged out for liberation . The 

Rhody McCoys, the Reverend Olivers, 

the Spencers et all are trying to 

remedy the situation and to reproduce 

responsible leaders who like 

Congressman Adam C. Powell, can 

stand like Jews, Irish, Polish and 

others even in Congress and adequately 

represent the people who support 

them without fear or favor. 

Da-In meaningful parades like 

those of Marcus Garvey, not one of 

our prominent African - American 

leaders took part, no unit of African- 

American police, no African-American 

unit from the National Guard 

participated . But on "St . Patrick's 

Dav" we see Irish-Americans from 

all branches-army, navy and other 

Government services in line of march 

headed by a prominent Irish-American, 

a Postmaster General, etc . On 

"Columbus Day" the same pattern 

prevails with Italian-Americans 

headed by perhaps a political leader 

in front. On "Pulaski Day", Polish 

leaders and rank and file are prominently 

dressed in the garb of the 

mother country. With these pictures 

in evidence, does it not show that a 

conspiracy is existing against African-Americans, 

all things considered, 

Uba? 

Uba-There is no doubt about it . 

The blueprint is there for all to see. 

And while we waste time moving one 

block of alienation, we run into 

greater blocks, one after the other. 

These stumbling blocks are purposely 

erected to keep us barricaded in 

dream land to permit the Europeans 

in South Africa, South West Africa, 

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Angola, Mozambique sufficient time 

to digin, consolidate and annihilate 

our brothers there and strengthen the 

"Free world", you understand? 

The mineral wealth of the African 

continent, the tropical climate with 

its four crops per year are the coveted 

handsome profit discovered and that 

is behind all, our problems in the 

Americas. It is military strategy to 

divide an enemy- ; pin-down each part 

and reduce each simultaneouslv . 

Da-Uba, at this time we are hearing 

some strange names thrown at 

us here. They call us "negroes", not 

Africans ; blacks, not Africans ; the 

95% Africans on the continent, 

Western leaders and press are calling 

them "Black-Africans", "Black- 

Rhodesians", - leaving of course the 

inference that only the few whites 

in Africa are "The Africans" . Is 

this a threat, Uba ? 

Uba-This is not a threat ; it is 

war, a cold war . The dye is already 

cast . Remember the declaration that 

"Africa is a vacuum, an empty continent", 

"the greatest prize on 

Earth?" Do you know what those 

implied? Forget your fatherland and 

you seal your doom . 

Da-What do you think of a few 

of our brothers here in America asking 

for 5 states in the American 

Union for their own rule, calling 

them "black States", Uba ? 

Uba-That is only another diversion 

directed by the profiteers who 

are aware of the oil in the Sahara, 

iron ore in abundance, uranium, etc., 

a well watered continent that they 

called "the bread basket of the 

world." Remember : "What is good 

for the goose is good for the gander ." 

1 3

(Continued from page, 12) 

ist minority regimes in South Africa 

and Rhodesia, with designs to perpetually 

occupy the southern part of 

Africa, a step to further expansion, 

the Council of Ministers calls upon 

the Member States of the Organization 

of African Unity to grant additional 

material assistance to the 

Liberation Mov°ment to enable them 

to restore the economy and organize 

the lives of the population of the 

liberated areas . 

It also directs the African represcutatives 

at the U. N. to push for 

mandatory sanctions against those 

disturbing the peace and tranquility 

of Africa and appeal for moral and 

material assistance to those engaged 

in expelling gangsterism from African 

soil. And finally the Council 

congratulates the African Nationalists 

on their continued progress in 

the battle for the liberation of their 

occupied areas and calls on them to 

maintain good relations with all 

states of Organization of African 

Unity and not to fall victims to any 

gesture of the enemy nor his agents . 

(Continued in next issue) 

(Continued from page 2) 

colonialism imposed upon them by the oppressors in 

Pretoria . 

Council to Administer Without Teeth 

The argument is often ventilated that one of the 

essential requirements for political independence should 

be economic viability- . This argument . . . is not one 

that can be used against Namibia . Namibia is a large 

territory of 318,261 square miles with a . pleasant moderate 

climate . . . suitable for stock farming and its 

stock population for 1963 was estimated at 2.5 million 

for large stock and 5 million for small stock . 

When resolution of 27th October, 1966 was adopted 

revoking South Africa's mandate over the territory, 

South Africa's spokesman Muller, issued threats from 

this very rostrum against the United Nations if it 

attempted to take over Namibia . Because of the divisive 

tendencies and self-interest that are so rampant 

in the composition of the United Nations, our response 

to South Africa's defiance was far from being decisive 

let alone categorical. 

Unshaken by Pretoria's obstinacy, the fifth special 

session adopted resolution May 19th, 1967, which set 

up the eleven Member United Nations Council for 

Namibia with clear terms to administer the territory 

until independence . Once again the spokesman of the 

apartheid regime mounted this rostrum and defiantly 

stated in clear terms that his Government would use 

whatever -means were necessary to prevent the newly 

1 4 

THINGS WORTH NOTING 

ALGERIA AFFIRMS SUPORT 

In a nationwide address marking 

the 14th Anniversary of Algeria's 

uprising against French rule, Algerian 

President, Ilouari Boumedienne 

said that the only honorable 

way for Palestinians to recover their 

dignity is to go to the battlefield 

against Israel colonialism . 

The President also paid tribute to 

Algerian troops stationed along the 

Suez Canal in Egypt . 

Severeal foreign and Arab ministerial 

delegations arrived in Algiers 

for the three-day celebrations highlighted 

by a military parade. 

* :x 

ARAB STRUGGLE PRAISED 

Speaking at a military parade to 

mark the Fourth Anniversary of the 

overthrow of the Sudanese military 

regime, Sudanese Prime Minister 

i1Iohainmed Mahgoub declared that, 

"it is now clear there is no peaceful 

schiticrn fo- the iUliddle East crises ." 

I-le reiterated Sudan's support for 

Palestinian military action and added, 

"I greet all Palestinian Libera- 

tion Organizations and praise their 

armed struggle." 

Mahgoub blamed the United States 

for contributing to the crisis by 

opc ning negotiations on the supply 

of Phantom jets to Israel . 

Reviewing the situation in South 

Sudan, the Prime Minister announced 

that a ministerial committee 

has been formed to implement new 

social and economic projects in the 

south . (Arab News & Reviews) 

HEAR STRANGE ACCUSATION 

Black people, of all people, are being 

called anti-semites . Is this convenient 

strategy to arouse mob psychology? 

Or is it just a fabrication 

with malice afore thought or the 

technique of accusing and abusing a 

fricndly and co-operative people, always 

victimized as a whole for the 

sins of a single person here in 

America? 

Who are the Semites, in the first 

place? The Arabs claim that they 

are the Semites and the majority of 

Arabs are black people. To be Anti- 

Semitic therefore is to be anti-black, 

or anticolored, a strange accusation 

indeed . 

formed Council from taking over Namibia . Similarly, 

South Africa's note of 27th September, 1967, addressed 

to the S- cretary-General reaffirmed South Africa's disregard 

for the decisions of the United Nations and for 

world public opinion . 

"Tongue in Cheek" U. N. Demand Withdrawal 

Untbwarted by South Africa's threats and determined 

to explore peaceful solutions, the Council for 

Namibia decided on 30th March, 1968, to proceed to 

the territory in fulfillment of its mandate of last year. 

Once again South Africa's defiant voice was heard. 

Denial of landing clearance to any plane chartered by 

the Council and threats of possible aggressive action 

against the Council, if it entered Namibia emanated 

from Pretoria. Thus South Africa repudiated with impunity 

General Assembly resolution of 16th December, 

1967, in which the Assembly called upon the Pretoria 

authorities "to withdraw from the, territory of Namibia 

unconditionally and without delay all its military and 

police forces and its administration . . . . ." 

The resolution further declared that : - ". . . . the 

continued presence of South African authorities in 

Namibia is a flagrant violation of its territorial integrity 

and international status as determined by 

General Assembly resolution . This big question must 

be asked : 

Why does South Africa flout the decisions 

of this organizaion with impunity? 

NATO Supports South Africa 

My delegation strongly believes that without the 

AFRICAN OPINION

massive support - moral, political, financial and 

military - which Pretoria receives from its allies of 

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, South Africa, 

already an international outcast, would not defy the 

ever growing African resistance, world opinion and 

decisions of this organization . South Africa's military 

expenditure increased from $62 million in 1960 to $409 

million in 1968 . 

I must stress, however, that these figures derived 

from official South African sources do not include 

spending on the police . These are the startling figures 

spent, by the Pretoria regime with the blessings of their 

NATO allies to commit indescribable acts of genocide 

against the people of Namibia . The Western Powers 

must be singled out for censure and condemnation for 

aiding and abetting South African racists . 

The famous terrorism trial evoked world attention 

and condemnation from the United Nations, churches, 

emminent jurists, and editorial columus all over the 

world . This was because it was the first mass indictment 

of 31 Namibian nationals following the termination 

of South Africa's mandate by the United Nations, 

and the United Nations assumption of responsibility 

for Namibia . 

Jungle Law Is Pretoria's 

It was condemned also because the Terrorism Act 

was ex post facto legislation especially enacted by the 

South African Parliament to apply to Namibia. It is 

probable that only the pressure of world opinion saved 

some of the defendants from the death chambers, and 

yet the sentences were severe. An unknown number 

of Namibians have been 

_ 

detained under the Terrorism 

Act . 

The legal question is phrased as to whether or not 

the Supreme Court in Pretoria has "jurisdiction to 

inquire into or pronounce upon the validity of Terrorism 

Act in so far as they purport to apply to the 

mandated territory of Namibia" . 

As is well known, the Security Council condemned 

the Terrorism Trial on 14th March, 1968 in the following 

terms :- 

" . . . . the continued detention and trial and 

subsequent sentencing of the Namibians constitutes 

an illegal act and flagrant violation 

of Human Rights, and the international 

status of the territory now under direct 

United Nations control ." 

As yet the Security Council has not dealt responsibly 

with the whole question of application of the General 

Assembly resolution of 1966 which established the 

United Nations as the administering Power in 

Namibia. In the absence of such effective action South 

Africa continues to deepen her control over the 

territory. 

While Africa Protests, Gangsters Act 

The "Development of Self-Government for Native 

Nations in South West Africa Bill" was enacted by 

the Parliament of South Africa on 6th June, 1968 . 

The so-called "Native Nations" are bantustans, fragmenting 

the country. The first of these, Ovamboland 

in the North has already been established, and its 


so-called Parliament met on 17th October, 1968 . 

The latest measure in the extension of apartheid in 

Namibia zvas to force 8,000 inhabitants of the old 

location in Windhoek, Capital of the territory to move 

from their homes to a new township of Katutura . 

After a nine year resistance, nearly all these defenceless 

people were forced out last September, although 

it was acknowledged that Katutura did not have adequate 

housing for them . 

Many of these people had to seek refuge in impoverished 

rural reserves. Each continuing step toward 

destruction of Namibia and its incorporation into 

South Africa--trials, appeals, dispossession, fragmentation 

into "Native Nations" must surely arouse the 

attention of the great Powers who have to date refused 

even to serve on, the Council for Namibia. 

The Triple Alliance Consolidated 

Apartheid has found its allies in the colonial policies 

of Portugal and Britain . The Lisbon-Pretoria-Salisbury 

axis has been consolidated to give new props to the 

South African Government and to strengthen the basis 

of the minority regimes in Rhodesia, Angola, and' 

Mozambique . 

With this strength, massive campaigns of psychological 

warfare have been mounted with full forceparticularly 

in Western Capitals, not only to defend 

apartheid, but to undermine the efforts of all men ofgood-will 

the world over who are trying to bring about 

a just and lasting solution for all human beings in 

that area . 

The spectre of a racial conflict on a global scale and 

the consequences for the world cannot but be frightening 

to all peace loving nations. Apartheid as applied 

in Namibia and South Africa is thus a dangerousrationalisation 

of an instrument protectionist in purpose, 

but defeatist in fact and destructive in the final 

result. 

We Await Security Council's Answer 

Lastly, I appeal to all the major trading partners 

of South Africa, to discontinue their present policies 

and to assume a more humane posture towards the 

people of Namibia. Zambia is irrevocably committed 

to the total and unconditional liberation of Namibia: 

IVe shall continue to sustain the struggle of the people 

of Namibia until final victory is achieved. No amount 

of file power will stop the determined people of- 

Namibia from attaining their independence. 

We call upon the Security Council to take firm and 

unrelenting measures to ensure South Africa's expulsion 

from Namibia . A player's .refusal to abide by therules 

of the game cannot be condoned. The sooner such 

measures are adopted the better for humanity as a 

whole . Further delays and procrastination can and will 

only add fuel to the already explosive situation. 

This organization cannot and should not allow innocent 

citizens of Namibia to suffer at the hands of a 

few Power hungry racists . My country has played 

and will actively continue to play its role, both within 

the framework of the Organization of African Unity 

and that of the United Nations until Namibia is free 

and independent . 

157

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African 

pinion 

X341 S . ~CJRc;HE~~~F . . 

c~~c~s~, ~~un~~s ~~~~ 

49350 

May-June, 1989 What does gun on campus reveal? 

BACK TO AFRICA 

QUEST BEFORE 

CON6RESS 

SOUTN WEST 

AFRICANS FACE 

EXTINCTION 

By PETER KATJAYIVI 

By DA & UBA

BACK TO AFRICA QUEST IN CONGRESS 

At the request of "African-American 

Repatriation Association'', a 

Philadelphia b a s e d Organization, 

Representative Robert N. C. Nix, 

an African-1~merican submitted "Bill 

H R 896" in Congress. The Bill requests 

the enactment of legislation 

that will provide assistance to those 

citizens of African descent who desire 

to move to Africa to live. 

Other representations to Congress 

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~R~ ~o~n~o~o~o~~o~a~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~ii~o~o~o~o~o~y 

2 

PAN AFRICAN STUDENTS 

ORGANIZATION IN THE AMERICAS, 

SUMMER CHARTER to EAST and WEST AFRICA - Round Trip 

Leaves New York August 4th returns September 2nd, 1969 

CHARTER SPONSORED BY THE NIGERIAN STUDENTS UNION IN THE 

AMERICAS, 

$430 Round Trip . 

342 MADISON AVENUE 

VISIT NIGERIA, WHERE OLD AND NEW MIX 

INC. Leaves August 6th - Returns September 6, 1969. 

AFRICA 

-J ourist ~ -Jrave C/~t~ertet~ 

Room 338 

Phone: 867-6755 

from farces in Chicago, California 

and i~Tew Fork for the same purpose 

are all reported to have united behind 

the one bill introduced by 1\Ir . 

Nix . 

The request for Government assistance 

is but a token compensation, 

better known Reparation for aver 

300 years of slave labor and damages 

done, to the African nationals in the 

United States. It is a fraction in 

- $430 

NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017 

HANDLE ALSO YOUR TRAVEL PLANS ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD ; 

INCLUDING THE U . S . A. 

comparison to reparation paid to the 

Philippines far minor damages during 

World War II. 

Unfinished Business of 

Long Standing 

The present move is the extension 

of a chain of efforts on the part of 

these people to return to the land of 

their origin . It began a wav back 

in 1619 when the. "Good Ship ~Jesns" 

dropped them off at Jamestawn, ~'irginia. 

And the wisdom of returning 

them was before the American peo-~ 

ple since Thomas Jefferson to the 

present . 

Under President James 1flonroe 

however an opening was made that 

culminated in the establishment of 

Liberia but was pramptly terminated 

far motives revealed to have been 

ulterior in nature. As a result of 

the stoppage, frustration and dissatisfaction 

developed and continued, and 

have been plaglzing America since 

then. 

To pacify and to contain the Africans' 

demands many strange and 

awkward suggestions were made . 

Same would have sent the Africans 

to Haiti, to Central America, to 

Alaska, the Indies and every other 

place under the. sun except to Africa, 

the land from which they were taken 

and the land to which they have been 

battling to return, a strange paradox 

and provocative at that . 

Bills Submitted and Shelved 

Two Bills identical in nature an


Journal of 


Vul . 9 MAY-JUNE, 1969 Nos . I & 2 

Jas . L . Brown .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Editor and Manager 

Victor G. Cohen .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . Associate Editor 

H. Cumberbatch . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. ... . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. . Associate Editor 

Gladys P . Graham (Famata) . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . Woman's Editor 

Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 

Mboya Shown "Like It Is" 

Py James T.eopald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 




Jas. L. Brown, President and Secretary . 




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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE May 25th of Each Year 

Portrait On Caver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =4 THE UNIVERSAL AFRICAN 

Pack To Africa Quest In Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 NATIONAL DAY 

We, the Signers, appeal to all Organizations of 

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etc ., for Mutual 'Observance of : 

' Day 

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What Does Gun On Campus Reveal ? 

P,y 1)a ~ Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 May 25th - All African 

South West Arfieans Faco Extinction 

Let's Ring the Bell - Ring it Loudl 

Py Peter Katjavivi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

U N I A & African Communities Leagwe 

Africa Summit Conference Reports . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Ethiopian World Federation, Inc 

Society of African Descendants, Inc . 

For The Sake Of Thase That Come . . . . . . . . . 14 Our Families Protection Association, 

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 

Inc . 

Items of General Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 African-American Teachers Association 

Harlem Labor Union 


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LETTERS 

Dear Sir : 

I have read only one copy of the 

African Opinion and was deeply impressed 

. 

If possible, I would like very much 

to become a regular subscriber . 

J. Brown 

Chicago, Ill . 

Dear Mr. Editor : 

Please send me a year subscription 

to the African Opinion. Yott have 

a very good magazine ; it is the anl~~ 

bridge between Africans and Afi~i.can-Americans 

on the level of communication 

. 

Sincerely yours, 

M. Jones 

Chicago, Ill. 

Dear Sir 

Please find enclosed my gayment 

for African Opinion, annual subscription 

($1.50) . I always enjoyed 

your magazine very much. I hope 

you always remain cooperative. 

Sincerely, 

A. Amyach 

Georgia, U. S .A . 

Best Wishes 

ALL-AFRICAN CULTURAL 

FESTIVAL 

Schedule for Jnly, 196J 

The "Organization of African 

Unity First All-African Cultural 

Festival" is scheduled to begin nn 

July 21, to August 1, 196Q at Algiers, 

Algeria. 

The festival will concern itself 

with African Drama, traditional anal 

modern, African music, dance, tr~th-tional 

performances, slang with eYhibitians 

of works of art and sctalptnres, 

written works, pc ;et readings, 

etc ., and performances by invited 

artists . 

Only African works will be elib 

ible far entry in each of the cultural 

sections . 

Booklets for details an the Festival 

may be secured from the "Organization 

of African Unity", 211 East 

43rd Street, New Yark City. 

Since the Festival is an All-African 

project it goes without saying 

it will be opened to all Africans regardless 

of place of birth, and enrich 

the event with their numerous talents . 

The Entire Membership and Officers 

the 

JAMAICAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION 


of 

INC. 

NEW YORK, N . Y. 10026 

- On Liberation Day, May 25th - 

Wish Our Bro+hers and Sisters in Africa the very Bes+ of Co-opera+ion 

and Par+ioipa+ion in Their Progress throughout the Coming Years . 

A . SAMUEL RASHFORD, Presiden+ 

MRS . MINNETTE STEWART, Vice-Presiden+ 

MISS LETTIE BONITTO, Secretary 

d 

THE COVER PORTRAIT 

Picture above, a scene in Jerusalem, the 

Holy Land, ~at which Mrs. Samad "discovered 

the real and not the Europeonized 

Madonna and the Child as she had 

been accustomed seeing all her life ." 

Shows Mrs . Marianne Samad, a 

school teacher and also the directress 

of the "Sankore Nubian Cultural 

Work Shop, Inc." at 2140 Madison 

Avenue, New York City. 

Mrs. Samad has just returned 

from a tour, stopping at such places 

as Senegal, Ghana, Liberia, in Africa, 

Jerusalem (The Holy Land), 

Greece, Rome, Paris and back to the 

United States. 

VO~hile in Liberia, her father flew 

from Sierra Leone to meet his daughter 

whom he had not seen for over 

32 years . It was a pleasant reunion 

of father and daughter . In Jerusalem, 

she is seen pointing to the 

"Original Madonna and Child" . 

She reported that Africa is a 

beautiful place, the place that her 

renowned, patriotic and devoted 

mother, Mrs . Alice Allman, labored 

tirelessly to liberate while Secretary 

of the "Universal African Nationalist 

Movement." 

Mrs . Samad, like her mother has 

vowed to enlighten the rest of her 

kinsmen and the world as to the contribution 

Africans made to the rest 

of mankind. 

AFRICAN OPINION

Tom Mboya, a minister in the 

Kenya Government was presumably 

dragged into the African Community 

of Harlem, New Yark City, to announce 

the scheme that his abductors 

were unable to put aver themselves . 

Appearing recently at the Shamburg 

Collection of the Public Library, 

the only institution in Harlem 

of genuine substance, housing material 

reflecting the works of Africans 

the world over, Mr. 1~Iboya was rudely 

but fortunately brought to his 

senses when he told a packed audience 

of brothers and sisters a kind 

of fiction that only a pharoah may" 

be able to interpret. 

The disappointed and infuriated 

brothers here who were not already" 

killed or jailed for promoting African 

Liberation taught the farmer 

promising brother a lesson, it is 

hoped, he might never forget. 

It all started when the African 

brother startled his joyful sisters and 

brothers by repeating the familiar 

stereotypes of the neo-calanists that 

"they must not run away to Africa ; 

they should stay and fight for their 

rights." 

Pandemonium Broke Loose 

As if by magic or mystery the 

pleasant mood was suddenly and beligerently 

reversed. It was like flashing 

a red flag before the eyes of a 

bull. Pandemonium broke loose and 

Mboya was rescued only by a regiment 

of policemen quickly rushed to 

the scene. 

The African World looked with 

great hope when Mr . Mboya, then 

aged 26, came into prominence as 

chairman of "The All-African Peoples 

Conference" called in Accra, 

Ghana by the outstanding statesman, 

President Kwame Nkrumah in 1958 . 

While visiting the United States 

in 1959 Mr. Mboya among other 

things made the following important 

statement 

"Another point I ynust stress," he 

said, "Black-Americans have beentold 

they are not wanted in Africa . 

This is deliberate erroneous propsganda. 

You may came home whenever 

you like ; Africa is yo~cr heritage 

. You are wanted and needed," 

he added. 


Mbora Shown "Like 

By James Leopold 

Tom Mboya of Kenya 

Since then it now comes to light 

a colony of whites exists in genya, 

along with those in Rhodesia, South 

Africa, South West Africa, Angola, 

i~Tazambique and Asmara in Ethiopia, 

back door returning entrances . 

Africanization Opposed 

Recently a statesman member of 

the Kenya Parliament introduced a 

measure to legally grant African 

Citizenship to Africans abroad, those 

residing in the United States and the 

Caribbean . That step ran into opposition, 

although a healthy step for 

an under-developed continent. 

Nat long after a parallel paradox 

occurred . The Government of Guyana 

called on all Guyanese who are 

American citizens and residing in the 

United States of America, to vote in 

her last Guyana national election, 

and it is reported many did . 

At the height of Marcus Garvey's 

African Redemption Movement, and 

the establishment of the "Black Star 

Line Shipping Company", a part of 

the industrial set-up, a "Princess 

Koffi" was similarly brought in from 

West Africa to oppose the shipping 

venture. 

Exposure Brings Enlightenment 

The "Princess" gained entrance to 

a church in a Southern State and 

while castigating the black man's ef- 

It "s" 

farts to help himself, she was dunned 

down in the pulpit by person unknown. 

These incidents of course are regrettable 

on the grounds that since 

Tahn Gunther described Africa as 

the "Greatest Prize on Earth." It is 

consequently surrounded and kept in 

darkness to permit imperialists entrenchment 

. The trigger man undoubtedly 

was not in a frame of 

mind ar unable to rationalize the situation, 

with the eloquence of the imperialist 

agent and therefore acted. 

Indications have shown that Africans 

abroad, with their backs to the 

wall, nevertheless possess a genuine 

feeling of brotherhood for these 

similarly situated at home. And they 

became irritated aver those who they 

thought should know better complying 

with the common enemy by making 

statements detrimental to both. 

When the messengers of others or 

prisoners of war come and tell the 

well prepared brothers not to come 

and help them battle for their life, 

something is definitely wrong, and efforts 

for mutual preservation should 

be vigorously increased and pursued . 

FALASHA 

AFRIKAN 

HUT 

Selling 

DRUMS 

BAGS 

CARVINGS 

JEWELRY 

AFRIKAN ATTIRE and CLOTHES 

BOOKS 

Everything from Africa 

1156 FULTON STREET 

BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

(Near Franklyn Ave.) 

Phone : 783-8771 

5

(G'ontinzced from page 2) 

known as the "Greater Liberia Bill" . 

Like the "Bilboe Bill", the "Longer 

Bill" too went the way of the flesh 

to the disappointment and irritations 

of millions who sought the inalienable 

right of self-determination !-o 

peacefully return to the land from 

which they were removed in chains . 

Now Comes the Nix Bill 

And now, "again and again and 

again", comes the "Vix Bill-H TL 

8965" embodying in essence the same 

purpose as the previous two . It 

tames at a time when a chronic j ok~less 

population existed, created by au 

efficient automation . It comes at a 

time of burdensome taxation and an 

increasing population of pour and 

hunger. 

And not only that, but it comes 

during the shrewd building up of a 

"white backlash", not without calculatcd 

intention . The aftermath therefore, 

in those troublesome times, 

should compel the Congress to view 

the logic of this new Bill . 

America with two outstanding and 

unfortunate records-the exterminss- 

Photo : Mr. Mustafa Hashim, President 

of the "African-American Repatriation 

Association ." 

tion of the Indians, the atomic bombing 

of J apan along with the reported 

killings in Vietnam, to insure selfdeterminatian 

of South Vietnam, 

ought not to close her eyes and ears 

to the centuries of appeals to assist 

those who seek self-determination in 

other parts of the world . 

Accustomed Opposition Appearing 

Already, before the bill comes np 

far consideration, a part of the Press 

begins to question the wisdom of the 

lslack man's moves . The decision here 

is an indigenous matter and as sncis 

is not open to question, since the 

"white man's burden" is said to be 

dead and buried. 

As the proceedissg developed, it is 

expected that those picl:ed leaders 

with no indigenous mass following, 

will as usual be instructed to oppose 

the move . 

The promoters of the steps to 

change their present domicile i n 

search of a way of life better suited 

to their own likings, request every 

one to support the Bill H R 896~i 

by writing to their respective Congressmen 

and Senators, requesting 

them to support the Bill, not for 

themselves but for you . 

The African-American Repatriation 

Assn . at : 5119 Chestnut Street, 

Philadelphia, Pa . 19139 . Telephone 

GR 4-5200, request concerned persons 

to keep in touch . 

1+~v~w~w~wiEV~w~~ - . . - . . . - . . ~ ~ . . ~w~w~w~w~w~w!Ev.~ 

Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) has embarked on a massive Educational 

Development Program. 

Shortage in trained manpower is due 

former colonial administration . 

to restricted educational policies of the 

The Ministry of Education now invites concerned Teachers from outside, of all 

levels and in all fields from primary to teacher training, technical training, 

etc . 

Larger in area than France, Czechoslovakia and Denmark combined with four 

million people, Zambia pays the highest salaries in Africa . 

Tropical, Pleasant Climate . Zambia opens the door for Concerned men and women, 

even with limited qualifications, to a happy valley among anxious youths . 

For booklet on : Teaching and Living in Zambia 

Apply to : Educational Attache 

Zambian Embassy 

1875 Connecticut Avenue, N. W. 

Washington, D. C. 

(This spare supplied by African Picture Fs Information Service) 

C 

C 

AFRICAN OPINION

Da-Uba, a lot of strange and unbelievable 

things are seen and heard 

today, things that do not look nor 

sound real but tern out to be true. 

It is revealed that college stndents 

unite themselves into "Students For 

a Democratic Society" and into other 

groupings and are disrupting the 

standards of long standing . 

~~'hat da vau make ant of all the 

confusion ort~ the university campuses 

throughout the land ? 

Uba- Da, before a student admitted 

to the school of higher learning, 

he or she must have a ground 

knowledge of the arts and sciences 

from the elementary, immediate, and 

higlx schools . The university thc-u 

breaks apart, go into details of all 

the formulas and other symbols and 

show their relations to other things 

and help the stndents to go .from 

there. 

In other words, as the upcoming 

leaders of Soeietv, the college arms 

them with what ~is known and free 

thorn to co~ntintte things as they are 

or change them to insure another way 

of life that tends to insure security 

and happiness of mankind. 

Da-T3ut Uba, the "Students far 

a Democratic Society" (SDS) is in 

rebellion. What da they mean by 

calling themselves a "Democratic Society" 

when they live in a Democracy 

in existence for centuries ? 

Uba-Well, the possibility is, they 

might have discovered that preaching 

FREE ! 

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Prepare for a Postal Career (Clerk-Carrier) 

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Maximum Age 70 

Wages approx. $2 .80 per Hour 

Sponsored by 

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THE AFRICAN AMERICAN TEACHERS ASSN . 

To Register Call 212 789-3700 

Victor Price 


What Does Gun On Campus Reveal 

CLASSES 


FIGHTERS 



democracy and practicing democracy 

do rat add up and they move to do 

something abort it, to serve a better 

life . The. fact that many members 

of the faculty, are giving aid and 

comfort to the students, indicates 

something is wrong and those students 

na doubt have discovered it . 

Da-It is said that in Czarist Russia 

every college graduate was assigned 

two policemen to guard him . 

Naw, in these days with adding, calculating 

and other technical machines 

operating, do yon think it 

makes good sense to produce a lot 

of college graduates with heads fall 

of knowledge, Uba ? 

Uba-At a time like this when are 

man can turn a switch, or push a 

button and set the world on fire, I 

"wonder as a I wands" . 

Du-We notice African Students, 

citizens of the United States, are rebelling 

too. They are demanding 

African Culture, African studies, 

with African instructors and African 

language be offered in the schools, 

since the power structure instigated 

a program of integration . 

FREE! 

GREETINGS 

By DA & UBA 

~IIIIIli111[~I~IIIIII~iI1lI» 

ON AFRICAN LIBERATION 

111111fIIIIIIIIIIICIIIIIIl11~fI111 

MAY 25th 

from 

Futtam 

Religious Store 


NEW YORK CITY 

The general dissatisfaction on the 

part. of African students might stem 

from the belief that they have been 

the most Law abiding in the Unitevl 

States . And since the law prohibits 

"Separate but equal" training institutions, 

they corxclude "integration'' 

is a method to maintain the states 

qua. That is, to only learn of thr 

"Free World" beginning with Greece . 

In this way the African's roots will 

be left hanging in the heavens, perhaps, 

you see ? 

Uba-In the past we had "separate" 

schools but they were subsidized 

and only preferred courses were allowed. 

But the wind of change as 

calculated would prevent withholding 

appropriation to "Separate" schools 

(Contnued on page 12) 

COMPLIMENTS 

of 

THE UPTOWN 

UNITED PRINTING CO . 


NEW YORK CITY 

Allan Gould, Prop . 

7

SOYTH WEST AFRICAS Fate Extinction 

Note : The following article is reproduced 

from the "Colonial Freedom 

News"-London, England. 

The "Self-government for Native 

Nations in South West Africa Act" 

was enacted at the end of the last 

session in the South African Parliament 

. According to this act, Namibia 

(South West Africa) is going to 

be divided up into six so-called "Na- 

By PETER KATJAVIVI 

bans," each "Nation" as an autonomous 

unit. 

On October 17, 1968, the first of 

these "Native Nations" will came into 

being. The Legislative Council for 

Ovamboland Bantu area will be 

opened in Oshakati by Mr. M. C. 

Botha, Minister of "Bantu Adminis- 

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIII 

COURTESY IS OUR POLICY 

Club Le Douze Inc . 

Announces Its ,Schedule of Tours and Entertainment 

Our Annual Fathers' Day Excursion - Sunday, June 15, 1969 - to 

Bear Mountain on the beautiful S. S. Bay Belle . Music by Tom Shade and 

his Cosmopolitan Orchestra, featuring Ellie Mannette Steel Band, Latin and 

Calypso music and the Frank Blaize Versatiles Band . Round trip $5.00. 

Children under 12, $2.50 . Boat leaves Battery Park 8:45 a.m. 

* * =x 

Bus Excursion to Peg Leg Bates Country Club, Sunday, July bth, 1969 . 

Buses leave I Ith St. & 7th Ave., N. Y. 8 a.m . Transportation incl . tax $7.50. 

Children under 12, $4 .00 . 

:x 

Labor Day Excursion and Pilgrimage 

TO MONTREAL AND OTTAWA, CANADA 

Buses leave Illth Street at 7th Ave., New York City, Friday Night, 

August 29th, 1969 at 10 p.m . You and your friends are invited to enjoy 

the holiday weekend with us . Buses return from Canada Monday night, 

September 1st, 1969 ap roximately II p.m . Transportation incl. tax and 

Hotel Accommodations, 62 .50 . Children under 12 years, $49.95 . Indentification 

papers for return to U.S . are required . Further information contact 

Mr. Rupert Smith, phone MO 3-8177 . 

Bus Excursion to Danbury Fair, Conn . Sunday, October 12th, 1969 . Buses 

leave I I Ith Street at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8:30 a.m . Transportation incl. tax 

$7.50. Children under 12, $4.50 . 

:x 

Pilgrimage to Graymoor Garrison, N. Y., Sunday, October 26th, 1969 . 

Buses leave I I Ith St. at 7th Ave., N. Y. C. 8 :30 a .m . and leave Graymoor 

at 4:30 p.m . Fare $4.00. 

Club Le Douze Inc. invites you to join its extraordinary 17-day 

Carnival Calypso Excursion 

to Trinidad and Tobago, W. I . including the 2-day Carnival, February 8th & 

9th, 1970 in the sunny capital, Port of Spain . Under the personal guidance 

of Mr. Rupert Smith, Tour Director . Have Breakfast in New York and lunch 

in Port of Spain. BWIA Sun Jet to and from Trinidad - $209 .00. 

If any other information wanted, please Phone MO 3-8177 

tration and Development and Bantu 

li;ducation." 

According to the Windhoek Advertiser 

of October 3, `The Legislative 

Council will be representative of 

all the seven regions of Ovamboland. 

Each of the seven regional Tribal 

Authorities is entitled to designate 

not more than six members, as was 

the case when the Transkei was 

granted self-government . 

'fhe Government of the Republic 

will second a number of civil servants 

to assist in the administration of the 

various departments of Ovamboland 

under self-government . These officials 

will be designated Directors . 

One of the Directors, Mr . F. A. .1 . 

De Preez of the Department of 

Bantu Administration and Development, 

will act as co-ordinating officer 

far the Departments of Finance, 

Economic Affairs, Justice, Community 

Affairs, Agriculture and 'forks 

and Education .' 

Tn other wards, the same personnel, 

representatives of the Santh African 

regime, will continue to rule 

-only their positions have changed 

names . 

The South African Bantustan policy-of 

which this is an example-is 

based on the fallacy that cultur.el 

and linguistic differences between 

population groups prevent co-operation 

and ccmmunal feelings . On the 

basis of this idea, South Africa regards 

herself justified in dividing up 

the areas where the indigenous pol ,ulation 

live, into small autonomous 

`Bantustans' which have minimal 

contact with each other. 

SWAPO (South West Africa Peoples 

Organization) has all along 

strongly opposed the South African 

Bantustan policy. We argue that in 

Namibia, where the various populati~n 

groups live scattered, this policy 

is undoubtedly a deliberate move to 

destroy the unity of our people. We 

also regard it as an exercise in eyewash 

and blatant hypocrisy, intended 

to foal the outside world . 

The implementation of the Self- 

Government for "Native Nations in 

South West Africa Act" has many 

implications . One can see that the 

exercise is bound to lead to great 

AFRICAN OPINION

On AFRICA DAY, MAY 25th 

We Repeat 

Africa For The Africans, 

Those at Home and Those Abroad 

Let our "Natural, Spiritual and Political Limit be God 

and Africa at Home and Abroad" - Garvey 

One God, One Aim, One Destiny 

Parent Body 

UNIA & African Communities 

League 

1609 Columbus Ave. 

fl~fl~fl~ll~fl~ll~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl~fl IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 

sufering on the part of the people 

of Namibia . All the Bantustans will 

be situated in poor areas without any 

natural resources worth developing . 

This in turn means that they will 

continue to be utterly dependent upon 

South Africa for economic assistance. 

Furthermore, the areas which 

are left to the white minority are rich 

in natural resources ; consequently, 

the exploitation of these areas will 

directly benefit the white population, 

and only go to the inhabitants of the 

Bantustans as `economic assistance' 

which, one can envisage, will be 

given with a patronizing hand by 

the South African regime. 

As each bantustan is going to contain 

people belonging to one population 

group only, one can foresee extensive 

forced moves of people from 

one area to the next . Many families 

will have to pull up their roots from 

the place where they may have lived 

for generations, and go to an area 

to which they have no ties whatsoever. 

Many families may also face financial 

difficulties, difficulties in adjusting 

to the new situation in which 

they find themselves ; in short, they 

face stresses and strains which may 

easily lead to a breakup of the family 

unit. 

Another facet to the South African 

bantustan policy is that it keeps people 

without contact with the outside 

world. Their educational system purports 

this isolation, as it emphasises 

the uniqueness of customs and traditions 

of particular population groups, 


Philadelphia, Pa . 

and ignores the general development 

of modern society . 

Thus, people in a `Native Nation' 

will end up as backward, ignorant 

and unable to tackle the problems of 

modern society-exactly what is intended 

by the South African regime. 

The regime thus gets its justification 

for continued averlordship - 

`these people are not yet ready for 

independence' - a phrase too often 

heard from representatives of the 

white supremacists in Southern Africa 

. 

The bantustan policy is a violation 

of human rights, of international 

SEE AFRICA THIS SUMMER 

NIGERIA AIRWAYS 

Will take you to Dakar, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria 

and East Africa 

-Call- 

Nigeria Airways 

565 FIFTH AVENUE 

NEW YORK CITY 

Telephone 212 OX 7-3875 

law, of ay ultra-national charters 

functioning today . We want to draw 

attention to this and ask you to do 

,your utmost to counteract and condemn 

this pernicious policy practiced 

in our country. 

We also ask you to urge your 

government to support an urgent debate 

in the United Nations General 

Assembly, and to back any resolution 

leading to practical action . 

South Africa must be forced to 

give up her illegal administration of 

Namibia by all means at the disposal 

of the United Nations, including the 

use of force. 

MR. AND MRS . ABDUL & MARIANNE SAMAD 

and the 

WONDERFUL YOUNG PEOPLE 

of the 

Sarkore-Nubian Cultural Workshop, Inc . 

2140 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 10037 

Wish to Extend 

Our Sincere Greetings to Our Motherland 

AFRICA 

And to let Her Know we have never lost Faith . 

9

NOTE 

Tlee Assembly of the ORG}ANrZATION OF AFRCCAN 

LTvr"rY composed th,e presidents of Africa's states, 41 

to date . 

floe COC?NCIT . Or llr~rsTErzs of flee states . The 

Council sets flee blue print ofactions to be taken. 

Z'lee f ollaze~i.ng are items concluded in the Fifth Session 

in Algiers, Capital of Algeria, North Africa, September 

19G8 . 

The Council of Ministers of the OILGANrZATIO~T or 

ArttrcnN UNITY, meeting in its 11th Ordinary Session 

in Algeria, 1JB8, reaffirmed the inalienable rights of 

all people and territories of Africa to freedom and 

independence. Thev notice strangely however that the 

"Comoro Islands" ~ (in S. E. Africa, in Mozambique 

channel N. E. of 1\Iadagaska) are not on the list of 

colonial territories under the terms of the LT.N . declaration 

granting independence to colonial territories and 

peoples . 

That being the case, the Council called up the French 

Government to take immediate measures to enable the 

people of the "(7omoro Islands" to exercise their right 

to self-detf~rrnination and independence. It also directed 

African group at the I7.N. to press far the inclusion 

of those islands on the list of none-self-governing areas . 

And to make clear the position of Africa of complete 

"liberation of every inch" of African territories the 

Ministers ask the Secretary-General to put. the demands 

of the OAU before the U.N . Decolonization Committee 

to place the Comoro Islands on the list. 

The Canned of Ministers noted the reports of the; 

Administrative Secretary-General, the committee of five 

an Rhodesia as well as the report of the foreign ministers 

of Algeria, Senegal and Zambia and recalling 

10 

AFRICA SVMMIT CONFERENCE REPORTS 

- Continued From 1'reviatts Issue - 

Resolution on Rhodesia 

AID AFRICA NOW 

Committee, Inc. 

2395 8th Ave. (Near 128th St .) New York, N . Y . 10027 








New York, N . Y. 14027 



all the relevant resolutions of the "OPOanrzarrow or 

Ar+RrcA~ 17NrTY" and the [7.N . on Rhodesia besides 

those of the Security Council, imposing mandatortisanetians 

against Rhodesia, without result . 

Ivhadesia's reluctance backed by neocolonialists to 

acquiesce to peaceful requests, forced the leaders of 

Africa to become seriously concerned . They look with 

apprehension especially over the continued grave and 

dangerous situation, particularly the systematic campaign 

of terror, acts of genocide and political murder 

carried out by the rebel minority regime against the 

African people with immunity . 

Patience Approaching Exhaustion 

At this time and lacking the atomic bomb, the anly 

thing the prattlers of democracy respect, the Council 

reaffirmed that the situation in Rhodesia constitutes 

a serious threat to international peace and security . 

It strongly reffirmed again and again the right of the 

people of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) to freedom on the basis 

of majority rule, and the right to fight for national 

liberation . For those rights, two world wars were 

waged and the base upon which the I7.N. was built . 

Condemning the genocidal acts as crime against humanity, 

the statesmen called upon England again and 

again to topple the gangster minority rule by force of 

arms as she did in "Guiana" and in4 little "Anguilla." 

Foreign Settlers Warned 

They further condemned the non-African regime in 

South Africa for sending troops to fight the 7.ambians 

in their own land and told the European settlers to 

withdraw their mercenaries. It is presumed and hopefully 

so that the Africans' peaceful and friendly protestatians 

might be remembered when self-preservation 

compelled them to resort to prevailing means, when 

reason falls an deaf ears . 

It might be good for all concerned, if those settlers 

and their backers, to bear in mind the warning of the 

NOW ON THE RECORD 

The Powerful, Magnetic and Commanding Voice 

of 

MARCUS GARVEY 

Bluntly and clearly putting the position of his people 

before the world . In your own home you can now hear 

THAT VOICE AND THOSE WORDS 

that shook the world for only $1 .50 - by mail $2.25. 

Payment in Advance 

VANGUARD LOCALS UNIA R ACL 

2395 8th Avenue (at 128th St .) 

New York, N . Y . 10027 

AFRICAN OPINION

276 West 141 st $t . New York, N. Y. 

Carlos A. Cooks, Founder 

Charles Peaker, Administrator 

Saudi Arabian Representative at U.N . in 1966 that : 

"Any colonial power which consistently does not allow 

the oppressed people to enjoy the right of sel .fdeterminatian 

forfeits its right to be a member of the 

U.N . South Africa has closed its ears to the United 

Nations' appeals for nearly 20 years . 

If the stat2~s quo is preserved, a racial conflict will 

flare up . A racial revolution not only may bring about 

th.e end of South Africa, as a state but 7nay endanger 

the lif e of any European white man who sets foot on 

Africa and e-uentleally-who knows or, Asian soil . 

the are approaching the eleventh hour, amt we should 

not wait until a racial conflagration spreads all over 

Africa, leaving nothing behind it but ashes and dee1~ 

sorrow for multitudinous victims, white and black, regardless 

of their ethnic origin, or the color of their skin. 

Financial and Material Aid Urgent 

The Council called upon all states and all Africans 

to provide more financial and material assistance far 

intensifying the struggle inside Zimbabwe and to render 

all moral and material assistance to them in the 

war of liberation . It further coYlgratlllated the (ZAPU 

and the ANC (ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLES UNION, 


~~! 

pIIIIIIl01kIIl 

Slogan : °`TRUTH AND CHARITY" 







WELCOME! to Our Recreational Hall or HEADQUARTERS 

31 West 125th Street New York, N. Y. 10027 

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NEW YORK, N. Y. 

[(~If~(Illlillllilll~lil111 

We Endorse O A U May 25th 

- AFRICA DAY - 

( I ) Become An African Nationalist 

(2) Support Marcus Garvey Day - August 17th 

(3) Support Carlos Cooks Day - June 23rd 

Ethiopian Wisdom House of Judah 

Salute 


(4) Support Repatriation Bill H R 8965 

African Nationalist Pioneer 

Movement 

Offers Weekly Movies 

on 

AFRICA AND AFRICAN COMMUNITIES 

at 

AN1) AF1vIC'AN NA2IONAI. CONGI1FSS) 111 cl'eatlng $ 

united front . And since a state of war exists in Rhodesia, 

it demands that freedom fighters if captured Le 

treated as prisoners of war, under Ked Cross convention. 

The Governments of Tanzania, Zambia and Kenya 

have been requested to use their good offices with those 

movements and farther instructed Africans at the U.N . 

to force England to get rid of the foreign importers' 

regime in Rhodesia and cautioned Portugal against 

supporting Rhodesia. 

Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation 

o-f Africa 

Noting with satisfaction the progress of African 

Nationalist troops and the "Committee far the Liberation 

of Africa," the Council congratulated the forces 

operating in Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and Angola 

in their progress . 

The Council called on all presidents of African 

States to increase their allotment and bolster the efficiency 

of the troops in the field . 


OUR FAMILIES PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, INC. 

Recreational 

- Discussions 

Loans 

Phone : 

FI 8-5804 

Mr . L. Kofi Brown, President

( Continued f ~'orn page 7 ) 

when the demands for "self image" 

is heard . 

Da-We notice taa that many of 

the white students, with their future 

before them, are co-operating with 

the African and Puerta Rican students 

. Can you unravel this "Chinese" 

puzzle, Uba ? 

Uba-I am not a Chinese. We 

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Address : Vanguard Local, UNIA 

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AGENTS WANTED 

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AFRIOAN OPINION 

Address : 

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NILELOGS 

JAMES WILKINS, Pres. & Secy . JOHN DAWAY, Vice Pres . MARY KELLMAN, Treas . 

can however watch the fowl's skin 

as the wind blaws. Let us watch and 

see what is under the feathers . Since 

the hurricane started we have ahead}discovered 

a "vicious system" operating 

under the feathers. That system 

kept a tremeudons amount of black 

youths out of college and the reason 

might be shaven as the wind continues 

to blow . 

Da-Since the disturbance started 

and the "Civil Rights Act" signed, 

and to maintain the democratic front, 

a few Africans and Puerta Ricans 

gained entrance to a few schools. 

Now it is announced the college will 

take in a Ia.rge number, of what they 

called minority groups . 

It later came to light that the 

Black students, after discovering the 

v~hites were armed to the teeth and 

a cross, the symbol of Christianity, 

Syd. St . James 

burned in the Klansmen style in 

front of the black girls dormitory, 

the African students "armed themselves 

too." 

Uba-With guns on the campus of 

higher learning ? 

Da-That's right, sir, "I'ar selfdefense" 

they claimed . Could this be 

a plot to influence and justify actions 

of the feverished osculation of the 

"white backlash" to reduce the explosive 

population, Uba ? 

Uba-The whole "mess" might be 

influenced by back stage forces . 

Therefore Africans should clearly 

see the "Handwriting on the Wall" 

and pull up stakes without delay and 

leave America . Don't deceive yourself 

or permit yourself to believe that 

this "mess" is accidental, or influenced 

by the hands of the convenient 

"outsiders" . 

MAGIC EMPLOYMENT AGENCY 

1303 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N . Y. 11233 

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AFRICAN OPINION

THE PLACE OF URANIUM IN 

NIGER'S ECONOMY 

(From 1'~Tiyer Perspectives) 

Preparatory work for the mining of uranium in the 

60 square kilonxcter area around Arlit i~ proceeding 

at a fast pace. 'Ihe French Atomic Energy Commission 

holds the exclusive rights . The mineral is found about 

150 feet below the surface and open-cast mining will 

necessitate the removal of several million tans of sand 

and rock . 'This started oai the 4th November last year, 

the date of the first dynamiting of the upper rock 

stratum. Since them same 150,000 tans have been moved 

each month . 

At the same time the construction of the first buildings 

for the new town of 5,000 inhabitants has already 

started . 

The project as a whale is impaling, especially in 

relation to Niger's skeletal infrastructure . For it shaul.d 

not be forgotten that the uranium bearing zone is 

nearly 250 km to the north-west of Agadez, which is 

itself the "gateway to the desert" and 2,500 km from 

the noarest port . 3 :1,000 tons of goads must be carried 

them each ,year, including fuel-oils, which is, in itself, 

xio mean task . 

This means, in affect, that goods disembarked at 

Cotanou or Dahomey will first be carried the 400 km 

to Parakou by rail, there loaded auto lorries which 

must follow the 1,000 km of unpaved road to Tahotxa, 

and then, .from this town, take the 650 km of desert 

track to Arlit, going via Agadez . The whale of this 

route must, of course, be drastically improved to ease 

the passage of such a volume of traffic . 

As from now, nearly 4,000,000 CFA in wages is 

lreixxg paid each nxonth to the 400 workmen employed 

at Arlit SOMAIR, a workforce which will be increased 

to nearly 900 when the mining proper begins . 

Tlxe authorities in Niger have high hopes of the 

uranium mining for several reasons . 

hirst, SOMAIR, must invest some 13 thousand million 

CFA in order to get under way the extraction of 

the ore which holds 0.25°fo uranium, and its transformation 

into 65 to 70% uranate of soda. Naw the 

investment of such a sum, which is equal to one and 

a half times the State's budget, can only have a f;aQOrable 

effect an the whole economy, even taking into 

consideration the fact that most of the money will go 

to buying foreign goads . 

The provision of roads capable of carrying the traffic 

described above will also favorably influence the whale 

economy, without taking into account the fact that 

to a certain degree it will be easier to prospect the 

underlying layers whose potentialities are hardly known . 

Finally, it is worth nothing that Niger will receive, 

in the farm of taxes and dividends 66% of the profits 

made, whilst 34% will go to its partners . Looked at 

like this the whole affair seems very propitious, espe- 


dally since the SOMAIR experts, wlxo were thinking 

two years ago of setting up-pilot factory to produce 

`200 tans of uranium per year, now exuvisage a productian 

of 750 tons starting from 1971, and 1,500 tons 

in 1974.. 

~~'hatever happens, St)llAIR, with a budget of 

7,500 million CFA, is going to figure largely in Niger's 

economy . 

(L'ontizrued f-rom page 11) 

Special Recommendation 

The Council of Ministers of the OAU recommended 

that : 

On 25t1z May, "Africa Day", National programmes 

to include the sale of badges and emblems, showing of 

films arzd otleer events for the purpose of collecting 

ftends for the liberation struggle . 

And to make funds available for reproduction of 

films made as an example of the magnificent szzccess of 

some Liberation Movements, particularly th,e PAIGC 

in Gui,ea Bissau . Such films should be shown in all 

African States and all African Communities so that 

all floe people can be informed of tlce sacrifices and 

activities of their strzegyliyrg brothers in, floe colonial 

territories . 

Declares that a~zy aggression on, azay OAU 1llember 

State by the colonialist and regiynes of Portugal, "South, 

Africa" and Rhodesia is regarded as an aggression on 

all Africans. 

And congralulated az~d records ill thanks to the 

Gnvernment.s and people, leosts to recognized liberation 

movements, and particularly those States adjacent to 

" tlre fields of struggle for th,e immense sacrifices they 

az°e daily shouldering in order to hasten the capitulation 

of the colonialists and the enemies of A frica . 

Greetings 

on 


to All Africans at 

HOME OR ABROAD 

on this 

Our Day of Unity . 

Returns Once Again 

GOD SAVE AFRICA 

GEORGE D. RANDOLPH 

New Jersey, U. S. A.

FOR THE SAKE O~F THOSE THAT COME 

(Issued b,y Afro~A1~I Alliance) 

We, this generation of Black men 

and Black women, people of African 

descent, are responsible for the greatest 

awakening of oer people to reclaim 

what is theirs . Sleeping minds 

are being refreshed and brought to 

life by the impact of new found 

drops of "Wisdom" . 

Knowledge with her piercing dagger 

has opened the way and is revealing 

a treasure house of ancient 

wisdom, and self esteem that goes 

back to the very emotion of Man. 

~~'isdom is the application of one's 

knowledge . 1Ve mast again make our 

bid at mastering and using the experience 

of oer longhidden past. 

A man withoet a past, to gmide 

his future is like an arrow shot into 

the sky, an a dark stormy night, and 

where it will come to rest the archer 

could dare not say . But one single 

arrow flown by the well trained 

archer can indeed hit the mark . 

We have begun to use the potent 

tool of our self knowledge and by 

using this we shall be made wise in 

the ways of overcoming our plight . 

Each Blaclc man and each Black 

woman whose eyes shall open from 

dumper shall indeed be an arrow in 

the struggle of am fighting leaders ; 

an arrow ready to fly sure and tree 

to the mark . So let us hall dear to 

our ancient history and grow wiser 

through its knowledge. 

If those who pity themselves would 

ceaso and apply what oppression has 

taught ns, and perceive what good 

results will come from self efforts, 

we would learn great truths about 

our inner selves that has been hidden 

for so long . 

It is heart-warming to realize that 

we are Black and being Black is 

Beautiful . We know that, with the 

price of many Black bodies, we have 

been able to service a cruel and mast 

vicious system of Dehumanization . 

But we have survived and those of 

us that are committed to this strut 

gle need to be remindful of this fact . 

14 

The struggling Blaclc youth of to- 

day cr~~ out for universal freedom 

and individual expression. We need 

our souls tar reach otzt to God, not 

the God that this system has trampled 

into the mud, not the God that 

we castrate each Sunday nor the God 

we mock with the other six days of 

the. week. 

No~ ! we need the companionship 

of the Gad of our fathers, the Gad 

that gave our people the breath of 

life and with that their Beautifnlness 

. We need to allow our souls to 

touch the God that is within es. We 

plead far the unfolding of the God 

strength and wisdom that has been 

kept from am soul eyes . 

r 

VISION FOR AFRICA, Inc. 

and i+s Presiden+, Rev. P . L . Drier, D.D . 

Wish +o Greet Africans Everywhere 

ON AFRICA DAY, MAY 25+h 

There is a generation hchind ns 

that may look epon our weaknesa 

with wise understanding, and epon 

our self-pity as ignorance. The generation 

that is now bedding may not 

compromise with our lacking . They 

will far no price compromise their 

dignity, their liberty, their religion, 

or their luzmaness for the few pieces 

of gold that we accept daily . 

It is am responsibility to spearhead 

the way for those that will take 

the taw from our hand and brio' 

our long struggles to a conclusion . 

So let us strive on and on and 

willfully never compromise our ancient 

culture. 

And +o inform everyone +hat we are nearing the time when every man 

shall turn +o his own people and flee everyone into his own land . 

(According +o Isaiah-13+h Chapter, 14+h Verse) 

The Presiden+ of Vision for Africa, is planning his third +rip +o 

Africa in July, 1969 wi+h his dough+er, Joan, a graduate of +he 

Universi+y of Buffalo and Wilberforce with a B .S . and M.A . degrees, 

and his son . 

Further informa+ion, phone 212 EN 9-I 178 

Per . Roy Brown 

DUN RITE PHARMACY 

J. ANDERSON, B,Sc . 

Registered Pharmacist, Proprietor 

895 Gates Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. 11221 

Corner Reid Avenue Phone GL 3-4034 

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AFRICAN OPINION

CUSTOMS AND TRADITION 

Enthronement of a New King 

In the Lobi District 

In the 7,o~bi district, in the Bottna region in the 

North-East of the Ivory Coast, when the successor to 

a dead king is proclaimed, ho mast leave the village 

during tho entire three months mourning period . The 

future king may set foot 

last day of the elaborata 

in the village only on the 

funeral rites. He arrives 

there, acconnpanied by his armed guard, and goes Towards 

the dead king's hawse, or more precisely towards 

the tomb where he will be buried . Tradition requires 

that the now king circle the tomb three times, then let 

out a war cry that his tromp of warriors must take up 

in shams . For several decades now this warliks ceremony 

has bean accompanied by gun-shots fired into the 

air . 

'fhe enthronement is subject to certain very strict 

regulations. For example, the coronation of the new 

king cannot proceed without the final rites of the d~;ceased 

king having first been performed, and these can 

only begin on a Tuesday . When the new king arrives 

with his army at the site of the royal funeral, he is 

greatcd by the customary chief who gives the newly 

elected king the advice and precepts which should henceforth 

gttido his actions . The day after these rites, 

custom demands that the king make a sacrifice on the 

tomb o~f his predecessor : in this way a chicken and a 

he-goat will be immolated . Then the now king kills an 

ox and divides the carcass among any outsiders who 

may have came to take part in the funeral rites : 

offal is kept for the guardian of the tomb. 

the 

Finally, on Thursday, 

enthronement take place . 

the last ceremonies of the 

Tradition requires that the 

deceased king's youngest son ride a donkey which will 

be sacrificed in turn . 

In the. aftsrno~on folk dances are organized in the 

village square and tom-tams beat the rhythm of the 

dances and the festive songs . 

And thus 

times . 

Buona relives its ceremonies of former 

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S West 117th Street New York, N. Y. 10026

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Opinion 

ZAMBIA TAKES 

OVER 

MINERAL RIGHTS 

PRIZE FIGHTER 

LED PILGRIMAGE 

TO AFRICA 

JAMES LEOPOLD 

Oct.-Nov . , rt"ss Women of Achievement Stand High By GLADYS P . GRAHAM

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AFRICAN OPINION


Journal of 


Vol . 9 OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1969 Nos. 3 & 4 

Jas . L. Brown . ... ... ... . . . ... ..... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... . .. ... ... ... ... .. . .. ... . Editor and Manager 

Victor G. Cohen . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. ... . .. . .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. . .. ... . .. Associate Editor 

H. Cumberbatch .. ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . . . . ..... ... . .. ... ... ... Associate Editor 

Gladys P . Graham (Famata) ... .. . ... .. . .. ... ... .. . .. . ... . Woman's Editor 

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 

Portrait on Cover : Dr. 

Story on Page 5 

Angie Brooks-UN Photo 

Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 

Women of Achievement Stand High 

By Gladys P. Graham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Prize Fighter Led Pilgrimage to Africa 

By James Leopold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

Why Am I Here . . . . . . . 

When, Where and Why? 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

By Da & Uba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 

Letters from the Homeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 

Mandate Adopted by Garvey Convention . . . . . . . 13 

Zambia Takes Over Mineral Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

Things Worth Noting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 

» 

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LETTERS TO EDITOR 

Dear Mr . Editor, 

Please grant me space in OUR 

Journal to say how satisfied I am 

to live to see all what the Late Hon . 

Marcus Garvey said come true. This 

man _qf God, Marcus Garvey, when 

leaving Jamaica for England, sleeping 

black men said : "Garvey, you are 

finished with the African question ." 

Garvey answered : "I am going to 

England where I can find someone 

to send the message to Mother Africa 

. We want a United States of 

Africa ." There he found Dr . Kwame 

Nkrumah who carried the Gospel of 

the fatherhood of God and the 

brotherhood of man . And out of this, 

I can see come the "Organization of 

African Unity" of which all Africans 

are proud to have. 

S . B . Gardner 

Jamaica, W. I . 

Room 338 

Dear Sir : 

CHARTER To TRINIDAD 

FOR CARNIVAL 

Round Trip Air Fare $155.00 

AFRICA 

Phone : 697-6057 

We are writing to let you know 

your work is very much appreciated 

by African Americans who are 

awakened in this 20th century . 

Those. individuals who are seeking 

to return home, those who are seeking 

to bridge the so-called gap between 

Africans at. home and Africans 

in'A' ierica are the ones who have a 

vision of the future . These are the 

ones who can see that there is no 

future for the black race if we don't 

have Africa . 

Yes! we are for (Bill) HR S965 

Repatriation for Americans of African 

Descent. 

Keep up the work of informing 

scattered Ethiopians, and may God 

strengthen us all . 

Leaving New York City February 1, 1970 

342 MADISON AVENUE 

Returning February 15th 

-Jocrrist ~ -Jrave C/~t~enc'y 

Mrs. JaYnes & Family 


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INCLUDING THE U. S. A. 

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Dear Mr. Editor, 

I was given a copy of "African 

Opinion" and was very much impressed. 

I am a resident of New 

York City, but I am employed by 

the United States Air Force here. 

If it is possible, I would like to 

become a regular subscriber to your 

"African Opinion" magazine. 

Enclosed is a money order ($1 .50) 

for a one year subscription. Also 

can you send a catalog of your other 

fine reading material. Thank You for 

your cooperation. 

Sincerely, 

Gary Patterson 

Selma, Alabama 36701 

Dear Sir, 

In the very near future, I am 

planning to open a book store in the 

Germantown area of Philadelphia to 

serve the African community. This 

book store will deal mainly in 

"black" literature . 

I would like to handle the "African 

Opinion" magazine. It is one of 

the most informed periodicals that 

deal with problems confronting the 

African American in this country 

today . 

Broadus S. Williams 


Dear Sir : 

I am writing to inform you of a 

change of address as of July 1st. I 

would appreciate starting July 1st 

you would s nd my subscription of 

AFRICAN OPINION Magazine to 

the below address. 

Also I wolad be very thankful if, 

with the very next issue, you would 

please send the expiration date of 

said subscription so as I will know 

exactly when to renew. 

I really enjoy reading this particular 

magazine and hope very 

much to continue such. The whole 

of the Black population here, in 

North America, should definitely 

read this informative magazine . 

Thank ,yon . With peace and best 

wishes, 

Geo . Hall 

Newark, N. J . 

AFRICAN OPINION

WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT 

Dr . Arrgie E . Brooks, Woman of 

1 test my and second woman elected 

president of the United Nations Gen- 

(INrl Asscntblv, is currently being addru,sac! 

as lladam President by her 

colleagues of come 120 delegations 

;'rom around the globe, with African 

missions in the ascendency, with 38 

strong. 

'I'lte 41 year old diplomat, Angie 

I,;Iizabeth Ilrooks, made history and 

set an awesome precedent when she 

was elected President of the twentyfourth 

session of the General Assembly 

rmaninrously with every country 

responding . :1 standing" ovation 

greeted the Liberian Assistant Secretary 

of State when the election re- 

,rtlts were iturmunced and the IT.N . 

1)r)dy rose to its feet . again when she 

was escorted tit the rostrum to take 

Irer scat. 

'fhc unique honor tops her eleventh 

ye;tr as Assistant Sc("retarv of State 

of I,i1H .ria and her tifteenth year as 

lrer ooutttr ;v's rle le-rate to the General 

.lsscttd)ly where " sire served in various 

vtllttwities . 

Mrs . Ilrooks has servcKl as vice 

Chsirrnart of the Assembly's Fourth 

('( , .urruittee ('Trust and Non-Self- 

Goyorttitrf, 'I'crritories) : Vice-Presirlvotrt 

4 the Committee on Tnformatiorr 

from :ion-Self-Governing Territories 

; Chainrrmi of the Fourth Commirree 

; (1mirmau of the United NatWrrs 

Visitiug- 11is,ion to the Trust 

'1'erri tarry i)f the Pacific Islands ; 

Vir-, , -I'residvrrt ,hood President of the 


By GLADYS P. GRAHAM 

(Famata ) 

Trusteeship Council antong other 

pertinent bodies during her long and 

productive years at the International 

11 -orld forruu . Her opinions, declararirrns 

and statesnran,hip have been 

laudatory and unpreeedently with 

versatility and sagacity, a woman of 

valor and t minendy qualified for the 

high posts . 

Born in Vir;ginin, Montserrado 

County, Lihcrio, she holds earned 

degrees fry>rri Shaw University in 

Raleigh, North Carolina (U.S.A .) 

on a scholarship with lter working her 

way through rolle-e as a student . 

Mrs. Brooks also holds a Bachelor 

of Law and Master of Science degree 

in political srierwe from the TTrriver- 

Slogan : "TRUTH AND CHARITY" 

OUR FAMILIES PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, INC. 







WELCOME! to Our Recreational Hall or HEADQUARTERS 

31 West 125th Street New York, N . Y . 10027 

STAND HIGH 

Donations Appreciated! Mr. L . Kofi Brown, President 

sity of Wisconsin . She did advanced 

study at the University of London 

trnrl obtained a Doctor of Civil Law 

degree from the University o£ Li- 

4eria . She was the first of her sex 

t o be admitted to practice before the 

Supreme Court of Liberia . Later she 

served as Assistant . Attorney-General 

of Liheria. 

As a lawyer of scope she was extended 

every consideration by President 

NN' . NT, S . Tubman who emancipated 

tire female species politically. 

Angie Ilrortks served as Vice-President 

of the International Federation 

of Women Lawyers . She represented 

Liberia and the Federation at the 

first session of the United Nations 

I"conomi(I Commission for Africa. 

Her two rears as Vice-President 

of the National Liberian Political 

and Social Movement. was momeutons 

as was her serviee as Special 

Assistant to the Lott Carey Baptist 

Foreign Mission Convention which 

played an important part in setting 

up seholarships for Liberian youth. 

"This outstanding daughter of Africa, 

indicated to "Famata" that Liberia 

was an Afriearr State that must be 

able to cope with all phases of development 

. 

Proud of her Africmi heritage and 

her Afriean dress, which she always 

,xcars with dignitv, her motto is to 

actually live the principle that 

brotherhood is an example for others 

to follow and to leave something of 

worth for those following behind . 

Recreational 

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Loans 

Phone : Fl S-5$04

PRIZE FIGHTER LED PILGRIMAGE TO AFRICA 

A group of African Americans, who embraced the 

faith of their fathers, left the United States on September 

2nd, 1969 on a tour of the African homeland 

led by the popularly known "Kid McCoy" of prizefighter 

fame and now a member of the Ethiopian 

Church, formerly Coptic . The group besides the church 

members composed of officials of the UNIA & African 

Communities League of New York and others from 

Brooklyn and New Jersey . 

Leaving New York, their first stop was in Greece, 

then to Asmara, Ethiopia, and finally Addis Ababa, 

the capital, now viewed as the "Capital of Africa," 

where the seat of the "Organization of African Unity" 

(OAU) is located. 

The Pilgrims, some members of the "St. Tekla Haymanot 

Brotherhood Society" of the Church, were 

gracefully received by the Abuna, Acting Patriarch 

and Archbishop of Harar who "wish them a pleasant 

stay among their Ethiopian brethren". 

Places and Sceneries 

The National Tourist Agency delegated to conduct 

the tour showed, the sons and daughters who return 

to the homeland for the first time all that were possible 

within time limit . 

Warmly received by His Majesty, the Emperor and 

all they met including the Dean of "Haile Selassie I 

University," they visited the "Africa Hall and Library" 

of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) ; 

the zoo ; rug industrial setup ; rope factory ; steel foundry 

; The Holy Trinity Church ; Tomb of King Solomon 

; the Chief Galla and Menelik tombs and other 

historical places . 

The streets they reported are immaculately clean ; 

not even a matchstick is seen . No loitering, no drunks, 

no dope addicts, no vulgarity, no discourtesy, no muggings 

reported . One reported walking 2 A.M. with no 

fear of being molested . So impressed with the general 

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 

6 

UP YOU MIGHTY RACE 

Entire Records of Marcus Garvey 

Dramatically Portrayed By 

Amy Ashwood Garvey, Songs of Thelma Massy & 

Lord Obstinate . High Lighted by the Tony Thomas 

Orchestra . Lyric & Music by Rabbi Arnold Ford . 

Price : $3 .98 

Phone : 212 MO 6-6860 

National African Book Store 

101 West 125th Street 

New York, N . Y . 10027 

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 

By JAMES LEOPOLD 

hospitality and serenity that some could not hold back 

the tears, as others kissed the soil of their ancient land, 

and murmured : "My dreams come true . . . our real 

home ." Some stated they went there with pains and 

body aches and by some mystery the aches and pains 

disappeared . 

Colony of Settlers 

The last stop was the Colony of Malcoda in the 

Province of Shashamane. The colony is a large area 

of flat, fertile land granted by the Emperor to Africans 

in the Americas for their support during the Italian 

invasion of Ethiopia, in 1936 . The settlement is called : 

the "Ethiopian World Federation Colony", Malcoda, 

Shashamane, with Mr. James Piper, Administrator . 

:111 those who desire to live there may acquire a 

site for home and garden free of cost except for a 

minor fee of about Fifteen ($15) Dollars to cover 

registration and taxes . Settlers now there are mostly 

from the West Indies and the United States . Thus far 

Malcoda has a ten room clinic, a school, and a few 

homes and is opened to thousands who are seeking 

peaceful living, security and freedom from fear . 

The Only Disturbing Factors 

The administration is having or experiencing a little 

difficulty now and then with transients, bearing all the 

earmarks of imperialist agents, sent to disturb the 

peaceful progress of what tends to become a "Rock of 

Ages ." That disruptive technique has been going on in 

Liberia since around 1884 to the present. 

The purpose for the subversive tactics, all things 

considered, is to prevent the sons and daughters from 

air-cad, with the "know how", to assist the brothers 

-it home . Their presence there, like those of the foreign 

Jews flocking to Palestine, they reason, might retard 

th- move now in progress to make Africa a white man's 

ccnntry . 

However there is a wind of change blowing in the 

AID AFRICA N0W 

Committee, Inc . 

2395 8th Ave . (Near 128th St.) New York, N . Y . 10027 








New York, N . Y . 10027 



AFRICAN OPINION

Photo : Showing Pilgrims in fro+at of the Cathedral with the flbuna in robe . 

Next on his right is Kid McCoy. Rack head only, is Francisco Rockwood. 

On Mr . McCoy's right, in black coat, is his wife, Mrs. McCoy. 

international sphere stud the rise of African Nationalism 

tends to reverse the age old scheme. 

Met by a welcome oomnnittee headed by Mrs . Gladys 

Stephen,, of the Vam .nnard hiu " al, VNIA & African 

Communities Lea-tic, pd-rinis alighted from the 

plane did not show the experte(l cnthusiasiu c"omparahle 

with that shown oil leaving . On questioning, it was 

revealed that they "did not , 

want to leave" that "happy 

valley" discovered previously by I)r. Fortune Fletcher, 

direetor of the "ATedhane ~1lem School" in Addis 

Ababa, who stated : "For the first time in my long 

educational career (at Lincoln ITniversity, 111"o .) I've 

foutid ecniplcte frcv dorn, nnstintcd cooperation and resp(n 

:ise 11) 111 N creative efforts . 

'I'lu . rhiidren like their parents are exquisitely polite. 

They are say catgcr to learn that disciplinary problems 

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are non-existent. They revere their elders and especially 

their teachers . Ves, L've found any happy valley, the 

ancient kingdom of Ethiopia, in East Africa, the oldest 

empire in the world . IIer kings are descendent of King 

Solomon and the Queen of Sheba ." 

I have grown to love this countt .v, which is magnificeittly 

hcantiful, and her people, simple, kind, ardently 

patriotic, and justly proud of their ancient past . 

ltilavine Wnhardson, African-American singer, followed 

: "There's something strange, strange like magic 

about patting your foot on the soil of Africa that 

:,elves veil a sernslttiott you've m ver lead before in vonr 

life. I felt it and experienced it Imt cannot explain it . 

Ycs, I wa completelY overcoiiie by the spirit of freedom, 

untrammeled fn edonn' I was at home once more 

with my people. I felt happy, secured and moved . 

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My attention is called first to the 

proclamation of the honorable Mr . 

Dan H. Brown, The 2nd, President 

of this Congress, requesting all members 

of the Christian Congress to 

join in appealing to God, for His 

blessing and guidance for all mankind, 

and for a new birth of freedom 

and peace in our beloved America. I 

have given this proclamation a careful 

study trying to comprehend its 

full meaning . If and when these 

words are translated into action 

through the Congress of Christian 

States of America, we can truly say 

the new birth of America is here . 

For forty (40) years, since 1928, 

we have traveled the length and 

breadth of America ; from the Atlantic 

to the Pacific ; and have used 

every available means of communication 

to warn Americans, black and 

white, against this day. 

We have urged 100 per cent cooperation 

between black and white 

Americans to prevent the destruction 

of this nation from within . We 

warned Americans both black and 

white that integration has destroyed 

every nation that tolerated such 

folly ; and that America would be no 

exception to the rule. 

This prediction was fulfilled from 

1965 through 1967 when violence 

broke out from Maine to Florida ; 

and from New York to California 

for self-determination . 

Ladies and gentlemen, it cannot 

8 

(Statements to Congress of Christian States, White Society of America by Bishop Addison 

286 LENOX AVENUE 

124 & 125 St . 

African Botique 

"WHY AM I HERE" 

be gotten through forced integration 

; nor by freedom rides and 

marches. Public prayers have not 

served the purpose intended and singing 

God's praises in the streets have 

not solved the problems. This is concrete 

proof where integration leads. 

We, of the African Universal 

Church and Commercial League Corporation, 

havewarned White America 

that passage of various Civil Rights 

Bills will lower "America" into her 

already open grave. We warned 

Black America the passage could only 

be a strong barbiturate to keep the 

black man peacefully sleeping while 

your so-called "friends" bury your 

so-called "White Enemies" and enslave 

you and your chldren's children 

for generations to come . 

The so-called poor people's campaign 

was proof that although the 

masses of people watch them plunge 

into the gulf of destruction, they continue 

to march in the same direction . 

These endeavors are sinking America, 

both white and black . We should 

want to know from whence cometh 

the money to support these evils since 

we are taxed on every hand . 

How long can we survive if the 

people continue along these lines. 

In order to be free all people had 

to sponsor a threefold program : the 

Black Man is no exception to the 

rule. 

(1) Onr spiritual development must 

meet God's specification 

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(2) Our standard of living must be 

brought up to the level with 

those whom we desire to be 

equal with 

Our economic structure must be 

so geared that we become the 

controlling factor of our own 

destiny. Then and only then 

will we be free and equal with 

other men. 

The black man must pay the same 

price, to satisfy his thirst for freedom 

. 

This is the danger that drives me 

to my feet! How can we sleep in a 

time like this? We must prevent this 

destruction of a nation that came into 

being by God's Grace. We cannot 

allow white or black to drift along 

unthinkingly toward this great gulf 

of danger. It is because of this that 

"I AM HERE" and now calling upon 

the soul and mind of White and 

Black America for 100 per cent cooperation, 

so together we can save 

America for the white, and all who 

wish to retain their stay, and build 

Africa for all who wish to return. 

This work must be done, and it must 

be started now. 

There are whites as well as blacks 

who have not understood the plan of 

the A.U.C. & C.L . CORP ., African 

Stock Exchange Association Development 

Corporation. Some don't want 

to understand . But I must explain 

our objective for the good of the 

world and humanity . 

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II 

AFRICAN OPINION

Archbishop Clarence C . Addison, Visible Head of 

AFRICAN UNIVERSAL CHURCH 

COMMERCIAL LEAGUE CORPORATION 

CALLING 144,000 MEN -- WOMEN -- YOUTH 

To Create a New Society 

And Bring Peace Out of Chaos 

By Using the Route Leading From 

SERVITUDE TO MASTERY 

AND FROM MISERY TO COMFORT 

as Shown in His New Book 

"CONSTITUTION" 

Founder and President-General of AFRICAN STOCK EXCHANGE 

ASSOCIATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, Incorporated under the 

Laws of the State of New York, Dec . 4, 1964, the Archbishop invites 

Concerned Parties to Public Meetings at 

LIBERTY HALL 

8 P.M . Thursdays and 3 P.M . Sundays 

3802 3rd Avenue (Near 171st Street) Bronx, N. Y . 

For further information, address: ARCHBISHOP C. C. ADDISON 

14 Webster Place, East Orange, N. J . 07018 

New Jersey Phone : 202-675-0896 New York Phone: 212-583-7466 

'F11oso of the black Race that 

pr(nrlr s(x,ial (-quality, and who are 

working for an American race that 

will, ill complexion, be neither white 

or black, f am afraid they will never 

rlndersi-and our plan to create our 

ciwll 1 "1ltployment in America and 

I 11111d "ntr own New York City ill 

1 friv.l . 

1Vlrite America, it is later than 

vcit I tliilrk . 

' I' ll( , k( ,(-tr student; must realize that 

the cenlrrries ahead will brilig us an 

(o"('r-crowded eountlv . Will there be 

rootit for two powerful races working 

one against, the other? '1'Iie answer 

is n((. Imagine, tile black race powerful 

in ambition but weal; in ecomlries 

: holdin' positions which white 

('11101 Iield, and the whit.(' deprived of 

positii -m .,4 while black are at work and 

rrlilli"t1 ., of whites ell starvation 

~-ircct : or just turn it, around, black 

living ill the city of poverty. Here 

you have the bloody picture of wholesale 

mot, violence before yon that 

I fear, alld a"'ainst which we are 

wvn "1; i 1l ~~ . 

No prcaehing : praying lior presi- 

(letili :rl prcx " l;11rlatiorl i-VIII I'MOT,01 tile 


passion of huugrv mireasuning men 

r1t:ty they he white or black ; when 

the lt~~ttr cWlle:-, but can't %. oll see it 

is on its way . 'I'o prevent this is 

who CVO are wc(rhillg for . 

"White America, Listen?" 

A gcintl-ation of ambitious black 

11tcn :0111 w(nnen, out front the best 

colleges, lrlliversitles and Institutions, 

citpable of fillizlg- the hi-hesl au11 best 

positions ill flu " nation` in industry, 

(-(n1tri0re, scwiety an(1 lx,litics, can 

You keep tlneni back? If you do so 

tllev will :rgilate and 11trow yoitr constil 

, utiirrr ill Yonr face. (.'an vote stand 

lwf(jrv civilizotion and deny the truth 

~of ~(nir c(mstitillioll? What are you 

"(1itt- t(o dc, then? 1'ou who ire just 

will lip(-it the door (1f opportunity and 

rry ii) all ( titer ill . 13ut ladies and 

0, cr1t1( "rtwir, what thell if i-liere is not 

etrc,ti-11, tnav they Ire white or black, 

the rrarvilr- crowd could he of -our 

rY+yrt race' . 1Ci11 they stand liv, suffer 

and st :irv(" and allow, ill opposite 

nice to o pr("par in the midst of their 

(li " rrcss 

'There 1 ,4 Ilut (111(+ solution, and that 

is to pnivide ill owlet for the 131ack 

Archbishop Addison shown addressing 

the Congress of The Christian 

States of America assembled in National 

Convocation, in St. Louis, 

Mo ., June 10 thru 13, 1969 . 

11an's energy, ambition, and passion, 

of his own. 

'I'lle hlaek mall lnusl ; have a coun- 

(of his (,wtt ; a elation in which 

11C ('10l foully identify himself . 

"Why Should the Black or White 

Die?" 

ll,is llw black malt as well as the 

white , matt served America and the 

world'! If:as It(, trot locwtre the burden 

,of eiviliz;rli(ul in fills western world 

for tl1re( " 1rttildred vears? 11as lie not 

coirtnhuk "d cof liis (rest to America? 

tit1rcly all 1111- stollds 14, Ills credit. 

11ttt t1wrc will trot lie enough room 

~111,I lure woe answer is ford a place. 

. .,j" ( " have fmind ,i lface ; it is Africa 

fl)r the Afric " :1t- at ]ionic and 

;ihn,ad ~ ., lfack Melr for thr( "c hull- 

1 1rctl vv :ir :s li :tvc ltellwd white rtlen 

111til(I _Ii1i( " ric " :1, ,urcl~- and 

-1,11t(4111 \01h(' 111('1 .«- ill help black 

rr1Cr1 lolrild Afr1C,1 . 

11'( " c ;1r1 orrly 11 :tv(- lwacc when we 

an , 'ilt,t to all niarlt.hid : acid for that 

loi"ncc, :111(1 far the rein (of universal 

Ic1r( " , I 11((w nplwal to the soul of 

\Vlritc " .111i( " ri( ;i, "Lf:"f 11Y PE0- 

111.1, : t :(), . .

Da-Uba, there are multitudes of 

fictitious and concocted words, 

phrases, and ideas rapidly repeating 

and spreading. Many of these have 

been invented hundreds of years ago 

and, although discarded by science 

and common sense, they are still being 

hammered into the consciousness 

of the least suspected. 

For example : it is stated and constantly 

repeated that the "Good 

Lord" summoned a'fictitious creature 

named "Moses" into a "burning 

bush", of all places somewhere in 

Southern Asia and gave him some 

Commandments, now being used by 

the Christians . Who was this imaginary 

person, Uba ? 

Uba-From all angle of reasoning, 

Moses stands as invention to 

further the plans and purposes of 

the inventor. The same creature is 

said to have struck the Red Sea with 

a rod and that mass of ocean opened 

up to let pass out of Egypt a group 

of feigned persons, to some other 

part of Asia . It is observed of late 

that Marcus Garvey is classified as 

a "Black Moses", leaving the intended 

inference. 

Da-Here is another strange concection 

: Europeans changed the African 

name Zimbabwe to "Rhodesia" 

and the media of information here 

in the West is now naming the 

220,000 Europeans there "the Rhodesians" 

and classifying the 5,000,- 

000 Zimbabweans as "Negroes" and 

"Blaclz Rhodesians" . Isn't this an 

outright alienation, a planned process 

of elimination, Uba ? 

Uba-That is a foregone conclusion 

. Their action of forming a 

government there in which the five 

million Africans there have no say 

is as clear as crystal. Their brazen 

action, like that of their counts rpart 

in South Africa is that of genocide. 

Da-But TTba, how can they continue 

their barefaced aggression today 

with tho T`nited Nations standing 

by ? 

Uba-What TT.N . ? The U.N. is 

owned and controlled by the majority 

-permanent members of the Securit 

' v Council - China not included . 

The group of imperialists and their 

10 

WHEN, WHERE AND WHY? 

By DA & UBA 

offsprings are not dead but only 

wounded as Khruschev warned the 

liberated states . 

Da-«'hat did that mean to those 

free States in Africa, especially those 

satellites and "conservative" states 

tied to the former enemy and their 

offspring, Uba ? 

Uba - It did not penetrate the 

brainwashed mentality of those conditioned 

leaders . Have you ever 

checked the first and middle names 

c>i those mentioned in the press? Do 

' IN-On not discover they are all Europeans 

or Christian names ? And those 

names are not changed with independence, 

except by a few here and 

there who are now targets of foreign 

agents . It's a slow process to switch 

to the need of now-today. 

Da-Yes, Uba, that . is understandable 

but there was a time when it 

took months to travel from Timbuktu 

to Mecca . Today, with our jets, it 

only takes one-half day . Today with 

the printing press, radio and television, 

wire service s, it is time to be 

in step. It is time we looked out for 

ourselves multilaterally . We cannot 

afford to sit idle by and permit our 

leaders with ostrich mentality, self 

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N 

glory, ego and self aggrandizement 

to jeopardize our preservation. 

Uba-What step do you propose 

be taken at this stage of reconstruction 

in addition to the Organization 

of African Unity (OAU) with now 

42 free States? 

Da -Africa has a population of 

395,000,000 on the continent and 

approximately 100,000,000 in the 

Americas . With such a horde who 

are now sick and tired of indignity 

commonly faced, and standing ready 

to redeem themselves, the following 

steps should be taken without delay. 

1) Delegated agents of African 

States (not satellites nor conservatives) 

be commissioned to re-establish 

and reinforce the "MAU MAU" 

with instruction to politely inform 

those paid, subsidized and self-interest 

operators that the welfare of 

"the whole is greater than any of its 

parts." Let them know in brotherly 

fashion that if the masses go down, 

the suction will inevitably pull them 

down too . 

2) A special meeting of the OAU 

be summoned and promptly abolished, 

what the imperialists called, 

"African Nations" and elect one 

head of state-a Chief, King, Emperor, 

President, the name immaterial. 

3) Elect those with childish ambition 

as advisors, cabinet officials 

and other appropriate functions. 

4) Designate a commander-in- 

Chief to federalize or Africanize 

all military forces on the continent 

-army, navy, air force, police along 

with the guerillas. This must be done 

with dispatch, since it is now abimdantly 

clear that the imperialists 

u tt 

AFRICAN OPINION


FIGHTERS 



only respect the lead from the muzzle 

of a gun. 

It was reported that a field marshall 

from Egypt was named Commander 

of all African Forces. It is 

presumed his function was nullified 

by the satellites that gave "Rhodesia", 

South Africa and Portugal a 

free hand to push Africans around . 

Uba-You know these free states 

recently merged. They are poor, in 

money, know-how and underdeveloped 

and having a lot of difficulties . 

Da-But, Uba, we have 42 Governments. 

Each one maintains Embassies, 

Consulates, agencies and 

commissions in foreign countries 

with rentals, equipments, salaries, 

etc ., running into the billions annually. 

With this one African Government 

the expenses of forty-one (41) 

states will be saved for securing 

peace and progress in Africa . 

Uba-The OAU might be moving 

in that direction beginning with one 

"Africa Hall" in Addis Ababa, 

Ethiopia . 

Da-Yes, Uba, but this is the "Jet 

Age", and marking time is out of 

date. Seeing 218,000 Europeans 

pushing around 4,000,000 Africans 

in "Rhodesia" ; 3,000,000 kicking 

around 16,000,000 Africans in South 

Africa and Portugal "messing" 

" 

:: 

Phone 323-8847 

Hours : 12 Noon - 8 P.M . 

Closed Mondays 

;i 

u 

AFRICAN DEN 

ORIGINAL CLOTHING :: 

and ;; 

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By Bejo 

968 BOSTON ROAD 

BRONX, N. Y. 10456 

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a 

u 

NIGERIA AIRWAYS 

Will take you to 

DAKAR - LIBERIA - GHANA - NIGERIA - EAST AFRICA 

-Call- 

Nigeria Airways 

565 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY 

Telephone 212 OX 7-3875 

around in Angola and Mozambique 

and outside forces fanning the flame 

of fratricide in Nigeria, are not 

palatable pills to swallow . 

I)o we see the picture staring us 

in our faces where Angola, on the 

Atlantic and Mozambique on the Indian 

Ocean with the enemy in South 

Africa digging in? 

Uba-The picture is there in evidence 

and after everything is said 

and done it must occupy the interest 

of all Africans at home and abroad 

like the interest of the Jews, from all 

parts of the world, in the Palestine 

issue. Sons and Daughters of Africa 

in strategic position in other parts of 

the world "must be smart" and help 

to maintain the African base more 

AGENTS WANTED 

to handle 


Address : 

Circulation Manager 

S WEST 117th STREET 

New York, N. Y. 10026 

SEE SUNNY AFRICA THIS WINTER 

impregnable than any outside, all 

things considered . 

FALASHA 

AFRIKAN 

HUT 

Selling 

DRUMS 

0 

BAGS 

0 

CARVINGS 

0 

JEWELRY 

0 

AFRIKAN ATTIRE and CLOTHES 

BOOKS 

Everything from Africa 


BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

(Near Franklyn Ave.) 

Phone: 783-8771

INOTr : The following two letters addressed to Mr. Jom.0 

Logan, director of "African Ambassadors Ball & Dinner 

Committee", are released as information only . 

The writer of one is the outstanding African Statesman, 

Hon . Mark W. Mwithaga, member of the Kenya 

Parliament, who introduced the measure to "grant 

African Citizenship to her dispossessed sons and 

daughters in the United States and the Caribbean" . 

The other is Mr . E. U. Essien-Udom, professor of 

political science at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. 

My dear Jomo, 

I have to thank you for your letter of 19th June, 

'69, which reached me on 1st July, 1969, and the 

magazines which you enclosed therein, which I must 

confess, enthrilled me a lot . 

You may not believe it, I was somehow set to thinking 

how unworthy I am to be selected by your organization 

to receive this year's "Black Power Law Award", 

set for the 26 October, 1969, in New York City . But 

then, my philosophy on the rebirth of the African 

peoples' lost shining shrines the world over could not 

allow me otherwise than to accept the Award . I accept 

the selection and of course the Award with open arms 

and joy. 

When I first thought of the need for Africa to allow 

her dispossessed sons and daughters, now scattered all 

over the world and mainly in America, was when I was 

on a study tour of the United Kingdom. There I met 

a lot of my brothers and sisters. And after interviewing 

a number of them, I could not help thinking of 

the ways of getting them back to their motherland, 

Mother Africa . 

I held and still hold a strong belief that not one of 

you or your forefathers left this continent of one's 

accord, but as slaves in shackles, manacles and fetters 

of the white empire builders . This was a criminal act 

against nature, humanity, and morality. It was a 

criminal act which has to be deplored each day of our 

life by all those who have pride in their being black 

people ; by all those who feel that time is ripe for 

Africa and her peoples wherever they may be the 

world over, to rebuild the destroyed shrines . It is in 

this field and this position that I find you and my 

other brothers and sisters on that part of the globe. 

All other peoples on the basis of their race, are busy 

trying to organize their true places in this world. Yes, 

the Arab world mobilization, the French intentions to 

reach Canada and other parts of the globe ; the Irish 

reunionization, the Jewish mobilization and Zionism, 

the European and of course the white man's scramble 

for the Space. Where is the Black man's position? 

Merely gaining freedom and independence is not all. 

It must be accompanied with absolute recognition of 

his position and his origin. 

We must organize to unite wherever we may be, for 

it is not until then, that we can regain our pride, our 

12 

LETTERS FROM THE HOMELAND 

rightful position, our destroyed shrines, indeed, our 

heritage. We must organize for absolute freedom to 

move and settle where we elect in our Mother Africa . 

This is what our States must continue to be told now 

and again . 

You on that part of the world can rest assured of 

positive victory in the end, now that you have taken 

the heavy burden on your shoulders to get all with you 

in that land to search for HARAMBEE (Jomo Kenvatta's 

Kenyan motto for togetherness) with their 

brothers and sisters in Mother Africa . You are not 

alone, and you'll never be alone. 

It was because you were not, are not, and will not 

be alone that I took the initiative and had the courage 

to table my motion in our National Assembly, to enable 

all Afro-Americans and the Caribbean Islanders to 

become automatic citizens of Kenya and other States 

of the Organization of African Unity. I maintain this 

is necessary ; I maintain this is inevitable . And I was 

filled with joy when I received hundreds of letters from 

that part of the world by individuals and organizations 

appreciating my efforts . Indeed even the East African 

Students Union wrote me a wonderful note on the 

platter, and I dare say, all those appreciative notes 

meant the opening of new horizons for organizing all 

our peoples here and there to get to understand one 

another more than ever before. 

Get to work together in all spheres more than ever 

before ; get to struggle together to rebuild the destroyed 

shrine . It is my sincere hope that I will be able to 

meet many of them if I can come to America. I should 

like to see and meet the people I have so much affection 

and love for . I should like to meet them in that part 

of the world they were forced to. I should like to meet 

the brothers and sisters I want to see allowed to return 

to their Mother Africa as and when each one of them 

feels the need to do so . 

In the meantime, I send my warm regards to all 

your co-workers, associates, activists, and sympathizers . 

I send them salutations for the most sacred and glorious 

struggle you and them are carrying out. I dare add 

that persistence in struggle means victory . 

And until I hear from you, I remain, 

My dear Mr . Logan, 

In Internaional Brotherhood 

of the Black Peoples, 

MARK W. MWITHAGA, M.P . 

Nakuru Town Constituency 

The delay in acknowledging your letter of 19 June, 

1969 is very much regretted . I was pleased to learn 

for the first time of African American For Friendship 

& Retainment of our Image Culture & Arts. Naturally, 

I welcome the formation of your organization realizing 

the continuing need for black people in Africa and the 

Western world to maintain and intensify our contacts . 

I am therefore pl-ased to know that I have been unani- 

AFRICAN OPINION

AANDATE ADOPTED BY GARVEY 

CONVENTION 

The IIIree dt1v 15111 I nterllational 

('olIveIItIoII . (1f the I i\ 1 .1 c\ AfricoII 

('olmt11lnitie, opened scss10H 

111, die 1' :(rcllt Boils of the \vorld orlllllliztttic111, 

lltMt ('olunobla Avclouc, 

I'IIilaclelIdlia, 1'11 . 41,11 Anellst 2titll 

till-11 :3 .1,4 . 1969 aMid c'l0.0l ill tilt :tt- 

]tloslollere (if calln . There were 11(1 

r:1IIC(Il" 11(1 wr1IIIIII t . , 0V('1' 4lthelal 

posit ioli :1, 11,nal . It 11'as do lfcrela t(1 

cola-loses (1.f other ~ronloill!,:' . . "file 

t(l(1k file form of 11 

tl1( . Africatl Ir :lditi(x1,11 custom ttlld 

closed lsitll "Il :tr;tlnl>(~c', 1111 Afric :111 

slo'au c1t: .,111111i11~r t(,(,et}1er. 

I)ele",tti1'l11, from ( , m-ve,v I)iVi- 

,icllt ; lit till , I - 111tccl tihltcs altcl Ja- 

t1111ic-a, West IIldics ; ali(I reltrescltt :ttives 

from (oilier loc ;I1 or .~ :tlliz :ltio]ls 

(if Africml clescc-ltdellts ,:11 do%v1l 

to-Alter and devised :1,11(1 ]ileat1 . 

to further the "African li(Ylelllptioll 

Pro-l"ttll " as legislated 11v rcpre-entafivcs 

fr(tin the Afrienli .11'orlcl ('(011- 

1111111ities ill previous ( ( ollv('11tic111- . 

Arltolt - 1,111 distili ;"tli .llcd llartici- 

In1l1t . wire : Mr. 11are11s (ion-vv, Jr . 

(1f Kill". ,toll, J :1I11aiva, West 111(lies ; 

1I r. Allist afa IIasliiill . Prv .idellt of 

file Africn11-A111eric :l11 1'cpalriatioll 

Assoriatloll of 1'11ilndelpllia : 111% 

I ;okert I, . l11-(tel . leader (1f the 

I)ctcrn1111atiot1, I'Lell :tration altd Re- 

11 :1tri :tticIt1 ( ' (1IItIlkiItee , ,1f ilif,1r11in . 

IIIvIiIcIItIY, NIr. Ibex-l< \vtls elected 

AS,ist :tlit Sow retarv (wlleral of the 

1'111v+ rsal Africat1 11"oirlcl o n."tlliz :ltio11, 

f(1ultdcd li v file (list in-nislled 

:uld (IC1otmic suit (1f Africa, file late 

Il(o1 . 1krells (iltrvcv ill 1IIl t . All 

Miler officials rvl 1,1 nted to office "with 

the dcd1vafed I , 1csidvI1t-(iclicrA, Kr. 

Tho11tas 11 ' . Ilarve.N . , «olio presided . 

]tlously selected for the tllird l,)l>(ek I'(iwer Award fit . 

I'ollticttl Science. 

()hvionsIv, to 11e -1ven sm-11 :I hig1t 1lcolor is very 

-rtltifvill- tlltlt(nl ;gl1 it also 11-it ;ltvs the r1tind of the 

rrcillic]tt Who lleces,tlrils tlu1st Wonder wllat eolltrilnl- 

1 iou lie lms ltmde 1,(1 cleservv it . A . I 11111st defer to 

y(nlr Vigil se11Ne of lid-11tellt, 1 -l :ldls w-ccllt till .-, 

a11;1nl, llopin". t1lat ill ,0111e \s :1v, lust ( Icarls (111vi0ns 

1,(1 1111 T liti(Lltt Itnvo 1luldo u slio11t colltrlI111tioll to the 

:tdvall(-elllent (1f und( , 1 - ,I :l11d11 I 'll (1,f ollr volllvIolHlral,N 

.itn :ltiosll . 

I %risll t(1 tIt :tuk You, 111c Em ,cltfive and Illonolx'rs (1.f 

~~i1111 , "I"'Alliz .Iti,nl ,for till, verv Ill(olghtf111 :111(1 kllld 

-cstllrc . I hope that . tile 1)1r1(ls llctweell onlr people, 

Ph .3to : :Mr . : rtrslafrl flashim . Precirlent 

of the "Africa -American Rep,"itrialion 

Association ." 

'I'Ite dominati11- 1-"1(c dc ;ilt \sith 

11v 111c assclttlclY the - licl(alriu- 

ti(no I'll[", lwhldarlv k114m - 1t os ill(- 

- Mx Bill 11 N N'11 ;5", s11111nitted to. 

ille ('(,11-rcss (,f tltc 1 , 1111cd titatcs 1>.v 

('( ;llgte 111x11 Ito11erl Nix, :111 Africull 

Allu-ricnt1, (lit 11(-half (1f his coll~titllcltts 

Ili I'11i1a4Icllll1ia . 

The kill call ; upon the escclttise 

:1,11,(1 le-ishttivc kldics to t1l>11r(~lni ;itc " 

tltrcn1-11 lr;~i,lmiwll fnlul ., 1s111Wn 1,l. 

reporation, 1 , 411. :31)11 rears of c(otl- 

I)ukorv fret° laltor au(hservlces un(lc-r 

s111,l :lifer sl ;lvcrv . The fluid . re- 

Inested or denumded will enable the 

( otfspri]i-s (1f the .laves, who voluntarilY 

desire 1,(1 return to file laud of 

111cir fatllers to (ht so without lnlrdallip 

¬111,1 L(rill-. tell elld tc, three celltttric"s 

of :1!,;itallorl, frnstratiou and 

11i.m , coltfrotltaticut . 

The l)ocly 1111 ;111iuionl-dY c11chn-sed 

11w, third effort 1,.o settle this 3110 

vc :lr mlfinished business . (The first 

" 11el1 Dill was tow "Bi111o~ Bill," 1939 

\si111 siz lildholt 1lackers ; the second 

\C :1s the "l .al(ger kill," 1(148 . Both 

f ;iilcd t(1 :m , akcll the American eon- 

.( ie11(-c . ) Never the less, the coloventiont 

c;dl, tllxnl people (If goo(1N+"ill 

1N1 - 1,() 71 " Aist ill this peaceful and 

rcas(n] ;d11e appe :11 to assist ill fnrthcrilt!a 

I11e iltalienahle rig,-lit of self- 

(Icterltti11t1tioll chosen l1Y those who 

(Ic " irc to 1'eltll'll ill Afri("al . 

1'110 11oa1141ate especially calls on 

all org-altizalimts (if Afrietm people 

(people of African Mood and des( 

-( , 11t, ltla(-k people) religious, froler11 

:11, 1)(11111cal vt al to to+tively slipport 

the "Six bill 11 . li . on 

I(cllalf (1f fit(, .( , ewlcerned . 

llr. AI1ircus Garvey, Jr, the prinilril 

sllc aker, like Iii, father bluntly 

Mill directly m(arlled that hhlck pe(} 

I(le :It-( , sons 1111(1 dau-lttel°, of Africa 

It 11d as mill t 11ev 11 :1 vo the same prol1- 

Iv11ls . "fife sollitiolt ((f ilw,c, he eln 

1111t1sizel, 11l11st be 1t.snmed I) v all 

A1'ric,111, _ 1141 (1114 , else . Africans 

abroad umst return to the 4fotller- 

1 :111d Help drive (1111- the eltelnv. And 

" illcc till evidence have Shown that 

ri-,ht :111(1 peaec are ]tilt seelll'el from 

:tllV f(ath1-1'v Iced 4}f vase, \ve lllllst 

I,e prclnred Ill (lie" fill- frccdo111 and 

scvnlriy . 

separated I1hVsicrtlly hilt not .I)ii-itually 11v the Athinlic 

()ce:m, will -rots ,trom ,ur and stron!~(~r 111 lire years 

:tl]c :td . I ltop' 111 .0 tllllt the Fiftll A111l11td Aticarl 

Attollasstlilor's Hall and 11iniker will be a great success . 

11~ (1t11~ regl-rut is float. I shall not 11c there lilt vsically 

lint will I1. . Ivith vo il ill spirit . 11et1mv11ile, I :1111 eolltactill- 

11 frieltd who will :ttlcltd the lull mid Dinner 

and receive the Awanl oil lnY 11e11alf. 

Witll :111 he-t ~sis'lw " . 

Yours fl-ti termtll v, 

I? . 1 ' . Ea,1 t:N-1 - 11(01 

ProP .sur of 1'olilir(11 ScY-lire 

Septe11111er, 1969 ( - nivcrsity (1f I l(adm1, \ i!g,,ria

Note : Following is the new statement of policy announced 

to the people by President Kenneth Kaunda. 

"First o£ all, I want to say to the mining companies 

that I am very disappointed at the virtual lack of 

mining development since Independence . Apart from 

very small developments at Kalengwa and Mimbula 

Fitula and some further development at existing mines, 

we have seen nothing . The companies claim that the 

royalty system has been against new development. 

Nevertheless, I think they have not done enough 

towards further development of the country in which 

they make their great profits . Let me also say that I 

do not agree with the Mining Companies that Royalties 

have been the obstacle to the development of the industry. 

I have been following their accounts and I 

know very well that they could have embarked upon 

further expansion, if they chose to devote part of their 

profits for this purpose. Instead of re-investing they 

have been distributing over eighty per cent of their 

profits every year as dividends." 

Having gone into the matter very thoroughly in my 

capacity as Minister of Mines, I now hold even stronger 

views than I did last year. You are all familiar as to 

how Cecil Rhodes and his clique in the "British South 

Africa Company", at the beginning of the century, 

acquired mineral concessions from our Chiefs. On Independcnee 

we took over the mineral rights which were 

held by the "British South Africa Company" . However, 

in practice this meant nothing except that we 

were able to levy a royalty on the extraction of minerals 

frcm our own soils. 

We found that all areas which were rich in mineral 

deposits were passed on in perpetuity by the "British 

South Company" to the two major Mining Groups - 

the "Anglo-American Corporation" and the "Rhodesian 

Selection Trust" which is now the "Roan Selection 

Trust" . 

Conspiracy Revealed in Operation 

If yon examine a geological map o£ Zambia you will 

find that most of the northern area of the country, the 

Copperbelt and the North-Western Province, is shared 

between these two groups . These groups hold the mining 

rights in perpetuity, i.e . forever and ever . All we 

obtained in Independence was the right to charge a 

royalty on the value of the minerals which were extracted 

from our soils . However, in order to charge 

the royalty we had to wait for the pleasure of the 

Alining Companies to develop a mine. Since they had 

the mining rights in perpetuity they were not particularly 

in a hurry to embark upon further development 

. «as a people's Government, had legally no 

power to force them and no power to take away their 

mining rights and offer them to other groups which 

were willing and able to commence new mining developments 

. 

Regardless of whether we needed development very 

badly we could not safeguard against a possible drop 

14 

ZAMBIA TAKES OVER MINERAL RIGHTS 

in the price of copper and consequent loss of Government 

revenues which would bring a halt to our development 

plans, present and future. We could not 

tell the Mining Companies : you either develop the 

areas which you have or we shall take them away from 

you and give them to somebody else who is willing to 

do so . We could not even tell them we shall take them 

away and develop them ourselves in the interest of the 

Nation . 

The Constitution which was handed down to us by 

our previous "Colonial masters" made sure that we did 

not have this power . 

Clause 18 of the Constitution was inserted for this 

specific purpose . And what is worse, Clause 18 could 

not be repealed by an Act of Parliament but only by 

a B(,ferendum, and in order to win the Referendum 

the Government, as I explained earlier, had to get a 

"ES vote from at least fifty-one per cent of all the 

voters registered on the Voters Roll . 

Now that the Nation has given me the mandate 

through the Referendum, I am able to announce farreaching 

Mining Economic Reforms which will set 

this Nation well and truly on the road to its Economic 

Independence. 

Steps Toward Economic Independence 

In the interest of the Nation and depending on the 

mandate that it gave me on the 17th Time, 1969, I 

hereby proclaim that all rights of ownership or partial 

ownership of Minerals must revert to the State. These 

include : 

The "'North Charterland Concession" which 

covers almost the entire Eastern Province and 

is owned by LONRHO. 

(2) The "Rhodesia Katanga Concessions" around 

the Mkushi area and which is partially owned 

by a British Company called the "Tanganyika 

Concessions". 

The Big Concession which is partially owned 

by the "African Gold and Base Metal Holdings", 

an affiliate of the "Anglo-American 

Corporation" . 

(4) 6 x 10 square mile areas partially owned by 

"Bechuanaland Exploration Company" . 

3 x 10 square mile area which are partially 

owned by the "Kafue Development Company" 

. 

Rhodesia Railway Farms and the Kwimbe 

Farm and Nyamokolo Farms entirely owned 

by the "London Missionary Society" . 

These Concessions gave the holders the right to all 

minerals in the areas . In addition, they gave them the 

right to explore and mine these minerals for their own 

account without even paying Royalty to the State. 

Furthermore, they gave them the right to grant mining 

rights to others and charge a Royalty for their own 

benefit. 

And Not Only That But 

We have been trying since Independence to negotiate 

AFRICAN OPINION

THE LAFAYETTE THEATRE 

RETURNS 

The theatre that held the attention 

of the African Community of Harlem 

during the thirties and mysteriously 

closed down has now returned 

triumphantly as the "New Lafayette 

Theatre" at 138th Street and 7th 

Avenue in New York City . 

With the resumption of pride and 

self-determination believed to have 

been inspired by the Garvey Wave, 

the Community then witnessed independent 

creation of plays with matchless 

acting never seen before in 

America . 

Many of the actors starred in 

"Shuffle Along," "Black Birds," 

"How Come" attracted world attention. 

'1 'o obtain standing space only, 

tickets had to be secured three weeks 

in advance, especially that of "How 

Come," which many reported they 

saw three times. The fans had been 

so numerous that producers from 

other areas shrewdly picked out the 

stars, sandwiched them with their 

own and pulled the fans away, as 

with the case of the "Black Yankees" 

in Harlem . 

Black people are born actors and 

the future of the "New Lafayette 

Theatre" is undoubtedly bright, if 

self dependents and indigenous service 

continue to be the outlook as 

the present show indicated. 

with the holders to purchase back these Concessions in 

the interest of the Nation . We were faced with demands 

amounting to as high as half a million kwacha 

and this only for some of them . 

Example (a) . Litunga's Rights. The Litunga holds 

rights to determine conditions of prospecting licences, 

mining leases, etc ., and to claim Royalty on minerals 

in certain areas . . . I have to terminate these rights 

completely and without compensation . The rights of 

the Litunga should not be different to those of our 

other traditional Rulers . The rights of the Litunga 

are not different to those of the Nation, and I, and my 

Government are the elected custodians of the interests 

of the Nation . The Litunga can rest assured, however, 

that we shall exercise these rights in the best interests 

of the Nation as a whole. 

(b) Exclusive Prospecting Licences. These confer 

the right to prospect for the discovery of minerals in 

specified areas. There are a number of such licences 

in existence, most of them extending up to the end of 


THINGS WORTH NOTING 

KONGO OFFICIALS CALLED 

ON MOSCOW 

Two months ago press reported 

that Justin-Marie Bomboko, Foreign 

Minister of the Kongo (Kinshasa), 

called on Andrei A . Gromyko, Foreign 

Minister of the Soviet Union 

and exchanged views on developing 

greater relation between the two 

countries . 

During the Kongo conflict over 

Neo-colonists battle to retake the 

Kongo, under the watchful eyes of 

U.N . troops, the then manacled Kongo 

Officials were pressured into asking 

the Socialist States to remove 

their Diplomatic Missions . And what 

was most comical of all, in the frantic 

efforts of those with designs on Africa, 

was to request the U. A. R . 

(Egypt), a sister African State to 

leave too, leaving only NATO and 

satelites in charge . 

Not long after a "Lumiunba College 

of Technology" was established 

in Russia, a concrete gesture as 

things stood ; since, when independence 

declared there were only four 

(4) college trained Kongolese in a 

population of sixteen million . 

BLOODY UPRISING 

EMERGING 

The Rev. Dr . Franklin Clark Fry, 

President of the 3,000,000 members 

of the Lutheran Church, sent the 

following message to the "White Society" 

of America in January : "A 

racial emergency of gigantic proportion" 

coming ; "More destructive and 

bloody uprisings that are no longer 

going to be confined to the ghetto 

areas but will be carried into white 

areas" . 

"Unpleasant as it is for me to say 

and for you to hear, the United 

States confronts a time of spiraling 

and spreading violence . . . unless a 

massive improvement of the lot of 

`negro' ghettos (African Communities) 

come quickly ." 

"Frighteningly outspoken African 

Americans are more and more expressing 

their willingness to die, for 

what they believe is right, and not 

unwilling to have others die with 

them." 

The seed of conflict sprouted in 

1619 A.D . on the "Good Ship 

Jesus", watered and now grown to 

the tree of danger . "Helping slum 

residents as proposed is saying to 

those driven into frustration : We are 

not concerned with your hopes, aspirations 

nor your outlook . . . This 

is what we plan for you, an irritating 

gesture, the germ of conflict . 

1970 . I am going to allow these licenses to cover their 

,11111 course but the holders will have to accept the new 

conditions that I shall impose upon them. The most 

important condition is that the State will have the right 

to take up (at least) fifty-one percent of the shares in 

any mine that may be established as a result of a discovery 

of Minerals . 

(c) Special Grants and Mining Locations . These 

are the rights that Cecil Rhodes and his successors, the 

"British South Africa Company", have passed on 

mainly to the two Mining Groups in Zambia to enjoy 

in perpetuity, i.e., forever and ever. 

These Special Grants cover vast areas of the country. 

Some of them have been lying idle, and the holders of 

the Special Grants did not even make an attempt to 

explore in these areas for the existence of Minerals . 

Some of them are in the process of being explored 

now ; others have been explored and Minerals discovered 

. (Continued in next issue)


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