Black Panther Party of Northern California - Freedom Archives
Black Panther Party of Northern California - Freedom Archives Black Panther Party of Northern California - Freedom Archives
,. . "'- "- ~.i~ .'~la~ck~,. ,~ rt~ rsnwa r . . .~~~ hT .a ......, ck panther. . , bla~ ::AIi,AMBE~! ! UMC)JA! ! UHU~'t,Ul i ~Jn1 . I, Na . 8 September, 1967 1211 Scott St . P.O . 1818? S .F.., Cglif. ss :~~ BA T T L E O F D E T R o 2 T . "'::he York Ttme. Jalq X+. 7567 " . .~+' .D CITY:'Waodward Avenae (h~tirS' ~ Is floe 'Ipatween Ar~pagr abd Natione~l Guard'op~kations. s ~_~~ tto~~ge b~awAe eJ F avy ow~4 uck per . . . b1u,Ck ~Ji)' .SJC ` . black ga : e.t~-~~ . . black y, r a,
- Page 2 and 3: .~is-.~~zCA AND WHITE AMERICA : °'
- Page 4 and 5: BLACK POVJERJ Palo 4 T H E , V1 . .
- Page 6 and 7: BLACK POWER : Pa e 6 BLACKS REBEL I
- Page 8 and 9: BLA-CK _POV_dER : Pair:. 8 VnIITE F
- Page 10 and 11: tBh.t~G{ FQVd'ER: Page l0 LACK AMER
- Page 12 and 13: RILIPINOS TCB~; DEVELOP ARMED BASES
- Page 14 and 15: apgromr~,x~ .hixt~-~this is not alw
- Page 16 and 17: BLC:.CK POV~ER : Pale L6 ~.967 . .
- Page 18 and 19: BLACK PO~rER :_ Pa-~e 18 Special Bu
- Page 20 and 21: i i~. . : It is ndt,, ~°~~~ b~.g s
- Page 22 and 23: The News that South African'para-mi
- Page 24 and 25: BLACt~ LGYPT ' . ' ; r Eiy Weusi th
- Page 26 and 27: BLACK WOMAN (COTTA T ,L THE WORLD)
- Page 28 and 29: F;1~'t'S,_RUACFiES, AND RUFUS ' - .
- Page 30 and 31: Oakland, ~alifawnia, Wednesdpq, Apr
- Page 32 and 33: I T;.ACK .PO~~J~,~2 r .aPage 'belie
- Page 34 and 35: BLACK MARKETER --- Continued L3rowu
- Page 36 and 37: BLACK MARK. .;TER - continued Pa e
- Page 38 and 39: DRUM tat investments . And when the
- Page 40 and 41: GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued Laos, Camb
- Page 42 and 43: SOiU%. S IS'~l~'' r r .,r POLYGAMY
- Page 44 and 45: PURNING SPEAR Page . . . . . . . .I
- Page 46 and 47: n ::u'v .t. .' i :, . } . . .l .,C.
- Page 48 and 49: ':) ~. c+ .11rrWl" , . . ,. MMa0.0.
- Page 50 and 51: The story. behind the recent ax- Pe
,. . "'- "- ~.i~ .'~la~ck~,. ,~ rt~ rsnwa r . . .~~~ hT .a ......,<br />
ck panther. . , bla~<br />
::AIi,AMBE~! ! UMC)JA! ! UHU~'t,Ul i<br />
~Jn1 . I, Na . 8 September, 1967 1211 Scott St . P.O . 1818? S .F.., Cglif.<br />
ss :~~ BA T T L E O F D E T R o 2 T<br />
. "'::he York Ttme. Jalq X+. 7567<br />
" . .~+' .D CITY:'Waodward Avenae (h~tirS' ~ Is floe<br />
'Ipatween Ar~pagr abd Natione~l Guard'op~kations.<br />
s ~_~~ tto~~ge b~awAe eJ F avy<br />
ow~4<br />
uck per<br />
.<br />
. . b1u,Ck ~Ji)' .SJC `<br />
. black ga : e.t~-~~<br />
. . black y, r a,
.~is-.~~zCA AND WHITE AMERICA : °' . . .<br />
iT 1~~~~` .. , NAR-TORN CITY<br />
mporary quint, brokan by sporadiw<br />
uu° n duels between white and <strong>Black</strong> fo ;~ccs,<br />
has returned to war-torn Dct°qit<br />
following tho biggest mottle in thij ; lat~st<br />
stage in tho war botwoen whit~.Amorica<br />
and <strong>Black</strong> Amorica .<br />
But, according to <strong>Black</strong> Br
BLt1CK POWER : Page 3<br />
' The height <strong>of</strong> the battle oame'~uvsday<br />
night, July 25, when <strong>Black</strong> . ~forcos drove<br />
National Guardsmen and policy back out<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Udost Sido battle area with deadly<br />
ro<strong>of</strong>top and alleyway fire .<br />
All <strong>of</strong> V~hitey's highly' technical army<br />
,gti;ipmvnt, his troops, tanks, automat ic<br />
?rJeapOT1S, and heavy' artillery were us Bless<br />
against the -liberation fOTCeB' guor~ill~~<br />
tactics`.<br />
Chafes are now being brought forth.<br />
th~~;'`~ National Guardsmen and Detroit pol~oe<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers boat, tortured, and then<br />
~;urdsr d three <strong>Black</strong> Brothors who had<br />
ou~safety from the battle in a Det<br />
motel . This only confirms the<br />
that we are at war with Whitey, and<br />
Beast will use and has used anything<br />
keep from losing .<br />
" T}}e spark that paused this rebellion<br />
~.sn''~ important ; every blood in this<br />
ac~Tr :~LI;:Y Vv'~LCIi<br />
196?. . .YEAR OF ORGANIZATION<br />
country realizes that this trouble began<br />
400 yoars ago when Whitoy ripped us up<br />
from the soul . <strong>of</strong> Mother Africa, and the<br />
only ones who can b© l©golly convicted<br />
for 'tinoiting to riot" are president<br />
Johnson and the other rulers <strong>of</strong> white<br />
Amc3rica who have foreesd <strong>Black</strong> Peaply to<br />
live in those terrible conditions in the<br />
world's richest oountry .<br />
The Battle <strong>of</strong> Detroit sot <strong>of</strong>f a chain<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> rebellions that swept the nation,<br />
causing billions <strong>of</strong> dollars in da<br />
mag© and proving that <strong>Black</strong> People are<br />
not going to sit bank like the Jews<br />
while w© are exterminated or nut~into<br />
concentration camps .<br />
As one Congr©ss white boy said, relations<br />
betwQen <strong>Black</strong> America and white<br />
America will never be the same again .<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Power, Brothors and Sisters!<br />
gonna win! For real!<br />
DOArAL17 J~iTFfC1'.?v<br />
Tho three people (they are definitely not Brothers and Sisters) pietur©d above<br />
are a~,ents working for the Beast against all <strong>Black</strong> People .<br />
'?'I~EY ARE DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR TIC ARRESTS OF OUR 17 BROTHERS AND SISTERS IN<br />
.A1 'YORK LAST JUNE ON FRAMED-UP ASSASSINATION CHARGES (Roy Vlilkins)!<br />
Vdatch out for them! By cool with thcrm :<br />
If you see them, get in contact with this newspaper imanediatelyd<br />
_, . ~ . , .r.. ..., .,.________,.__________.__________<br />
-----<br />
SUPPORT BROTI~R VTNCENT LYNCH<br />
y~r Q
BLACK POVJERJ Palo 4<br />
T H E , V1 . .~i R` O .F THE A M E R I C A S<br />
'fhe long hot surimer is almost over .<br />
V~hat had boon prophasized by practically<br />
avorybody to bo the most violent summer<br />
in recent history . . . .tho summer <strong>of</strong><br />
1967 has spread its B1aek rebellion to<br />
over 30 U.~ . c tios from <strong>California</strong> to<br />
New York at the time ~ <strong>of</strong> this writing,<br />
and ;?romises to sweep the entire noun -<br />
try . .<br />
In Milwaukee, Vlisconsin,~ VThitey cut<br />
his own throat economically when he imposcd<br />
a 24-hour curfew -on the city fo1<br />
Iowing outbreaks <strong>of</strong> violenco botwee;n<br />
<strong>Black</strong> forges and white cops . For one<br />
full day nothing moved within the: city<br />
except white troops and <strong>Black</strong> snipars<br />
who const+~ntly haxassed ,thorn, and alvhough<br />
the violenc© let down there aro<br />
promises <strong>of</strong> more to come . So what will<br />
the ; Beast try nexts a one-week curfaw7<br />
On the East Sido <strong>of</strong> ;Harlem, ;New York,<br />
and in tho Bronx, three thousand Puerto<br />
Ricans {mostly <strong>Black</strong> stormed through<br />
the; stre©ts in New York's worst racial<br />
uprising since 1964 . Sniper fire from<br />
ro<strong>of</strong>tops kept polico pinned down while<br />
liberators secured supplios from .atoms<br />
in 'the area .<br />
Similar incidents occurred in Grand<br />
Rapids, Michigan, Saginaw, ~4ichigan,<br />
Pontiac, Michigan, Wyoming, Michigan,<br />
Flint, Michigan, Cincinnati, Ohio, and<br />
Toledo, Ohio, which ring ; tho war-torn<br />
city <strong>of</strong> Detroit, and kept white nawor<br />
structure <strong>of</strong>ficials in a hurt worrying<br />
vJhether National Guard troops would b©<br />
snroad out too thin in tho-drea . Local<br />
police were helpless in the . uprisings,<br />
o.nd National Guard troops worn hardrresse;d<br />
to fight disapp©aring bloods usin~;<br />
guerrilla tactics .<br />
Lakeland, Florida, Mem phis, Tennessee,<br />
Witchita, Kansas, Catskills, New York,<br />
Rochester, New York, South Band, Indiana,<br />
and Englewood, New Jersey, ware-tho<br />
scone <strong>of</strong> gun duels betty©en <strong>Black</strong>s and<br />
~olie©, and there were reports <strong>of</strong> rock<br />
and -bottle -throwing and -burning by <strong>Black</strong><br />
SUPPORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH :<br />
1967 . . .YEAJ.~ OF ORGANIZFrTION<br />
goings in Phoniex and Tuoson, .~irizona,<br />
Portsmouth, Virginia, Houston, Toxas,<br />
Chicago, Illinois, Wnukogan, Lllinois,<br />
Bridgeport, Conneticut, V~`aterbury, Conneticut,<br />
and Portland, Oregon all in the<br />
same period <strong>of</strong> a woek and a half .<br />
The significance <strong>of</strong> these latest uprisings<br />
is that rather than depending on<br />
rocks and bottles and roving in large<br />
crowds, most bloods are more and more<br />
using hit-and-run, shoot-and-hide guerri11a<br />
tactics . `
BLACK POti~tER : Pogo 5<br />
iVN I~L~W<br />
I am charged with inciting Blacl~: Pco-ple<br />
to commit ~n <strong>of</strong>fense , .by tvay .<strong>of</strong> :protest<br />
against the law, a lave in ,~%rh.ich<br />
neither I nor spy . <strong>of</strong> ,~y people have any<br />
say in preparing. The Iaw age~inst v~.ihich<br />
the protest was direbted ~thi; la~ni ~:a~hich<br />
denies freedom) is the law tivhich c stc;b-lished<br />
this country .<br />
.<br />
I consider myself<br />
neither morally<br />
nor legally<br />
bound to obey the<br />
lavas made by a<br />
body, in which I<br />
ha~re no represent<br />
ttion . That the<br />
w~ll <strong>of</strong> the peop~e<br />
is the basis<br />
q~' the authority<br />
,bf governm.ent, is<br />
principle uni-<br />
~ersally acknowlobed<br />
as sacred<br />
all over the civilized<br />
world and<br />
constitutes the<br />
H . RAP ' BRt~WN -<br />
Rappin' it do~~n<br />
basic foundation<br />
and is l©golly bound by the lavJS braver<br />
ing this country,<br />
It should be equally understandab~.e<br />
that we, as <strong>Black</strong> People, should ads t<br />
the attitude that wo arc neither moral y<br />
nor legally bound to obey laws wh cli<br />
were not made with .our consent and v~hich<br />
°seek to oppress us . Nor can we lie° expected<br />
to have confidence in cou,r'~s the~t<br />
int©rpret and enforce such lavi~s . The<br />
white man makes all the laws, he drags<br />
us before .h.is courts, he accuses us, and<br />
he sits in judgement -o~ror us, : . _: . . . . . . . .<br />
Do not deeeiv© yourselves into believing<br />
that penalties will deter men from<br />
the course that they believe is right .<br />
History shows that penalties do not doter<br />
my people or the colleagues with<br />
whom I ha ve worked .<br />
We stand on thQ eve <strong>of</strong> a ,<strong>Black</strong> Revolur<br />
tion . Masses <strong>of</strong> our people are on the<br />
move, fighting the enemy tit-for-tat,<br />
responding to counter-revolutionary vio-<br />
1967, . .YEi~.R OF ORG.~~IvI1~~TI0N<br />
S SOUL<br />
lance with revolutionary vialcxico, an<br />
eye for an eye, a tooth for t; tooth,
BLACK POWER : Pa e 6<br />
BLACKS REBEL IN EAST PALO .ALTO<br />
Police sicked.dogs on <strong>Black</strong> Sisters<br />
and shot dawn <strong>Black</strong> Brothers in the<br />
street last month, causing bloods to go<br />
on a two-day rampage in East Palo Alto<br />
and sparking the beginning; <strong>of</strong> a "<strong>Black</strong><br />
Patrol" in th e area .<br />
On Saturday night, July 29, a concert<br />
at Nlenlo Atherton High School riven<br />
the Majesties, a local <strong>Black</strong> sinL;ing<br />
group, was broken up by police violence<br />
when a white cop asked a Brother to<br />
leave because "I don't like your attitude<br />
."<br />
After the show, a crowd <strong>of</strong> Brothers<br />
gathered around the two white cons, protesting<br />
the action, and when one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
pops pulled out his pistol he was bombarded<br />
with bottles and ash trays .<br />
Police reinf oreements, which had been<br />
waiting ar®und the corner, were rushed<br />
in, complete with eight to tc3n dogs,<br />
which were immediately sicked on several<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Sis-t-ers . Several <strong>Black</strong> Sist©rs<br />
were pushed to the ground by police, and<br />
one Bla ck Brother, Clarenc e J.enkins , wa s<br />
severely beaten b :;r police .<br />
The ne xt night, a white cop fired<br />
twice into a cravrd <strong>of</strong> young bloods afte;r~<br />
he was hit in the jaw by a brick . Two<br />
Brothers were hit and one <strong>of</strong> them, Ronnie<br />
Hall, was later charged with attempted<br />
murder,<br />
the brick .<br />
even though he did rot throvr<br />
Brothers in the area have formed a<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Corr~nunity Relations Association<br />
and are currently following; police cars<br />
around, making sure they are fair and<br />
honest in their dealings with the <strong>Black</strong><br />
East Palo Alto community .<br />
RACIST NAZI LEADER ASSASSINATED<br />
George Lincoln Rockwell, racist white<br />
leader <strong>of</strong> the American ATazi <strong>Party</strong>, vans<br />
gunned down in a parking lot last vree).t<br />
by "ono <strong>of</strong> his most loyal followers,"<br />
thus ending his 49 years <strong>of</strong> hate-peddling<br />
against Elack People .<br />
Ha -ha -ha ~ha -ha -ha -ha . . .<br />
1967 . . ,YEAR OF ORGANIZATION<br />
BROTHERS TURN ARMY SECRETS OVER TO USSR<br />
Provingthat <strong>Black</strong>: People in all areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> American life, including th© A rmy,<br />
arc; showing their hate <strong>of</strong> ~'Phite Power,<br />
two <strong>Black</strong> U.S . Army sergeants were recently<br />
arrested for "conspiring to turn<br />
over national defense information" to<br />
the Russians .<br />
Sgt . I . C . ITlysses L . Harris and S .<br />
Sgt . Leonard J . Stafford, the Brothers<br />
arrested, have blown the lid <strong>of</strong>f the assumption<br />
that alI <strong>Black</strong> Army personnell,<br />
especially non commissioned <strong>of</strong>ficers,<br />
are completely loyal to the white racist<br />
U.S . government .<br />
There havQ been rumors that a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> soldiers in the U . S . Armed<br />
Forces are getting ready to revolt,<br />
tired <strong>of</strong> fighting T~~Ihitey's wars abroad<br />
while the same Army they are fighting in<br />
murders their mothers and fathers back<br />
hero in the U . S .<br />
;ficum©nt<br />
VtrILL U . S .<br />
Vdhitey<br />
LAVE BE THROVTN AVvAY COMPLETELY?<br />
is getting roaelytochange his<br />
Constitution .<br />
It onl~e takes 34 s~~ates to call f or a<br />
Constitutional Convention, and at this<br />
writing 32 states (including <strong>California</strong><br />
have approved the ca'.Lling .<br />
Since the Constitui~ion is the basis <strong>of</strong><br />
all American lavaanr , changes in the do-~<br />
will mean<br />
tey's law .<br />
vast changes in VJ°hi-<br />
According to<br />
forczign observers, the<br />
U.S . is going througYi its worst domestic<br />
troubles since the Civil Vdar, and in the<br />
future anything can happen .<br />
M . L . KING CALLS FOR TJSE OF ARMY ON BLO©DS<br />
lt~Zartin Luther King Coon has endorsed<br />
the use <strong>of</strong> federal troops to stop <strong>Black</strong><br />
Peopla fighting for our freedom in the<br />
streets (where our freedom was lost,<br />
proving once more that ho has ties with<br />
the white racist power structure .<br />
"There is no question that when a riot<br />
erupts it has to be rialtod," King said .<br />
But when asked if he would go .into a ~caar<br />
zone to help fahitey put down the <strong>Black</strong><br />
rebellion, King said. no, that there was<br />
nothing h© could do .<br />
A . Philip Randolph, Vdhitney Young, and<br />
Roy Vdilkins all made similar statements .
BLACK PEOFLE DO IT TO DEATH IN NEt~ARK<br />
The Battle <strong>of</strong> Newark, X967 :<br />
a . . .<br />
Ranking along with Lost A~rg~s'f~'"`~~965,<br />
Ghica.gc~, 1,966, and 1S©trait, 1967, as the<br />
'bi~Gest confrontations between <strong>Black</strong> Amr~rica<br />
and white U.S . forces, Newark, Now<br />
Jersey, is on© <strong>of</strong> the countless American<br />
cit9.es from San Francisco to Tampa, fror.:<br />
Iu7ew York to San Diego, that has felt the<br />
vdrath <strong>of</strong> 400 years <strong>of</strong> pent-up <strong>Black</strong><br />
cr a.nd frustration .<br />
ang-<br />
In a five-day skirmish in the only rna-<br />
7or U .S . city to have a majority <strong>Black</strong><br />
population (most other U .S . cities will<br />
rc~ch a majority <strong>Black</strong> population by<br />
1975, at the latest , <strong>Black</strong> guerrilla<br />
.f.'i~;hters pinned .down police with snipor<br />
:ire whit© liberation forces searched<br />
~~hite shops for suppli©s .<br />
udhite forces declared "open season on<br />
"_a9.£gers," shooting <strong>Black</strong> women and children<br />
on the streets and even sitting in<br />
thE:ir homes, inflicting 1, 600 injuries,<br />
anci murderix~ un<strong>of</strong>ficially up to 50<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Brothers and Sisters . LeRoi Jones<br />
<strong>Black</strong> poet wh o has b©en in the Bay Aroc<br />
for sores tim©, was picked up <strong>of</strong>f the<br />
streets, beaten by the cops, and later<br />
framed on a concealed weapons charge .<br />
ti'Thite forces also destroyed most <strong>Black</strong><br />
businesses in the area, shooting out the<br />
windows and setting fire to many blood<br />
1967 . . .YEAR OF ORGI~NIZ,,i~TION<br />
LeROI JONES : Beaten, framed<br />
stores with "Soul Brother" written on<br />
them .<br />
However, the final total damage to the<br />
Boast's pocketbook was well otre~ X100<br />
million, and, according to the Brothers<br />
from all ovar the <strong>Black</strong> nation, "You<br />
ain't soon not hing yet, baby ."<br />
(In the next issue <strong>of</strong> BLACK POWERS<br />
an ©xc usive resort on the ewark B ack<br />
Power Conference<br />
.<br />
CARMICHAEL BLOVIS HA RD AT CUBA CONFERENCE<br />
Stoke y Carmichael, former chairman <strong>of</strong><br />
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee,<br />
is curr©ntly in Havana, Cubm,<br />
attending a conference <strong>of</strong> the Latin American<br />
Organization <strong>of</strong> Solidarity .<br />
Prensa Latino, the Cuban press agency,<br />
quoted Cannichael as saying, "we are<br />
preparing groups <strong>of</strong> urban guerrillas for<br />
our defense in the cities . The price <strong>of</strong><br />
these rebellions is a high price that<br />
ono must, pay . This fight is not going<br />
to be a simple street meeting . Tt is<br />
going to be a fight to the death ."<br />
Brother Stokely visited Puerto Rico<br />
earlier this yoar, and he is reported to<br />
be leaving for Hanoi, Democratic Republic<br />
<strong>of</strong> Vietnam, later this week far a<br />
visit.
BLA-CK _POV_dER : Pair:. 8<br />
VnIITE FORCES USE CIiEMIC~.L "MF1CE'' TO HtiLT BLACKS IN NEWT MAVEN<br />
VYhite cops used chemical warfare to<br />
rout angry bloods <strong>of</strong>f oho streets <strong>of</strong> Nova<br />
Haven, Conn., last week, proving that<br />
the enemy is moving toward the complete<br />
use <strong>of</strong> gas on <strong>Black</strong> ~3meric~ns .<br />
"A.Zace," a chemical which "blinds th~°<br />
eyes and causes the victim to lose hi~~<br />
will to resist," was used to a. id fhit ,~<br />
in the arrest <strong>of</strong> 200 Brothers and Sis-<br />
BUCK REBELLIONS RO CK THE BAY AREA<br />
In the s ame period that s aw B12. ck Lib-~<br />
e;rats.on Forces and l~Thitoy's troops battle;<br />
in Detroit and irz cities from coast<br />
to coast, Calif ornia, particulttrly the<br />
Buy l~rea, was also hit .<br />
Tn San Francisco, <strong>Black</strong> youths tossed<br />
fire bombs in th© Mayfair Superma .rl~et at<br />
Geary and Vfebster in the Fillmore District,<br />
and police sealed <strong>of</strong>f a 30 -square<br />
block section <strong>of</strong> the district after the<br />
bloods broke out most <strong>of</strong> the store windows<br />
up and down the street . Ono Brother<br />
waa shot by a <strong>Black</strong> Tom clerk at the<br />
Mayfair Supf;~rmarket, and the windowsmashing<br />
and looting spread to the nearby<br />
Htiight-Ashbury District and as far .a-v^gay<br />
as Market Street . -<br />
The scone was about the same at Oakland's<br />
85th Avenue and E . loth St . on<br />
the East Side, scer_e <strong>of</strong> similar rock, ,and y.'<br />
battle throwing incidents since lust October<br />
.<br />
There were repeated gun duels betty©en<br />
>>olice and <strong>Black</strong> Lib©ration Forces in<br />
i~J:arin City, and molotov cocktails wore<br />
t;.'lrown at white stores and white police .<br />
And in Sacramento, Uncle Tom Assemblyrian<br />
ti"J'illie Brohan was booed down by a<br />
crov+ad <strong>of</strong> bloods in the Oak Park section<br />
<strong>of</strong> town when he tried to talk them into<br />
leaving the streets .<br />
"Go home and have a drink with your<br />
white boss," one Brother shouted .<br />
Bloods tossed gasoline bombs and bet -<br />
tles in. the state capitol .<br />
1967 . . .YEAR OF ORGAPTIZt~TTON<br />
ters on charges ranging from "inciting<br />
to riot" to "curfew violation."<br />
This complet©ly throws out any claims<br />
by the enemy that he is too humane to<br />
use gas on <strong>Black</strong> Peopl© . V'~Chitey dons<br />
not consid er us to be human, and we can<br />
expect him to break out more damagi ng<br />
cheriicais in the future .<br />
Got toge~the r, BrothE: rs 1<br />
U,iHTTEY BREAKS THE TREATY OF 1863 :<br />
SFiOSHONE INDIAN ILLEGALLY SENTENCED<br />
A Shoshone Indian, legally exempt from<br />
the LT . S . draft becaus e <strong>of</strong> a treaty VJ'hitey<br />
signed with his people in 1863, was<br />
illegally sentenced by the Beast to 5<br />
years<br />
serve<br />
nam ."<br />
at hard labor for refus ing to<br />
in the "tivhite man`s war in Viet-<br />
Richard D . Vuilliams, the sole support<br />
<strong>of</strong> his aged mother and crippled father,<br />
was ora.ginally tricked into submitting<br />
to, induction by draft board members and<br />
a white "Indian agent;," who told him<br />
t'zat if he went in he wou ld s eon get a<br />
hardship dis charge .<br />
' 1 The draft board doc;sn't take the sons<br />
<strong>of</strong> rich (white farmers and ranchers,"<br />
s'Villiams said in court . "Just dumb Indnns<br />
like me ."<br />
Rolling Thunder, who r©presented more<br />
than 6000 Nevada Shoshones in his testimony,<br />
charged that the 1863 Tr©aty <strong>of</strong><br />
Ruby Valley was only on© <strong>of</strong> 300 the<br />
Beast made and later broke with the ori~<br />
ginal and legal owners <strong>of</strong> America .<br />
"That treaty, gentlemen, was written<br />
1 .~!i~h the blood <strong>of</strong> our p©ogle," Rolling<br />
Thunder rapped . "The Indians came unarrriod<br />
. . . .the soldiers had riflcs . . . .they<br />
killed an Indian and .put him in an iron<br />
poto . .>cooked him . . .made the other Indians<br />
eat hasn."<br />
This is only morn ;?ro<strong>of</strong> that Vdhitey<br />
cares nothing for anyone but t'uhitey, even<br />
if he must break his awn laws to do<br />
vo .
BLA CK PONDER: Pa e 9<br />
13,P,C . CALLS FO<br />
Far full many a decade the <strong>Black</strong> race<br />
~~1 America has suffered the failure <strong>of</strong><br />
the ATegro college . Sueh institutions<br />
?zavc: swept potentia 1 the on sts f rom the<br />
<strong>Black</strong> community and converted them into<br />
ste'.ri le; lackeys for an oppressive and<br />
~~~orally decadent society . As <strong>of</strong> now,<br />
the situation shotivs no signs ( udging<br />
i"rar, a number <strong>of</strong> studies, statistics,<br />
rd systematic observation) <strong>of</strong> mending<br />
itself, and irxi eod appears to grow vJOrse<br />
each hour <strong>of</strong> the day .<br />
Vte;, the members <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> Power<br />
Commit -~se, stand opposed to that pathetl.c<br />
¬and skifataeless trend . Our aims rare :<br />
(1) the overthrow <strong>of</strong> the Negro college<br />
~~aith white innards and (2) to raise in<br />
-it4, place a militant <strong>Black</strong> University<br />
vahich will counteract the whitewashing<br />
<strong>Black</strong> students nrnro receive in 'Negro"<br />
and vtirhite institutions . Vde are working<br />
to bring the <strong>Black</strong> college and the <strong>Black</strong><br />
aamrnunity toga~ther as one in ra common<br />
~~nd invincible army to fight our common<br />
en emy .<br />
'vJc, (<strong>Black</strong> students, Blaelc pr<strong>of</strong>essors,<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Vlomen, and <strong>Black</strong> pr ison.ors <strong>of</strong> the<br />
t,lzetta) represent a variety <strong>of</strong> "social"<br />
groups bound together by a common devot7.on<br />
to <strong>Black</strong> Justice and <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Freedom</strong> .<br />
1`TC-,~v~r, so long as we breathe, will we<br />
buckle under in the struggle to mold the<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Unity heret<strong>of</strong>ore disrupted by this<br />
vuhite trickery and deception . Our model<br />
.s South Carolina State College (in<br />
~.rangeburg) which recently struck in<br />
craves, although they suffered a news<br />
` TV~ahiteout °' by the free white pr©ss <strong>of</strong><br />
rnerioa .<br />
u"de must unite or peris h.: ~ ~N~ - ax"o ~ca ll:ing,<br />
therefore, fox- two nationwide canf'~renc<br />
es . One s~ to .being together rev-<br />
~~lutianary <strong>Black</strong> stud©nts and Broth~rs~,<br />
f'rc~n <strong>Black</strong> cop~munities acr9s,s,- the land .<br />
^1%'~1'lE:~ other ,~~rill shape ~ .and cement a new<br />
la:irit <strong>of</strong> corn, unity, and rev_olut .icr-w<br />
n_r ry. .-t}~ou~ht and inqui~y-~n ~t'h©~ part <strong>of</strong><br />
. .. ? ~i'cl~ pr<strong>of</strong>essors in "Negro" ,and white<br />
colleges and universities .<br />
1967 . . .YE~liR OF ORGANI~la.TTON<br />
~ a~acK u!v~<br />
Although most <strong>of</strong> the specifics <strong>of</strong> our<br />
program will'~be developed at those cone<br />
ferences, our goals revolve around the<br />
complete revamping <strong>of</strong> the "Negro" co? .lego<br />
. This includes a purge <strong>of</strong> the:<br />
brainwashing faotories navy called liby"aries,<br />
where students read second--hand<br />
Shakespeare and learn little or nothing<br />
<strong>of</strong> merit and rehevanco to the <strong>Black</strong><br />
Man's predicam©nt . Moreover, the must:<br />
Yiave a complete overhauling <strong>of</strong> the present<br />
curricula and the building <strong>of</strong> courses<br />
<strong>of</strong> study more pertinent to the prcsent<br />
and future demands <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong><br />
struggle in America and the world . Swahili,<br />
for example, a major African long-~<br />
ua ge, should be compulsory paw . At the<br />
same time, it is nee©ssary to launch a<br />
vigorous campaign to change the names <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Black</strong> universities to commemorate the<br />
courage and deeds <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> thinkers and<br />
theorists paw dead rather than white imperialists<br />
and their <strong>Black</strong> Toms . A move<br />
is elready underway at Lincoln University<br />
(Pa .) to switch the name to Fredrick<br />
Douglas University . V1'e applaud the initiativ©<br />
shown by these stud ents and def-<br />
(Continued on~next Page)
tBh.t~G{ FQVd'ER: Page l0<br />
LACK AMERICA SPEAKS<br />
35~ pcr copy<br />
244 Exit 46tt+ Street<br />
:+law Yank, SLY., 14017<br />
JPt~saee enroll me as a epb-<br />
~criber tor.<br />
raame-.-._.~__w_______<br />
Adroae___<br />
~tty__. ..,.. .... .-,_ ., .State- ..<br />
~1~ Coda..-.-......., ._._.....» -<br />
X'oysreent er~elaared<br />
[iiJl me Inter<br />
rnF,nd tYmt Howard University (after Olivc~r.<br />
Otis Howard, late white general in<br />
~hc U .S . army) become Garvey University<br />
or Tux~nor University .<br />
Stand opposed to the present situaio,z<br />
~..n which <strong>Black</strong> students and potent}il<br />
students are drafted and murdered<br />
~.r~. Vietnam for a freedom they do not<br />
have in. Choir own land . V;'e believe that<br />
tlxc; servic© <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> Men in U.S . war efforts<br />
stratchin~; back to the Revolutionc,ry<br />
VT~xr proves that our military particj;ipation<br />
will have zio baring on the<br />
?3rospc;ets for <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Freedom</strong> and Justice<br />
i~~1 America . Therefor©, we call for a<br />
solidified effort to bring <strong>Black</strong> troops<br />
b~~ackhome . Bring <strong>Black</strong> troops back<br />
home . America is the <strong>Black</strong> Man's true<br />
bv:kttleground . It is both futile and 1udicrous<br />
for <strong>Black</strong> Men to kill, defend,<br />
c~z~zd ~.ie in Vietnam and leave behind<br />
thc;ir women and ehildron to fend for<br />
Themselves . This seems merely ono mor©<br />
B~.ack genocidal ©ffort on the part <strong>of</strong><br />
I7 : S . society in which <strong>Black</strong> Vdomen will<br />
> <strong>Black</strong> V~oman's rage in the fac© <strong>of</strong><br />
t.;tiZ:is oppression grows stronger with each<br />
okay . ~ <strong>Black</strong> 'i'lomen across the country<br />
have formed <strong>Black</strong> V'Tomen Enraged organiz-<br />
1967 . . .YF~AR OF ORGANIZI~TION<br />
ations . .not only to protest, but also to<br />
halt this heinous situation . The <strong>Black</strong><br />
Power Committee, in conjunction with<br />
these B1aCk Sisters, Cs recruiting other<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Women, especially the wives c:>.nd<br />
mothers <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> Men now soldiors in Vi-~<br />
etnam. These Sisters will be picketing,<br />
waging write-in campaigns, purging "beauty'~<br />
shops, and generally working to<br />
bring about a <strong>Black</strong> awareness that 1~mF~r-ica<br />
is the <strong>Black</strong> Man's battleground .<br />
And, b©cause America is the <strong>Black</strong> Maxi's<br />
true battleground, floe <strong>Black</strong> race Tnus',<br />
rally around Muhammad Ali and other Bro<br />
thess lik© him to protest their dra'.E't<br />
notices .<br />
The prim° movers for this sti~u~ ~;xe<br />
will consist <strong>of</strong> Blacl~ students, Ba,ack .<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essors, <strong>Black</strong> Vdomen, and the <strong>Black</strong><br />
community . We call for the abolition ci:.<br />
ROTC on <strong>Black</strong> college campuses . VTe r~oa~M<br />
ist the further removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> s - t;ud<br />
opts by means <strong>of</strong> tests standardi?ed u~~<br />
the privileged white students and -theirr<br />
"m©an" scores . tiYe seek rather to ha :~~c.<br />
the present invasion on the par :: o{:<br />
white students and teachers who take al':.<br />
seats and salaries which might go tc:<br />
<strong>Black</strong> students and teachers unable t ;~<br />
meet tuition and quota demands <strong>of</strong> wrz :~te<br />
colleges .<br />
Vde will not retreat From our struggle,.<br />
come what may, and wf ; will strive, by<br />
any means availabl©, to bring freedom<br />
and justice to the <strong>Black</strong> race or give to<br />
a cruel and racist white America,.the de~-struction<br />
it deserves .<br />
SUPPORT BROTHER VINCFNT LYNCH°<br />
Two weeks ago, Brother Vincent Lyncrz .,<br />
a Revolutionary <strong>Black</strong> Nationalist v~ha<br />
has worked for <strong>Black</strong> Power in the Bay Area<br />
for several years and whose ~ :,~a~.h . : :.,<br />
was tYze West Coast coordinator c~f the<br />
Marcus Garvey Movement back in the 20's~<br />
wss "set-up' t<br />
by the white racist powc ~<br />
structure <strong>of</strong> White Amor~ica .<br />
In order to fight the trumped-u~ charges<br />
<strong>of</strong> his case, Bro' Lynch needs finr:~n-~<br />
cial as well as physical support . For<br />
further information, write to the '~TIN~<br />
CENT LYNCH DEFEPJSE FUND, P . O . 1097, Bor-~<br />
keley, Calif ., 94701 .<br />
Let's make <strong>Black</strong> Power work°
BLt=~CT.~~ POV ~rER : Page 11 -<br />
1967 . . .YEER OF ORGANIZ1iTION<br />
Vlhere are the warriors, the young men?<br />
VVho guards the women's quarters -- the burnt-hair©d<br />
nuomer_'s quarters -_<br />
~ar~3 hears their broken sobbing in the night?<br />
V~Ihere are the warriors, the young men?<br />
1Nho guards the women's quarters?<br />
EARTH<br />
(f or Mrs . Mary Bethune and the<br />
African and AfricanAmerican woman)<br />
(by Roland Snellings, from SO'JLBOOK 2)<br />
To endur© . To remain, like the red earth, strong and fecUndant .<br />
Your conpery,~ chocolate, ebony warm-skin scoured . . .and toughened<br />
by the grid wind .<br />
. -The wrinkles'in your eyes, your smile, your frowning foreheads<br />
arc ~he Stars within your Crown, my women .<br />
Cares come and go ; dreams fade away ; sons are lost<br />
on lonely battlefields . . .s©vexed by Nordic Meataxe .<br />
Men are broken . . .babble . . .lift their bloody genitals<br />
upon the tainted altar <strong>of</strong> the Snow Queen<br />
Her frigid, sterile smile is a tribute to the vengeance <strong>of</strong> her Caesars .<br />
V'~heru, than, is Spartacus, is Attila, is Hannibal?<br />
V+Iho thunders, now, upon those Seven Hills?<br />
They are gone . . .and . . .only you r©main!<br />
You whose j~Jomb has warmed the European hills and made the Pal© Snows tawny .<br />
Pagan Spain, sunny France, Italy and the fabled Grecian Tsles<br />
are drenched by the Sunlight <strong>of</strong> your sm ile :<br />
D~other <strong>of</strong> the V~Forld!<br />
Fecundant, Beating H©art!<br />
Enduring Earth!<br />
O nl~r you r©main .'!<br />
SUPPORT MRS . VINCENT LYNCH<br />
AND F,~MILY
RILIPINOS TCB~; DEVELOP ARMED BASES<br />
ThePhigl .~pino People's Liberation Ar -<br />
riy (PLA~ has boon carrying out a policy<br />
<strong>of</strong> developing base areas to work from as<br />
well as engaging in armed struggle, according<br />
to a Manila report ., They now<br />
come out more <strong>of</strong>ten than before on raiding<br />
missions in support <strong>of</strong> the peasants'<br />
struggle against local tyrants and their<br />
~~ccamplices .<br />
In the ten days from June 3 to June l2<br />
the liberation fighters made threes raids<br />
in Central Luzon, killing six landlords<br />
who had been accused <strong>of</strong> misty©sting peasants<br />
. A r:anila press -report said that<br />
nn the evening o;~ June 6, three PLA men<br />
went into the house <strong>of</strong> ono <strong>of</strong> these land<br />
oti~mers in P.nnptznga : Pro4incp, ~,arrpsted<br />
him, tried and convicted him on the spot<br />
<strong>of</strong> mistreating peasants, and then shot<br />
him: to d oath .<br />
Another report said that two PLA men<br />
had ambush©d five special agents <strong>of</strong> the<br />
first military district <strong>of</strong> security forces<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Philli~pine government, killing<br />
four <strong>of</strong> them and heavily wounding another,<br />
before they thrms©Ives safely<br />
returned to their base .<br />
The Philla.pin® paper "Daily Mirror"<br />
disclosed that in the first four months<br />
<strong>of</strong> this year the PLA had supported the<br />
peasants' s~rug~le by killing; -l$ tyrant<br />
landlords . Last year it had done away<br />
with 73 landlords, and has definitely<br />
vaon the warm support <strong>of</strong> the broad masses<br />
<strong>of</strong> ,the poor peasants . ,<br />
SUPPORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH :<br />
1967 . . .YE1`1R OF ORGANIZATION<br />
GUERRILLA FIGHTERS T1~KE HOLD IN ECUAhOR<br />
QUITO, EGUADOR . . .Tho daily, E1 Coniercio,"<br />
has affirmed that in spite <strong>of</strong> denials<br />
by the Ecuador goverrnnent, guerrilla<br />
groups do exist in the Guayllamb<br />
zone, Pichincha provinc© . The publics°°<br />
Lion confirmed that groups <strong>of</strong> revolutionaries<br />
are naw operating in the San Lorenzo<br />
jungle and that they are using mo~°<br />
for boats to move from one place to ano~m<br />
then across the Esmer¬~lda river . On the;<br />
other hand, the goverrsrnent minis tar,<br />
Bcsnjamin Teran, again denied the ex~ .s°°<br />
tenco <strong>of</strong> these guerrillas . Ain't tI-.-~t,<br />
cold?<br />
ARAB LAV~YERS' FEDERATION CONDEb2NS CHUG?{<br />
CAIRO, UAR. . .The Arab Lawyers' fedcra ;- -<br />
tion recently issued a statement cond~r -<br />
ning US imperialism for manipulating tr~c<br />
United Nations to serve its policies o :<br />
aggression.. The statement commented rn<br />
the UN's failure to adopt a resolution<br />
denouncing the US-British-Israeli a~;ros<br />
sion against drab countries or to ordea<br />
. .It<br />
the aggr©s`~~~s "t'~' ~r ~Tidrs~r:<br />
~ :,~ ~c.<br />
that the failure <strong>of</strong> the UN clearly shared<br />
that world imperialism headed by the<br />
US continued to excereise control over<br />
this nternati-onal body to serve Chuck'<br />
poJ..icy , ,<strong>of</strong>. aggression, sti.~1e the a.nde-. .<br />
pende'nce and freedom <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> peoples,<br />
and to strike at the liberation anovements<br />
in the Third World .<br />
MOZAMBIQUE BROTHERS "G ;ET VVHITEY"<br />
D,AR ES SALl~~M, TANZANIA . . . . T~Iozambique<br />
guerrillas launched 16 attacks and ambu-~<br />
sties against the portuguese colonialist<br />
troops in Ca.bo Delgado province from April<br />
24 to June 6, killing l66 portuguesEs<br />
soldiers and wounding many others, according<br />
to a communique recently published<br />
by the Mozambique freedom fighters .<br />
The communique also said that our Bro-~<br />
th~rs in Mozambique. destroyed five enemy<br />
vehicles and sabotaged a number <strong>of</strong><br />
controlled by the enemy.<br />
roAds<br />
BLA-CK POUJER :
!~F'UM :<br />
TH F<br />
c3LACKEST<br />
PANTHER<br />
"It can. the~ :~tlse be said that pal3tics<br />
is war without bloodshed while war is<br />
politics with bloodshed."<br />
__~~~f ~~ ~~~~~<br />
--MaA Tse~tung<br />
Selected. g Militax~<br />
Writ Page 227)<br />
'fod~+, y , self-defense as a system and as a ~°~;ality has been liquidated by the march <strong>of</strong> events<br />
.<br />
Calambia with its zones <strong>of</strong> peasant self -defense, and Bolivia with its zones <strong>of</strong> worker<br />
self-ciefens©, constituted the --two countries in which this conception acquired the strength<br />
<strong>of</strong> a line " These two "nuclei <strong>of</strong> subversion" woe©, within a few months <strong>of</strong> each other, li-<br />
:p , id "ated by the army : Marquetalia, in southern Colombia, occupied in May <strong>of</strong> 1964, and the:<br />
:~o1iv~.a,n mines invaded in May and September <strong>of</strong> 1965, after tragic battles . This double<br />
dc:fr;ati signifies the end <strong>of</strong> an epoch and attests to tho death <strong>of</strong> a certain ideology . It<br />
i,~ necossary that the revolutionary movement should once and for all accept this demis© .<br />
'fht end <strong>of</strong> an epoch, the epoch <strong>of</strong> relative class equilibrium . The beginning <strong>of</strong> another,<br />
thrt <strong>of</strong> total class warfare, excluding ca~.npromis©s solutions and shared power .<br />
In view <strong>of</strong> the present polarizatian <strong>of</strong> exploited and exploiters in a necolonial country,<br />
the fact that a por'fion <strong>of</strong> territory can exist in which the army and the state cannot<br />
proceed "to the normal oxc©rcis© <strong>of</strong> their functions," is more than tho new imperialist le<br />
gality can tolerate but at the same time not onough to endanger it . The failure <strong>of</strong> n~.~frd<br />
,~e :~ .f "~defense <strong>of</strong> the masses corresponds on the :n= litary lavr:~l to tho ~fai7,uro <strong>of</strong>_ r<strong>of</strong>orrii :,m<br />
o~~ the political level . In the new context <strong>of</strong> struggle to the death, there is no plat©<br />
for spurious solutions, no plat© for the pursuit <strong>of</strong> an equilibrium betweon oligarchic and<br />
popular f orcos through tacit non-aggrossian pacts . Oligarchical dictatorships pose the<br />
alternative <strong>of</strong> beginning to dsstroy them on bloc or <strong>of</strong> aceopting them en bloc : there is no<br />
middle wcay . Besides, self-defense is discredited today ; its owrr former supporters hAVb<br />
made <strong>of</strong> it the beginning <strong>of</strong> higher f orms <strong>of</strong> struggle . But bewareI It tends to appear a~air.<br />
in more seductive forms, though naturally without revealing its name . It tends to ro<br />
apgromr~,x~ .hixt~-~this is not always correct . In fact, i~t is rar case . o would que-<br />
sti.on the heroism '<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> Peop~.e <strong>of</strong> Monroe, Pdorth a, fighting ' ag~inst the KKK<br />
and the whit© racist police? And the courage<br />
ess in battle <strong>of</strong> the Ca~ombian peati<br />
ants, who were the principal victims o ~t terri~le ten-year civil war is~ which more<br />
than 100,000 <strong>of</strong> them fell? Who .,zu deny that the sacrifice and~olidArity <strong>of</strong>f' the Paris<br />
workers during the 'tJun~, .'d~ ~and the Commune are mr~t again in 1952 i.n the .40,000 miners<br />
and industrial wo~r <strong>of</strong> La Paz, the heroes <strong>of</strong> the first American workers' revolution?<br />
6<br />
~"'"~<br />
Self-d,~f~nse does not suffer from a lack <strong>of</strong> boldness among its promoters . Quite to the<br />
con~~i~y, it frequently suffers from a pr<strong>of</strong>usion <strong>of</strong> admirable sacrifices, <strong>of</strong> wasted heroism<br />
leading nowhere . . .that is, leadin; anywhere ©xcept to the conquest <strong>of</strong> politica l power .<br />
It is therefore better to speak <strong>of</strong> armed spontaneity . Its very ideological origin reveals<br />
to us the^ epoch in in~hich it was born : prior 'to P~arx . The Indian upriaing led by Tupac Am<br />
aru II in Pexu at the end <strong>of</strong> the eightec,nth centur~_vc; -~ra1.1,..-~a-ve- been called self-defense<br />
. Th© Indians rose up, by the terls ot~ thousands,, drove out the criollo landowners,<br />
killed the Spaniards on the spot, and recovered the land stolen from them by the eneomien<br />
,da system . The movement, however, was quickly dissipated in local vicstories ; themans,<br />
a~s they approved the coast, occupied thca lands and remained in the mountains : no more or<br />
.r __
,c"t, ~!?OyyER .~ Page 15 _ . 1967 . . . YEAR OF ORGANI7as~y :~,N<br />
. . . ~°4:~;ular army, no independent shock troops . The insurgents, masters <strong>of</strong> the coiaY~t-~~;~" "<br />
:-;,:~.c~~°, disdained to march on Lima.,. . seat <strong>of</strong> the Vice Royalty. This gave Lima time ';o r w<br />
;;, ~:~up un army ; and reconquest was achieved without difficulty, under what conditiatl ;: ono<br />
r :; ,v:. 7~c ; 11 imagine . The uprising <strong>of</strong> the C.ornuneros <strong>of</strong> Colombia, led by the famous Tt~zanue ;la<br />
~:; : ."..~":a~;r~, in roughly the same epoch, could also bo call©d self-"defense .<br />
~u ;t as economism denies the vanguard role <strong>of</strong> the party, self-defense denies the ra .e <strong>of</strong><br />
':, le; c, ;;n :.d unit, which is orUanically separate; from the civilian population» Just tas x^~, g"~~<br />
o .~rr~i.,5rn ai.rrts' to constitute a mass party without selection <strong>of</strong> its militants or dis ;;_~. ;~ .ii::Ac; ;:<br />
;n:ization, self-def©nee aspires to inte rate everyone into the armed struggle, *o<br />
mass guerrilla. force with women, chiJ.dren, and domestic animals in the rnids~la cJf - sac<br />
c : ,-, , i ~C ; .;r c o lumn .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
~~ :,st N.s spontaneity does not aspire to political power for the exploited and con~~eaue~:a-<br />
~t, ~ d~:~~ ":~ n.ot organize itself into a political party, self-defense does not aim at r-fii,itc:t~;,<br />
"u,:~r~:~macy for the exploiaed and consequently does not aspire to organize itself e~s a pop ,<br />
'.a :. - x~~,gul~~,r army with its own mobility and initiative . It may be said that there ~ :~ s~: i}''~<br />
d~ ;r:e~;iso vrherever ta stratq~;ic :.mob9 .lE~ f~,:its<br />
dictatorship <strong>of</strong> violence ; it maintaira<br />
popular pressure" rather t ::an '`run-~<br />
<strong>of</strong> the ruling class, promoting divisolutions<br />
as viotories .
BLC:.CK POV~ER : Pale L6 ~.967 . . .YF.~~.R OF ORGANIZt1TI0N<br />
Che Cxuevara writes, in his preface to .Giap's V'1ar <strong>of</strong> the<br />
People--., hr~y <strong>of</strong> the People s<br />
~~~~~£-defense is nothing More than a small part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
ole, with special characteristics . It is never possi-<br />
~, b1~ to concej.~re <strong>of</strong> a self-d <strong>of</strong>ense zone as complete in itself,,_<br />
~ :e . as a r©gion where the popular forces attempt<br />
.~,---to~defend themselves against enemy attack, while the entire<br />
zone beyond remains free <strong>of</strong> disturbances . In such a<br />
case, the foco would be localized, cornered, and defoatQd, unless there occurred an immediFte<br />
passage to the first phase <strong>of</strong> the people's war, in other we>rds, to guerrilla warfare<br />
. "<br />
Some t9xne after Che wrote this, "the peasant zone <strong>of</strong> self-~daf©nse'T <strong>of</strong> Marquetalia, Co-"<br />
lombia, and the othQr "independent republics °' were occupied and dissolved by the enemy,<br />
and Marulanda had to return t~o mobile ~ue.rrilla warfare . A self-~defens© zone when it is<br />
neither the r©suit <strong>of</strong> a total or partial military defeat <strong>of</strong> enemy forces, nor protected by<br />
a guerrilla front constantly on the <strong>of</strong>fensive, is no morn than a colossus with feet <strong>of</strong><br />
clay . Its collapse deals a blow to the morale <strong>of</strong> the popular forces all the morn serious<br />
and unexpected because this type <strong>of</strong> status quo appears to be unalterable ; a euphoric myth~~<br />
elegy develops and envelops the reality <strong>of</strong> these zones . Since they may last for ,year=s, it<br />
is for,~~otten that they are the fruit <strong>of</strong> a tacit compromise, not <strong>of</strong> a real victory ; and<br />
'-hey come to be considered impregr~rable . Vigilance is lulled ; more and more it is for otten<br />
+e put the militias to the test, t o supervise training and armament ; discipline is relaxed<br />
. On the revolutionary side these territories, presumably liberat©d, are converted<br />
into a simple object <strong>of</strong> political propaganda---alibis for inaction anther than invitations<br />
tc~ greater action . On the side <strong>of</strong> reaction, they provide ready-~mr~de justification for po~<br />
sing fi.s guardians <strong>of</strong> national unity and territorial integrity threatened by this canceroa,~<br />
growth, and for attacking the communist "separatists ." For propaganda reasons, the boor°geoisie<br />
little by little inf laces the real danger and the fear 'it feels, an inflation<br />
which can deceive the revolutionaries thEmselves, eventually ; persuading them that the<br />
guerrilla fore© is really a cancer, and that time alone will finish <strong>of</strong>f the patien~: .<br />
Thus, the "subsiding <strong>of</strong> th© swelling," whop the army passes over to the attack after long<br />
preparations made at its Leisure, will have a major effect : a greai; victory for the bour-~<br />
geoisie, a great defeat for the revolutionaries .<br />
--Reprinted from Revolution in the Revolution by Regis Debray<br />
MONTHLY REVIEW -- July ~iugust, 1967<br />
Hey, Baby, Have you checked out the now issue <strong>of</strong> SOULBOOK?<br />
SOULBOOK ~'=6 Contents<br />
BLACKNESS, THAT'S INHERE IT'S AT . . . . . . . . . . . .Editor~.al<br />
SCIENCE IN THE SERVICE OF REVOLUTION . . . . . . .Mohammed Cherif<br />
RACISM IN FRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Frantz Fanon<br />
A "GHETTO" PJIASCULINITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .> . . . . . .James Ponder<br />
LOVE ME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ernie Allen<br />
THE NATION OF ISLF~r, AN ESTIb~IATE . . . > . . . . . . . Harry H'.aywood<br />
TfIE PROBLEMS F1":CII~ BL~Fi CK .AMERI CA . . . . . . . . . . . Cedrio Littl©<br />
THE V~tORLD IS A BLfiCK P~~1DT+S hAND (Part 2) . . .Viiillie Green<br />
Poetry by Carol Freeman, LeRoi Jones, Sonia Sanchez, Major Carter<br />
VJright, H V7infield Tavesti . V~Tilliam R Lamppa, K ti~Tilliam<br />
Kgositsile, and Bobb Hamilton<br />
75¢ per copy Dig on us at your nearest bookstand, or write<br />
P.O . Box 1097, Berkeley, Calif ., 94701<br />
~ $ORT BROTHER VINCENT LYNCH ANI~ HIS FAMily<br />
MONEY T0 : VINCENT LYNCH DEFENSE FUND<br />
p .o " box log7<br />
Berkeley, calif . 9+701<br />
make checks payable to Vincent Lynch
~:~s.+t'aC~ ~Yv~.Re Pa~e 1~.<br />
B M .<br />
..: L,E ...<br />
A S<br />
C S<br />
K I.<br />
~~11 <strong>of</strong> the religious m©ssiahs who prer~;ded<br />
Jesus <strong>of</strong> Nazareth were <strong>Black</strong> . In<br />
r~rrci .snt days, the messiahs in India,<br />
t;}~lina, Japan ; and Egypt were portrayed<br />
t:s having <strong>Black</strong> skin, wooly hair, thick<br />
mauth ;a, and flat noses . These messiahs<br />
x:11 livc;d over l, 000 years before Jesus<br />
Chra.s -t, and led lives which closely peru1<br />
:~11ed his . X11 had virgin births, ten<br />
c isci lcs, and performed miracles . They<br />
:= ~ r ~o ;11 crucifa:ed at the a e <strong>of</strong> 33 and<br />
ros© from the dead on the third day to<br />
dh:scend into something equivalent to hea<br />
vcsn .<br />
:I :L one part '<strong>of</strong> India, this <strong>Black</strong> messiah<br />
~c~rns eaile~. Ics Cktz^istna ~(~:hristna<br />
r1E ins "the <strong>Black</strong> One` s ) . The similarity<br />
bet~~~ec;n the nape "Christna" and "Christ"<br />
1~:~ds on© to believe that Christ may<br />
ha ve been dcr~.ved from Christna . (This<br />
also implies that ..Jeesus Christ .was a<br />
Bla ck r~:aan . )<br />
In cnot<br />
r<br />
r ;part <strong>of</strong> India ; the <strong>Black</strong><br />
messiah U~ -eallod Buddha . Another name<br />
e.1sc u~ad for Buddha was Sut-Meshi,<br />
which ~s the name for the B,Ls,ek .African<br />
fro~r~~ancient DTubia .<br />
Buddha is clearay portrayed with <strong>Black</strong><br />
skin, wooly hair, thick lips, and a flat<br />
r.oN~; . He was foretold by prophets and<br />
was nre;riaturely wise in his youth .<br />
~~`~hethcr called Christna or Buddha,<br />
this Indian messiah, led the same life .<br />
Ies Christna even dined with his ten discw<br />
1us'at his last supper . At his crur,<br />
fix3.on, th~'~ :c,rth shook and the sun er<br />
1 .J,. ~~ J Fid . .<br />
' I :A'~Jca.pran, : .thcs Hl~ack mossiah was called<br />
zca :?~rra also, but in :China, he~was called<br />
L a o--t e or I~a o-kuin . Both the Japane s e<br />
and the Chinese Buddhas w©re portrayed'<br />
r~s having vvooly hair .<br />
H<br />
S<br />
1967 . . .YEAR OF ORG.~~NI7.ATION<br />
Quitzacoall, ancient <strong>Black</strong> HQexican messiah,<br />
fasted 40 days and was tempted by<br />
tho evil one (naturally, he resisted),<br />
but he came 700 years after Christ .<br />
In Ef, ;,rpt, (1350 BC or earlier) the messiah<br />
was called Osiris, god <strong>of</strong> the Nile .<br />
Osiris was part <strong>of</strong> a divine trinitiy consisting<br />
<strong>of</strong> Isis (mother) Larus child)<br />
and Osiris (father) . Osiris a1,so had<br />
ten disciples and rose from the dead .<br />
All three are portrayed as ha ving'typical<br />
'in©groid`s f©atures, hair, and dolor .<br />
It is interesting to note that th©<br />
Jews were pol heists (believ©d in morn<br />
than one god until th©y wore enslaved<br />
in Egypt, whore they first began to believe<br />
in one god .<br />
In sll oases, the beginnings <strong>of</strong> civilizations<br />
and religions began with <strong>Black</strong><br />
People .
BLACK PO~rER :_ Pa-~e 18<br />
Special Bulletins<br />
ROTHERS BREAK OUT GUERRILLA ~.'dt,P~FARE<br />
IN ZIMBABV~tE ; EYE TOWARDS SOUTH AFRICA<br />
BULAV'1AY0, ZIlQBA . . .African .N~tiona~<br />
ist f orces have exploded into guerrilla<br />
warfare against the white racist "Jove:rnment"<br />
<strong>of</strong> Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) in the<br />
second largest city in the country, and<br />
according to inf ormed sources tha ~rethors<br />
are pushing to move across the<br />
border to bring the fi ht to the Uni>n<br />
<strong>of</strong> South Africa as well .<br />
This is the most~out <strong>of</strong> sight thing to<br />
s<br />
hapircn in the ll2oth©r Country, which had<br />
saemed tb be sliding backvuards in the<br />
struggle since ''Kwame Nkrur.7ah, lende r <strong>of</strong><br />
Ghana, was kicked out <strong>of</strong> his country by<br />
ra CIA coup .<br />
The heavy fighting in Bulawayo marked<br />
the first t m© white troops had boon<br />
killed in action in Zimbabwe since the<br />
d;urn <strong>of</strong> the e©ntury, when they first bcan<br />
their bloody, racist conquest <strong>of</strong><br />
cur African Brothers .<br />
The vuhito Rhodesian government and the<br />
racist vrhite government <strong>of</strong> the Uniaia. <strong>of</strong><br />
South Africa rare the strongholds <strong>of</strong> th©<br />
Boast's racist exploitation <strong>of</strong> Africa,<br />
and when the Brothers defeat them, you<br />
)snow we'll have the set uptight .<br />
SUPPORT<br />
BROTHER<br />
1967 . . .YEAR O.F O~tGANIZQTION<br />
MAURITAPTI1iN PRESIDENT DECLfi.RES<br />
~iN~I-I ~.RIALIST POLICY<br />
PEKING, CHINA . . .Ma~uritanian prosiden't<br />
Moktar Ould Daddah d©elared .last w©ek<br />
that the policy <strong>of</strong> h :is country is essentially<br />
based on th© atrugglo against i~-<br />
1~erialism and nee-colonialism, according<br />
t~~ a r©port from Noufikehett . Referring<br />
to the construction <strong>of</strong> his country, Brother<br />
Daddah said that all Mauritanians<br />
"should mainly rely on their own efforts<br />
. This must apply not only to social<br />
and econorzic dvv~elopment, but also<br />
to all other fields .<br />
Say Bro,<br />
If you dug on BLACK POVdER: for ono issue,<br />
you knovu: you can dig on it' for one year .<br />
BLACK POtirfER : is one <strong>of</strong> the few newspapers<br />
in the United States tivhich gives you <strong>Black</strong><br />
People's (our) sid o to the news . BLACK PO-<br />
VJER : is one <strong>of</strong> the few newspape rs which is<br />
uxrafx"aid to uncover the shit tvhitQ racist<br />
America has been doing to us and is coatinuing<br />
to do to us daily, th©n present. it to<br />
<strong>Black</strong> People so vv© can plainly see it .<br />
Can you dig -BLACK POWER : ?<br />
Subscription Blank<br />
Name _<br />
Address<br />
Phone<br />
Check one : :<br />
6 months (enclosed X1 .50)<br />
1 yoar (enclosed X2 .75)<br />
VINCENT<br />
LYNCH
In the early mo~r~ing hoots <strong>of</strong> Octob~t :28, 19 .67`,, Brother Huffy<br />
P, Newton, .Defense Minister <strong>of</strong> the .Shack ,Panthex ,<strong>Party</strong> for Self- ;<br />
..Defens$, was shat and wounded while defe~dirtg, .hxmself against .two<br />
v~hite pig-cops ..from -the Oakland Police .Da~pattiment ::- ' . .<br />
U,st~ally, incidertt~ <strong>of</strong> ~t~~a hype, invt~lWi,nq ~] ack ~!eop~e and<br />
~g~s end .in . the shooting to death <strong>of</strong> Bla+ck'~1~eopl~ a~~id , the whitecrashing<br />
~af~ the ca~a by the ~aeist masw media . This tia:e ~ ~i~wer~er j<br />
~~ was one <strong>of</strong> the. .punk cops :who gent himaexfki].led,~ and now the<br />
~~.ach,Man,'Nuey Newton, ~s being cha~rged wi''th "murder" by the same<br />
ho~nki~ .s who send the cops to get us in the first phacs~ .<br />
Q'W<br />
~:CJ.K pv .r<br />
.,,. bl~~k po ~,,~,~r ~<br />
. . b1s.Ck it's rvti .s.<br />
Brothers and Sisters; I3~oth+er - #u~l t~~~ds our support' : <strong>Black</strong><br />
reople cannot allow a kangaroo court run by, our oppressors to set<br />
itself up as our :~u~e, . The only thing <strong>of</strong> which Brother Nuey can<br />
be'found guilty is that o~f being a Buck Maneerhsiaw2d by ,a white<br />
racist soca.ety, <strong>of</strong> be ng,a <strong>Black</strong> ;Man 'who defanded himself against<br />
the white oppressor who daily shoots our peo~ale-down in the fixthy<br />
streets <strong>of</strong> .xacist North America, <strong>of</strong> being a <strong>Black</strong> Man who-refused .,<br />
to allow himself .to .be,ha~assed any longer'-by the`Bea~t . No, Brotiter<br />
Nuey is not guilty : , -It i.s, ; ,zacist . white ~ ~na~er"ica ~ which must<br />
take the blame for . the loss <strong>of</strong> Sts-pig-,co~+s, for`it is this saws<br />
punk-nation , which sent. .them t;o oppress us . No, not Brother Huef ,<br />
but Lynchon Beast Johnson ,and: his cbwbny government are xespansible .<br />
Brothers and Sisters :, GET IT TUGETHA : Tomorrow, the next<br />
day, ox e~ren next week, . IT CO~~I,,D BS YOU . . The date <strong>of</strong> Bxother Huey's<br />
"tr'ial's-is :Ianuaxy ll, 1968 . Mare informatien.on the place :will<br />
be given later, P~.an ;to be there try -support Brother Nuey in our<br />
fight for Justice and National Liberation . . LIMOJA UMdJA L7(~IOJA ~3MOJA<br />
Forma Allen, Ga-Cha3rnaan <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> <strong>Party</strong> rf ~Irrxthern EaYifornia
i i~. . :<br />
It is ndt,, ~°~~~ b~.g secret `t2 at ,7 m~Qrow . ~~,.; i<br />
. .,, ,, ,. ; .<br />
r..-Did ,<br />
the rf~J.xas~~<br />
g ve ~ :yxl, ri ha elease'<br />
also wears'~,f~bn ~orm . espec a.Ik ~ is 'the' gyp, L~.ecaus~e h~ . was t21Z ng ~it~ ]. kE ~it<br />
U, S . Navy:: . . This . time,' thou~ejh,~~ aF,'b,~C~i-'~ ~ ~`, in his~~s;~atement : they chlfged him,<br />
then put tike finger ow h, ~? and; the t~ni~er ~~ military. la'W ' with bei~n~ disreguilty<br />
beast ,is str. ,king back, But bxo-"' spectful o th~~^~c+~~lmand :'ng bf~ic~r a~~~ ,<br />
thers and s stexs .~r.~ helping . win his to the F~esidet~t . '-',Then,' w~eri Lynn<br />
w . . .<br />
fighr, ~ r,pass~~.'' 'out '~- c:~pies <strong>of</strong> a xiewspapex<br />
. .<br />
He is ~.~dward ~ Lynn, a corpsman ~at the, ~ article describing " his case t~egr<br />
Naval Hospital in San Dieso, Califgx~nia . charged him furthe~x wi h spreading- c'.zs-<br />
Brother Lynn had theguts to pxotes~ lo~alty'among the troops .<br />
discrimination against Afro .:AmQricans, These are the cha~ges,Brother Lynn<br />
and Mexican-Americans worki~r~g ; . ~t : . :~ . .:the : . nqw ~~aces . ',:~furthQrtn~a~;e,-he has rec~~~?<br />
hospital . "~5~ders fb ~ +go ' to Vietnam . Tt's ~~.'~a~r<br />
On August 7, 167, Lynn, and thirty-.six :, the Nauy wares to destroy Brother Lynn .<br />
other brothers P lEd an <strong>of</strong>fic a.~ . ~exotest,, ~~ut. the btoahe,~s , and . axsters~ in San D~iw<br />
8ach <strong>of</strong> these brothers had.suffexed i,n-<br />
j ust ices--they wexe, . ;. dena,ed . : promotion<br />
assigned infexrior . ..-hQU~ing,, i~ad.:theix<br />
leaves cancelled, . etc etc .<br />
tdow, what did'the Navy, brass dq .about . ;<br />
this <strong>of</strong>ficial p~atest'? Did they i'rivestigate<br />
the charges .~:ike xeasopable men<br />
and try to remedy t~xe : , . saaua~Cion? ~ No .<br />
Instead, they ,, thre~~r~ned : some ,<strong>of</strong>f they San Diego<br />
brothers . They' said if.ak~ese ;bzothexs ;~<br />
did not take the~~x names <strong>of</strong>i~ tl~e : cam- . - , .. ..,<br />
plaint they would either, coui"~,-martial . ~~.MBRRIT f~iST J ~, TO OFFL~I~ Ai~~.~"}-them<br />
or send them to Vietxaam- " 22~ <strong>of</strong> . ~ : ,AMER ICAN .AA DEGRSE<br />
the dead and wGunded on~r.the . : .u .~ :, . :5ide . ; ; .,<br />
are black . The '~!bxass" .~~askea~; Lynn .to ~
additional courses in music, physical<br />
education, health-education, anthropology,<br />
literature, African l;ar~guage, and<br />
sociology may be <strong>of</strong>fered in-the futuxe .<br />
The new Afro-American degree has been<br />
under study for segeral years, and has<br />
been . fs~xmxLLxy requested , by a group <strong>of</strong><br />
Afro-American students on Merritt campus,<br />
and supported by sotn~ <strong>of</strong> the Afro-<br />
American organizatipns in the community.<br />
The content <strong>of</strong> the t~~`wci3Yriculum'"was<br />
recommended: by a committee . <strong>of</strong> students,<br />
faculty, and administration after a<br />
study <strong>of</strong> suggestions from members <strong>of</strong><br />
the faculty, students and the community<br />
The committee recommended that the A .A .<br />
degree be established as soon as possible<br />
.<br />
.~ .. """ -" + Ri~aso,,Ci p and Mail tai ..^:<br />
Nuey P . N~~ton<br />
~.o . $ox s~ao<br />
Emeryvi~lr $ronch<br />
~'~IiS~ F11n~<br />
opkiand, Catifomia<br />
None<br />
aiddrissm<br />
- +~ l=7t ~~ ._`___._.. ....--<br />
A 1rl~dgs '~ -----..-.".._ _~ ._ . . _~_~__.<br />
~ne0os~d You 1Avf X11 !~ ~<br />
BAY AREA BLACK ARTIST RENOUNCES<br />
(Toronto, Canada) On December T, 167<br />
Muslim poet-playwright Nazzam A1 Sud n<br />
(P4arvin X . Jackmon) renounced his Uniterr.<br />
States citizenship A, member <strong>of</strong> the P"Ta-ti~n<br />
<strong>of</strong> Islam, Brother Nazzam maj~~red n'<br />
English Lxferature and' creative {writing<br />
a,~ San Francisco Stan~ college until ~i~<br />
has draft~ .d in June, 196' . At that time ;<br />
he dropped out <strong>of</strong> college and co-founded'-<br />
(along with playwright Ed Bullins and Ac--~<br />
tor, Hillery X . Broadous) <strong>Black</strong> Arts West<br />
Theater, San Francisco . The theater<br />
produced his two one-act plays "F"lovu~~s'<br />
for the Trashman°' and °'Come Next Summex °° :'<br />
Earlier this year, Brother Nazzam worked<br />
with poet-playwright Leroi Jones on ;:1<br />
communa;cat.ions project in the <strong>Black</strong> c' ~~ i=' '<br />
munity <strong>of</strong> San Francisco, sponsore~~ b~ :',.zE<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Students U.n. :ior~ . <strong>of</strong> San .~rar.c;isc ~ '<br />
State CoJLlege . I~iis, writings ` lza :je~,<br />
geared in 81~ck Dialogue, Soul .'3colc,'<br />
hammad Speaks, and the Journal <strong>of</strong> F31a .~' .<br />
Poetry . He is a contributi~~g .ec?.ito<br />
the .journal <strong>of</strong> B:Lack Poetry . ~ w<br />
tion <strong>of</strong> his poems appear under thc~: t :<br />
"Sudan RajuLi Samia or <strong>Black</strong> PQan ~ _ _~ .<br />
aran: a co-1lec~ion <strong>of</strong> his though~e~ o : .<br />
tional Libexation "<strong>Black</strong> Dialectics'°, ~~.<br />
The following is the full s'ta~eznc'=~ ~<br />
Tdazzam Al' Sudan presente~~ to ti~i2' '.J . '~~~<br />
Cori~ul : °°I renounce my so-called ~inericari<br />
citizenship because the LTnite~ S~"a'tes<br />
o%? .t~merica N" has att3Qmpted by ac~ioRz al~d.<br />
inaction o depriv"` me and my brothQrs<br />
and sist~'rs ; the 3 'to . ~b mi1J~~ion ~ogalled<br />
Ne~.grocs, be~t~s~~r~ kngwn as Asia~ic<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Peoples, <strong>of</strong> life, liberty, and. the<br />
pursuit <strong>of</strong>'happines ."
The News that South African'para-military<br />
.,'"orces were going to 't`Y e aid <strong>of</strong><br />
Ytahi.te- Rhodesians coincided last month<br />
with ~n announcement from'the Oxganiaa- rillas .<br />
.<br />
milita :~ ;r committee to 'aid African freedom-figh~~;ers<br />
.<br />
The committee was the ciutcome <strong>of</strong> a remarkab~.~r<br />
effective meeting <strong>of</strong> the OAU -<br />
effective despite grim auguries,<br />
In the l8 months since the last confer~nce<br />
in Addis Ababa, fratricide<br />
spread through Nigeria, the~Arab member<br />
states were clobbered. by , tion <strong>of</strong> African Unity"setting up a new<br />
Israel and<br />
cubits racism reimained bouyant' in the<br />
sout~x ., And, set against the wretched<br />
backdrop :<strong>of</strong> the Congo, ,the extra vagant<br />
ho~~~.~itality <strong>of</strong> President Mabuto only ad-<br />
~i .6}&~,<br />
to the gloom .<br />
Yet, against all the odds, this fourth<br />
assem~aly <strong>of</strong> the Organisation <strong>of</strong> African<br />
Unity wias sober, workmanlike and .effec~,<br />
~tive . Most encouraging ,<strong>of</strong> a;ll, perhaps,<br />
the relegates decisively reaffirmed<br />
~3~eir support. . for the armed struggle:agairis~<br />
Smith, `Jorster and aalazar .<br />
Ax"rican National Congress representati~zu<br />
in London Joe 'Matthews was a member<br />
<strong>of</strong> the joint AI~tC-ZAPU delegation to Kins~:~asa<br />
. We asked him ror his impxessions<br />
.<br />
Y°A zaost important step forward was the<br />
decision to create a committee <strong>of</strong> military<br />
nen to co-ordinate aid for the<br />
armed struggle in the south", he said,<br />
Broadly, the OAU decided to set up a 17nation<br />
commission <strong>of</strong> military experts as<br />
an adjunct to the existing Liberation<br />
~RCa&<br />
Committee .- It is expected that senior<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers will oversee the supply <strong>of</strong> arms,<br />
funds, and military advisors to the gue-<br />
Pxess reports from Kinshasa also sug-<br />
Best that combat troops may eventually<br />
be made available by stronger member<br />
states like Ethiopia,'Algeria, and Egypt .<br />
tdews <strong>of</strong> African guterillas battling<br />
with Rhodesia and South African troops<br />
hardened. support behind the liberation<br />
movements . But Jbe' Matthews, wha also<br />
visited Zambia on his African trip, denies<br />
suggestions that the joint command.<br />
<strong>of</strong> ANC-ZAPU sent in "sacrificial" forces<br />
to capture the headlines at a crucial<br />
moment,<br />
' "Our forces have been infiltrating<br />
over a long period," said Joe Matthews,<br />
"The band engaged in heavy fighting<br />
had in fact, been active in the area Aor<br />
many weeks befoxe Smith heard <strong>of</strong> them .<br />
This contradicts Smith's claims <strong>of</strong> an<br />
all-seeing security service ."
d~~~zng<br />
in `for<br />
s~.~ug~le .<br />
a larig merciless<br />
r'y~4have<br />
embarke~d~on the armed. stru_<br />
gh~ . .not-out <strong>of</strong> chtiic~l', Mathews said,<br />
'Pbu,t through f©rce <strong>of</strong> circumstances, Now<br />
that it is unt3ex<br />
right through,"<br />
way, we wiY~. pursue it<br />
Mathews stresses that de,Velopments~''<br />
will not be dramatic that the gue~i7las<br />
will, not,be seeking out,pitche'd battles .)<br />
Inflwenced,,perhap~ by, their discussions<br />
with Che Guevaxa in ~?ar-Es Salaam i<br />
1965, the irl~ ltratoxs axe apt present<br />
seen .a~ ''`~;rmed prppaganc~ s~s`! in the Cur<br />
~aan mo7~:d .<br />
<strong>Black</strong> ~rarrior~ wave into . . ~ pd~~.~~-<strong>of</strong>f' to r.~mbu~h<br />
T~hoele~3.an anc~ :}oath A~'r~,e,~. , ha?~ky ~:rp~~~ .<br />
~Y~e action. t©olL p3.ace in; n b.des3.a" wl~ict~<br />
wh.an it is a^s~al~ by,~~~k~ ~, S~:a4~ rnan ~- i~.~.,<br />
b~ cal~.ed' Z3.mbab'w's ~.s oux an.a~~~ors ~a~.led<br />
3.t .<br />
1i
BLACt~ LGYPT ' .<br />
' ; r Eiy Weusi<br />
the-anci-en~t civilization <strong>of</strong>'EgYPt was<br />
started, c3;e~reloped, and spread; by black<br />
peap.l.e or . ~r cans . Almost - all ~gygtologists<br />
.awe forced to admit that Fsgy~pt<br />
was . a .: ~oduct <strong>of</strong> he African' sciil,~ .~~d ,<br />
~ha,~ : ' ~<br />
.<br />
~<br />
.' '~Tthough outsiders had s~iri.e in17.u .»~<br />
ence, the influences were nothing that,<br />
cQU1d be considezed basic .<br />
The ;dynastic :Egyptians came from the<br />
south .~vha:ch was cal :ed Nub a and Cush in<br />
ancient days . The general concensus is<br />
that the dynastic pharoahs came . . from<br />
cuhat is now called Somalia or Ethi-o~aia .<br />
$thiopi2, hezsel:f stated that she gave Egypt<br />
its laws, customs, and cultuxe~ and<br />
that Egypt was but :,~ . colony <strong>of</strong> Ethiopia .<br />
' The first dynasty <strong>of</strong> Egypt was foamed'<br />
when, NorYnex <strong>of</strong> the youth conquex+~d the<br />
nortbern,sectar, thus uniting the two E-<br />
~~~. ~1PPer (South ) and Lower (North? .<br />
Ethiopian influet~e.,cage into Egypt in<br />
the secax~d dynafty' aTid thus began the er~,<br />
<strong>of</strong> suberb ~~rt and architecture, By<br />
the ; fourth dynasty the pro~,j,fic black<br />
~xcl~~.-feet, ~cienti~t, doctor ~k~d`~phi~.osaphe~r<br />
~mh~?teg~ had pexfected t~~~~pyramids<br />
ahd Egypt~:an ~~rchitecture in ~e'n~xaf .<br />
The fix~t C x dynasty prod~aed almost<br />
~~1~ basi~_. ;s~;tr.~e'tuxe <strong>of</strong> Egyptian citrili-<br />
-~-zati~n . ~ Jl1f, ,f , that, Egypt? az~ culture<br />
~sixowc~d th~~~ =jreatest resurgeri~e when a<br />
f}~~w- , :,~l~~fa.~r~-<strong>of</strong>f black blood reentered the<br />
b~oxdc~s ~an'd~ bodies ,<strong>of</strong> Egypt' . Tt - can aa_<br />
lily jlpe shown that Egyptian culture suff~xes~"imost<br />
when - foreign '' xn~.ur~nc~~, ,,<br />
gaineXt~ any ground . -<br />
~~o, er~ae was black E9YP~,, fiat whe~i,,,<br />
~at ~t~mes <strong>of</strong> weakness she was;, . conquEre~i,by r'<br />
'~~a~e~.-9n Powers, the "canquerers"' Twere Yn,<br />
~urri conquered by Egyptian Gttlt~~`e ; ~i~d, . . ;<br />
~t' best, fitt,~d their own ickva5 to ,suit ,-,3<br />
those <strong>of</strong> Egypt ,`<br />
; . ;<br />
' Egypt in :'~-ts ; three hunda~ed years e<br />
d~~ apment pr'adu the fund~m~ntals or'~<br />
ax+~li t~cture, mec~~,c `ne, geomet~'yj, mathe-~<br />
modes a~i~ ;ol~e~iistry .<br />
,,<br />
She pzoduced the<br />
, ~ '' ,<br />
sy5t:em <strong>of</strong> .;'gods .Latex made - famou ' ,, :,,~ ;by!, l<br />
Greece (ac:tually, these ides came fr-'om , -;<br />
Ethiopia ahd reach.gd the woY1~k through<br />
Egypt . } . The other cnnt ibut on <strong>of</strong> thi,s,r<br />
ver le black c~,;~ili~atign are too numerotz~s'<br />
to attempt . to enumcrafe . Tn a word,<br />
~3lack Egyp produced all ` <strong>of</strong> the essez~-, .<br />
tials Rf what is now called civ lizat~~.ot2, ;<br />
Ndugu zangu ; wamekufaa wa~tsh, : . ;<br />
(long five our'anceSto<br />
Bi~ck I~Wio~u .~<br />
OLACK :M~C~AZINE fiir bLrAC:K, ['T QPL .F :<br />
Esdays<br />
Po'~try<br />
~'Plnys<br />
~i~~ ;~ ~~t<br />
Articles<br />
Rrviev+'e<br />
5Qt . ,Per cop ; ,<br />
$i,,g', perkyear<br />
sr..~cFC Dz~:~ct~~<br />
642 L~FSUna S,t . '<br />
Sarz Franc8lr,pr Ca11.f~<br />
~31~~~C II~I~ICJ~k;I~
We take thi`s~time ~':to pay our respects<br />
to Che ~i~evara~ and'his untimely death .<br />
May he now transcend the transitory .<br />
The exploits <strong>of</strong> "Che" are generally<br />
well known amongst <strong>Black</strong> militants in<br />
the U . S . ; howevex, it is rare that we<br />
Look at his shortcomings and to pay due<br />
respect to this implacable enemy <strong>of</strong> American<br />
beast-imperialism, We must at all<br />
costs bestow our honesty upon his image .<br />
One thing is for sure, the events zt~ Bolivia<br />
are shrouded with great mystery<br />
and serious error in the part <strong>of</strong> socalled<br />
xevolutionaries (i, e, Regis Debr<br />
ay ) .<br />
We can't help from recalling the editorial<br />
in SOULBOOK 6 which stated<br />
frankly that "revolutionaries- :3n~- the<br />
West Indies, South and Central America,<br />
should stop their reliance on Fidel's<br />
speeches and start reading Fanon's<br />
books :"<br />
Robert Williams put forth months ago,<br />
an even more ominous warning that we<br />
feel should be taken into consideration<br />
when analysing why Che was assasinateds<br />
"If the Western press is correct in<br />
xeporting that "Che" Guevara is in Bolivia<br />
. . ,he had better get the hell out<br />
<strong>of</strong> there as fast as possible . If the<br />
Cuban intelligence knows where he is,<br />
so does the C.I.A., . ., .Cuba's contribution<br />
to world revolution will be<br />
grossly restricted until its G-2 (Cuban<br />
intelligence is purged <strong>of</strong> its C.I.A.<br />
Tro-ian Horses ."<br />
At any rate, we feel ~if the twc<br />
suggestions had been taken seriously <strong>of</strong><br />
an earlier state, Che Guevarav would<br />
still be dealing death blgws at mperialism<br />
instead <strong>of</strong> imperialism dealing a'<br />
death blow at him_<br />
Wherever you are, Clie ~- :ir untimely<br />
loss will be avenged, r
BLACK WOMAN (COTTA T ,L THE WORLD)<br />
Laved, Laved knows Z go a black woman<br />
The prettiest woman y u' d want to see<br />
With her natural hai that she loves to wear<br />
My bl ack woman moans , , he worlu to me<br />
Got to tell the world"'bout my black woman<br />
She's sweet as home-cooked yams in any'ki'nd <strong>of</strong> weather<br />
With her African smile that she shows all the wh~l'e<br />
I can hardly keep myself together ~ " .<br />
Oh black woman<br />
Yeah, black woman<br />
Youx most tender Iips that I lwe to kiss<br />
Who'd think that love could ever be like this? yeah<br />
Laved, Laved knows 'bout my black woman<br />
UJith a love as warm as fxesh taffy<br />
Got to tell the world that my heart's in a whirl<br />
I'll never, .never forget what she's done for me<br />
Oh black woman<br />
Yeah, black woman<br />
~,ka,,~ur~t~aGa~ .IItlarlt.~.o~c .<br />
1308 MASONIC AVE . #4<br />
"AN FRANCISCO, CA.94117
B.ATS_ROACHES - .AND RUFUS (~r~lriwrrr~i)<br />
`Sweaty andvseamy, spread, .out in .crisscross<br />
concrete pattexns as far as the<br />
eye"'could see .on all horizons . Forests<br />
<strong>of</strong> ' swiayirrgr red . brick and brownstone<br />
flungw'up towards the vacant blue sky<br />
from tYte~ .~ open ; junky plains . Here and<br />
tMex2, ` tie qu~a~t~aes~ <strong>of</strong> a wild animal<br />
split the quietness <strong>of</strong> the morning aid<br />
The Jungle . Eold : And cruel, And Unt~nable,<br />
Little White Rambci stood on the edge<br />
<strong>of</strong> tre hill and tigln.tened his hold on<br />
his 1~ittle blue knapsack .<br />
~'Oh gee," he-said his voice quiveri~<br />
, g a Tittle . Every morning it was the<br />
same .thing ; : Bvery~morning,it looked a<br />
l t~4s~:~ ::~noxG ;fr c~htening . Every morning<br />
ire th~o!ac~ht; would be, his last . Wipiing<br />
the dust fxom his sweaty mink bxow, he<br />
; .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
~'s~a:xtec~: ;:dowa .~the<br />
:' °F;t3;^~tsv~i'T~RiZ : : ; ' °<br />
path into,,the Jungle . . .<br />
"~.ittle - ;~~nite . Rambo : ; reco.?led in lior-<br />
`ro. . as' aw . .fer.ocious <strong>Black</strong>, <strong>Panther</strong>, ,<br />
: : .nJ ~ ,.- ~-,~ ~~ '.ra. c~ ^ked t~ one side <strong>of</strong><br />
his pu`cert leather do, ,leaped from be<br />
~:-1aird :::a : ~c~c:-xcre'~e ryes i:x~ front Qf . him. He<br />
,<br />
~iC4ae~:cd~ . iii .'s ; ~lxttle blue knaps~~k .clos-<br />
~r vo d:i .s little pink chest .<br />
"A1 ?ri~~at, , motherfueker :'° the <strong>Black</strong><br />
--Pa. :ztH~.~ x .<br />
r~xow7 ed, , kicking , the dust at<br />
Lit~;ls~ t~Jizite~ iZ:ambo wit1~ his Stacy-Adams<br />
shoe : .<br />
;grim :: on`<br />
"Dig, man, you trying to run a<br />
us,y ain't you? Every goddamn<br />
-- morn :~xc~ , yut~ 'arine~s your ass through the<br />
juri9lc3 .' carrying that . .goddamn blue<br />
~ .' :knd~~4ct> whiz .you . ; TJow tell me,~ mother-<br />
; fucrcer, w~:ai~: Vin; . :<br />
; the hell is in that<br />
knapsack?'~ ~ . . ,<br />
Hands shaking, , Little :tr~t~ite.~Rambo<br />
pushed: ., tYz~- l:~.tt~.~ . .~blue: knapsack .,at the<br />
°°C3h,,, ., s.ir, ,° she .-s.tut.tered . "Nothing<br />
., .mue:?.io r ,7.~j~ .jtist, : ~a .;little ;rn~oney 1 ,, was<br />
bxia3.n:inch to my ;grandmother in the cas-<br />
: : t?.e at the ..other .end .,<strong>of</strong>~ : tYi;e J-,?u'nig],e' : ,'°<br />
~° tI}E B1acTc <strong>Panther</strong> ~ `roared .<br />
f?Fw . ~~`° G ;:,~'nbacks? Dust? Mother-<br />
: .~uc~. ~a . r ~ wear ,cranny don't need nothing<br />
-rbp,~~ rs-ana,:,- :r s stznky finger . ~xand th2~t<br />
pluck ovr~_ he re : °'<br />
Little bVhite Pamho drew~'a fat xoll <strong>of</strong><br />
bills out .~zo~ h~.s little blue knapsack<br />
and handed ;it to ;,the'B1~dk <strong>Panther</strong>, who<br />
snatched it from him and ran <strong>of</strong>f :into<br />
the .7ux~g1~, . laughing ,to himself .-<br />
"Hr1k~, hah, hol y; " ' he rumbhed : `Mo'CherM<br />
fu`cker Now I'm the' Bhackest' Aanther<br />
in . the Jungle :"<br />
I.ittl'e ,.j~lh t .e ; Rambo, wiping .a couple <strong>of</strong><br />
tears away; from nis uiashy blue 'eyes,<br />
fo'ic~ed ;his ]tittle b1i~e~`knap5ack against<br />
his chest and'started' ba+ek ~`~ido~vn ~'t .h~ Jun<br />
gle + path, . Presently, " .~i`e `"me'~ .a~aather<br />
creature ~ coming ~dowri `the path from~'the<br />
opposite direction`, ~It was`` anothex Slack<br />
Parith~x,_: . ` but this on'e ` was ~sarikingly<br />
~diffe~ei~t . ' He~-was dr~e~sed~ ~~Vezy neatly,<br />
not like most <strong>of</strong>~ ~the Tack"Panthexs ' and<br />
liis hair , was cut short' and neatly parted.<br />
He stopped when he `saw 'Little-White Rambo,<br />
walked up to,Mim, and shook his hand,<br />
~'"Ah, my friend, , ' my,.fziend," he said .<br />
"How are you doing?"<br />
,<br />
P~c~~ 9 ,
F;1~'t'S,_RUACFiES, AND RUFUS<br />
'<br />
-<br />
.<br />
.<br />
"helot too well," Little White Rambo<br />
smelt sniffing badly . "One <strong>of</strong> those<br />
<strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong>s stopped me not too long<br />
ago and took all <strong>of</strong> my money that I was<br />
going to take to zny grandmother :"<br />
'°Indeed, xradeed " the E31ack <strong>Panther</strong><br />
;aid, shaking h~,s heads 'iyes<br />
y so~ :ze <strong>of</strong><br />
those <strong>Black</strong> fanthexs just aren~t fit to<br />
walk the sciceetsi They don't contribute<br />
a thing to society, just rob and steal .<br />
Don't you think so?"<br />
Little White Rambo nodded his head,<br />
"Yes, I ,just don't understand you peotile,<br />
" he said, "I try my best to please<br />
you, but " " " "<br />
And before Little White Rambo ceuld<br />
~et another v~ord out <strong>of</strong> his mouth, the<br />
,Slack <strong>Panther</strong> had snatched a rwlled-up<br />
;piece <strong>of</strong> paper out <strong>of</strong> his little blue<br />
knapsack and was running down the Jungle<br />
?ath, laughing for all he was woxth,<br />
°'Stupid fool :" the <strong>Black</strong> Panthex cxied<br />
>ack, "I tricked you, I tricked you, and<br />
sow I' -ve got your college degree . Now<br />
r'm the ~37.ackeat <strong>Panther</strong> in the Jungle :"<br />
Crying very s<strong>of</strong>tly to himself, Little<br />
plcade~, "If you don't hit me anyxtore,<br />
I'lI let you have what's left in my little<br />
blue knapsack " " He held the little<br />
bhue knapsack up in the air,<br />
The <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> snat~h~d the r ori-~:<br />
tents <strong>of</strong> the little blue kria~s~ck from<br />
Little White Rarnbo's ha lt1~ He stood fray<br />
~ moment ; e~camining,the glitt.exi.ng M-1~ -<br />
in the afternoon Zic~ht~ then ui~.th a-fi-<br />
i~al kick, went running down t1~c Jungle<br />
path laughing for all he way woxth~; ;<br />
'°Weak ; dog," , he yell~d'habk~ ''~tCiw I'm<br />
the <strong>Black</strong>est <strong>Panther</strong> zn~ the J~frit~led °'<br />
POQ~'--~~,ittle [white Rambo, crying very<br />
visibly now., and without stop~si~.g the<br />
little pink teaxs roaring down his lit<br />
cle pink cheeks and the little ~ri~ak snot<br />
running into his little pink mouth, he<br />
picked up his now empty blue kr.a~sack<br />
and started, once more, down the darkenin<br />
Jun 1e<br />
Soon, gthoughh " he came urw~ an been<br />
clearing, around which a laxge cxowd had<br />
gathered . Straining to see, Little White<br />
Rambo pushed his way through the crowd<br />
until he came upon the centez---<strong>of</strong> -- the<br />
:'kite Rambo picked up his now sadly de- loud commotion .<br />
°feted little<br />
_.:mooch, and<br />
blue knapsack, patted it<br />
continued ,down the dusty<br />
The three <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong>s,'each waving<br />
the article he had liberated .fxom Little<br />
jungle path towards the now setting sun : 4Jhite Rambo, were standing around a tall .<br />
"BLACK POWER : : ;"'! metal txee, axguing very hotl;p . .<br />
A <strong>Black</strong> hand shot, . ,out frpm-t-he side <strong>of</strong> "Im the <strong>Black</strong>est <strong>Panther</strong> in the Juntree<br />
and caught Little White Rambo gle ;P° one roared . "I got that Mother-<br />
"ully on the jaw, sending him xeeling Pucker's money ;"'<br />
.<br />
own the path and headloncJ into a xat- ''No, no," the other ,joixed. in " I!m<br />
frog thicket . Before he . Gould move the the Slackest <strong>Panther</strong> in the Jungle be-<br />
.~ack <strong>Panther</strong> was on hizrx,agaan, beating<br />
,,id cuxsing him .<br />
"You ~3east, you dog,, you devil :" the<br />
~.ack <strong>Panther</strong> roared, Shaking his nappy<br />
"You nge " taper o~ 31aC2r Women, you<br />
cause I've got the`Man's education :"<br />
`''You're tooth Toms :'° the third bellozuec~_<br />
"Im the <strong>Black</strong>est ,<strong>Panther</strong> ix the Jungle,<br />
cause .L got the-~ devil-''s gins : , 5p fuck<br />
all ~y'all :'° ;-:<br />
irderer <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> Children : . ~ X00 years, And soon they:-Begari~ chas j~g each other<br />
`:3tey, 400 years!" around t~he,~snetal`tr:ee, ar~u ng, .and wav-<br />
"Oh,please don't hit me any more, Lit- `ing .them, ;p;~:i.zes, euntil they, chased each<br />
";e White Rambo wailed ", other sow long that they began ,to~ melt, - ,<br />
.,<br />
:11h : ; ~ up, . Whitey ; the <strong>Black</strong> 'v <strong>Panther</strong> , and soon Whey- `were . whizzing aro~znd at ,a<br />
:;Mowed, spitting ~~ Lit;tle -White Rain- . elelirious speed and they melted- - even<br />
a`s face . "Ain't even, ;:~ny rieed'to~talk more from the heat and~friction, Jand fiyou,<br />
Beast ; Your system'-s gonna fall natty, they chased each other around<br />
yway, and I'm gonna help "'give it the that tree for sa long and they melted<br />
st push : White pig :" so much that they turned into one funky<br />
''Oh please, six," Little White Rambo brown pile <strong>of</strong> shit " . .
RATS z ROACHES, AND RUFUS (continued)<br />
And quickly, before anybody else could<br />
move, Little White ~2ambo raced up to the<br />
pungent pile and carefully withdrew a<br />
shining <strong>Black</strong> object fxom each mound,<br />
and deposited them in his little blue<br />
knapsack .<br />
"<strong>Black</strong> niggers," he muttered to himself<br />
. "Don't they know there isn't a<br />
thing more precious than their <strong>Black</strong><br />
Soul?"<br />
And the crowd parted in awe as ha<br />
walked down the now daxk Jungle path,<br />
whistling, little blue knapsackc hung over<br />
his shoulder, slowly moving into the<br />
night toward the castle at the other end<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Jungle .<br />
*~a~*~~~*~~~a~a~~~~a~~~~*<br />
hujambo<br />
I,, ~, Johnso n : Well, if you pleas<br />
us de-escalate!"<br />
;~y v~1N T~~[<br />
SWANILI LESSON ( IMPORTANT PHRASES)<br />
good morning<br />
mbari za usiku goad evening, brother<br />
twende ku vuta let's go smoke<br />
mtu mweusi <strong>Black</strong> man<br />
mama nisemehe you're lookin<br />
baby<br />
sasr~hivi<br />
immediately<br />
chuff cheusi <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong><br />
g~ipod,<br />
w<br />
note : in Swahili the accent always<br />
falls on the next to last<br />
syllable
Oakland, ~alifawnia, Wednesdpq, April SCI, 1966<br />
films SSAC protest<br />
GUEST SPEAKER ERNEST ALi.EN REPY.fE5 T4 NEWSMAN<br />
KGO-TV covers the S "~uistudents meeting and press conference<br />
Numba+r 9<br />
A rally to protest the drafting <strong>of</strong><br />
Negroes will be held on the auditorium<br />
steps at noon, Friday, April<br />
22; anuaunced S5Af" Chai~man'Virtual<br />
Morell early this week . The<br />
rally is in support o£ U.C. student<br />
Frnest Allen who .,ko.ld reporttrs at<br />
a KGO television press conference<br />
last week at Merritt that he would<br />
nty a S$n Franeisco<br />
chronicle repogter to a large,<br />
;;yypati>~etic auiliencel<br />
"When black sold~ere and white 'i<br />
soldiers get <strong>of</strong>f the thus in Saigon ;' I<br />
Alletr stated. "t[rcy are afforded sep- I<br />
crate facilities, fey must go fo . I,<br />
+rparate, £acilities, they must fio to<br />
separate bars-"<br />
"7,'his is the same as it is in the<br />
United States;' the 'Chronicle re,<br />
jrorter remarked .<br />
l\ eI:<br />
thrc<br />
helm<br />
118111<br />
judo; ;~ ; :<br />
~unti . .<br />
L. . .<br />
171 c:a ;<br />
1(>
Special Ed~i~orial :__ BROTHBR LBROI<br />
Leroi Jorfes started writing while he .was `a,'boyi,'»<br />
: :<br />
1 .7 .S~+tr Y1AWf?x'.w~."~'`l:~w~.lt panther . ., k1y,Ji,~ QUWC+ ,o .Y . v1.~,G1G~p$Xtl:x.<br />
~$<br />
. . . bls.ck<br />
xc<br />
ow<br />
;~ck p~ ~ .<br />
® ~ . . black, power<br />
,: blaciK ps,z~ the -<br />
o . bls,ck ,px~r;t,~r<br />
he 'h ~s +growtx into a <strong>Black</strong><br />
Man, so ha~~ his "~vr3.t ngs developed ar~d matuzed -intcs- some f the mcaart, .3:mpntaant<br />
writings an¢.thopght's <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> worl,d . .<br />
Sb1'aie Slack writers have severely 'cr aicl ~ Lct`~t~.'t s ~~<br />
<strong>Black</strong> enough . But what these :writers forget i~ ~Y~at Lero<br />
.._taupe by the wh%te motherfucker t~o buy him <strong>of</strong> ~ grid ' maims<br />
tablishment writer . ` At the same tune, he has 'g~bwt~ by, ' 1<br />
his prize-winning Cbut not very <strong>Black</strong>) easay'rr~' a Libre"<br />
orb, he is the one <strong>Black</strong> American write! to 'feast his<br />
western c3vilizatiorx.'s art for art salve decacierxce ~tnd flip<br />
to the vestibule <strong>of</strong> mother-Africa . Listen to Leroi bring<br />
ancestarss<br />
. . . . . . . .The magic dance in the street . Run up and dawn Br ad Stareet,nig~gers~<br />
take the shit you want, Take their lives if need be, bu,t et what you ~tant<br />
what you need . Dance up and down the`~treets,'turn all th rnusi~ up, run throe<br />
the streets with music, beautiful radios cn Market Street s tMe~ are brought<br />
here especially for you . Our brothexs are moving a~11 over sms,shing at ~ex~ywh3~te<br />
faces . We must make our owr~ 4Vorld ~ ~~n, Aur own world s an w:e cannot do this<br />
unless the white man is dead . . . . . . . .<br />
Maybe youlre not hip to it ;<br />
but this passage is not<br />
prose, no, . it isn't This<br />
is Afr~.can poetry at it s<br />
best . It is the poetry ;<br />
formless, rhymeless, the<br />
lilting poetry <strong>of</strong> Africa .<br />
Let it roll <strong>of</strong>f your tongue,,<br />
ululate it, and see, whethex<br />
., y~au can, ever get away<br />
from it .<br />
We ask ; Would these same<br />
<strong>Black</strong> writexs have had the r<br />
strength ,°' not to submit to<br />
white Azrie~3:carx fin~,nc~.ah<br />
flattery ,and `; still ,be~eo?ne<br />
poet-pr ophets ' for ' Bl ack<br />
pes~ple anywhere ' near the<br />
~r~~,iber <strong>of</strong> Leroi Jones? We ~~,<br />
~ .<br />
.r; :.<br />
'.~"l~:xV'~i:NCd lJ. Leltui Jones* and<br />
ri~s3rtgs, ~ .neat being<br />
has`~~sme~shed ali at~<br />
~:m 3~nta, . a nigger e~<br />
eps anc~' 'k~wnds since<br />
19-60 ) .: ~ In auz opine~'thetic<br />
effcart Pa®t<br />
Iii$ woxd~" sdur~ds an.~<br />
orth adtir3,ce fray o<br />
v
I T;.ACK .PO~~J~,~2 r .aPage<br />
'believe that before the :i.r .<br />
zitera~:y c',itxc~. .~ms l o~:~a<br />
, . ,<br />
un~,; ::s ;:and Lexoi in the<br />
cont~ ".ct <strong>of</strong> the decadent<br />
sow ~ o "." ~cc~nomwc: malaise that<br />
he ass Y~een fighting .a~ .<br />
:;lams~ o<br />
DO T~?C'~: ALY~Oe~ .T~ .x,~ SAC,?ED WORAS; OF BUR : ANCESTQa~~ 7C0,<br />
Street<br />
gia:z . ...._.,_.... _~. ~. .. 7ap<br />
~it~I77k"tl& lYtf~fYU`t~<br />
.<br />
LERO~ JONES F3EId ~~'G<br />
Blac',: Mv~zo, B7_ac~;c Poetzf~,<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Dance:, <strong>Black</strong>; F~~ ,h %dirt<br />
Where? .-<br />
~2na~CG~o~e+, C:~u~~"~:zy<br />
f<br />
When? Satu :r. day y ,~ui^2 : ;;r ,. ;'? ~ ~<br />
7C3.rra~:? '7 : ~Opm ; C'os~fi:~? u~ ~ . ~J~J<br />
,... .. . .Y..»-...~w..a,...,.~ ..,.,.~...",.-». .,F.;.. , . ._ .M<br />
..<br />
PRtax<br />
.<br />
.<br />
:<br />
. .<br />
BLACuC +,`<br />
~TC'L w ~ i~10 , 1 ~<br />
,~t~ttiT3.~ :;~ 9 lc~~~j<br />
P~.tb7_~a'~e~~. ~~~uc~y<br />
P^.}zther II~i.~~ ta ~~ 1'iu' 1<br />
P, O Bo; ; 1 U<br />
-!-`15~. .1.. .a.y~ 7 .f`" .1 .Y~lA '.'~'.<br />
s~o ,~.~ .~ozni a . ;<br />
~~E r~.,AC~ rR~~r ~. :r<br />
1JRUl't b b C o p . b . 0 .<br />
t, . 9 v~ G ' "<br />
soul ~zs~~~' . , ~<br />
n<br />
,<br />
carp ~ :~ :.~~r~ .,<br />
Edit a~~; ;<br />
form^ r;are, it is BECAUSE <strong>of</strong> this fight that Le <strong>of</strong> Yeas k~ee~ ~o ;i~~~,0."~essful in<br />
tv~g nc7, ~'~~C.~1US1 <strong>of</strong> L~roi's refusal ~;o ~Ue bo.u.c,~ht ~~~~:.° .~~~ 6Jh : ~Sey tka~;t ~t~e Big Hon<br />
I:cy :s attez,~pt`_~ :rrg to sank his grimy, ja9g~=d te'f~t?`~1 xYxto Li :c~o~ : ~ : :, Jones by senten=~<br />
cai.n.r izim to 23~ ,3<br />
.. . . . . _<br />
years °fin pr ,sonb<br />
L~~o~~ i~>rs and Sisters : . . :, ~~ th~y~ ° ca~i bust°° II~otY~.ex' L~~.r~;i . ~;VY<br />
': .x~~slating our<br />
.: :i:nto paerns axxd plays, whaa,ey will Sit~Aely ~ :~y ~c ,,7 ;:s~;z ::~~ the. source<br />
(ut,ac : Amer~.ca) ,<strong>of</strong> ts~ose . songs .that sang for a ; ~c,. ;~u As:rica-waxl,c a~~. cry`' " y~a:~ . tl~E<br />
destruction <strong>of</strong> this decadence that t~~lks <strong>of</strong> :ius~i~ce ,:but ~a~t~ . +-,~ ir~.;~o : e iriprisoi:me~~°~<br />
on tho;s~; that dom,and it b, .<br />
S~Ft~<br />
~.an~: urn rrJ<br />
;~,'~~y ?Z issues ~3~00<br />
2~`;4 :~sC 46th Street, Near Xot'It, N .7~ ., IOiY17<br />
E'Iea.~E gTtt'oil nee ae u subscriber Sor:<br />
tr^^ y~~t, ~3 .OQ ot,<br />
Nnme ~ ;~ . .<br />
two<br />
N ,r ~~ , MJU'TNS,. OF<br />
o.e~,c :`~ ; .<br />
^ ' r + . o ~ ~ n v. 3 JL~ 's<br />
. 0 NMYf, ~ .r ^ ^ o<br />
0 4'¢,o ~ 4 .r;<br />
.<br />
.<br />
o .<br />
.<br />
p 6 " t .:hPp " .~ .~~<br />
" ' n . . n o ~, ., ,, n n , {~.<br />
~ ,, ~w , ~ ~ , o f n . . ~<br />
r
J' rl " [ ,,<br />
';' ,<br />
(long live our ancestoxso)<br />
'1 ;<br />
r.<br />
;: fREf~APgROWN~<br />
. ., ,<br />
, . . . . ~ : , :_ c ry<br />
~~ :i , : , . , .<br />
'Since ' S~pte~mbe "~8 ~ :.19~G7 ~ .s^"RaR~,Bxown :,, ;<br />
Chairman <strong>of</strong> the Student ATan~-Vio~;~nt, ~o- ..,<br />
ordinating Committee, has been a politi~<br />
cal . P.rri ones <strong>of</strong> ~~~ ~ ~brk City s . : .;.~£or~:,~t3de~ 'a , .,<br />
to tra+vei '' by~ ~ : ._ cb' ~~t ~ 'or:de.~ ;, ;which ~ ~. :f,- ;<br />
disobeyed; -' would rt~su7:t' ;i:n t~e ;;~faX~~feit- .,<br />
`,, ure ~ <strong>of</strong> '$15,b~d `pond . :and ~BroroVn!a,: : imp~ s+pn». ;. ,<br />
ment . This tactici ~`af .1?F2:EUEN~I~lE . AR~2EST ;, ., t. r .<br />
. . ~ :-, .f > ;-~c r t r - . .<br />
Pag e . .-. . .-. . ...3<br />
is being, tested by the Federal Government<br />
a ;~<br />
as a w2l~r' <strong>of</strong>~ ;<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. . ,<br />
.<br />
, de~alr ~ng ' with .those swhgse o~, :r ;<br />
pznion5 'they' do - : not : like : : .~It :-is ,the; s,a~me,. . .<br />
t~i'Ctic'' use d '<br />
;Yn, a' `=c:~!wder~ : form ' in , thp~~ ::Ur~~:,pf<br />
' <strong>of</strong> 'So~ut$A~i' rcanc 'aSall .,- cer, 'thi'!~ :o~s~ ar .-~. -'r:<br />
~'~~t "<br />
.~e'j;~,,.<br />
Wh~th2Y' ", -it is c~~;letd, ; ;"hose , ;ax<br />
or<br />
~ t .<br />
; .<br />
;<br />
:r,~,r~~er'ts:v'~r~~~i'~est,tc .,,fhe r.esu,~,t<br />
<strong>of</strong> t'tc~c~ he ;. . gas ''Ghe'r ame ; , ` an, individual', s.~,<br />
movements are restricted, to .a :proSCribeel .,<br />
area for an indefinite period .<br />
Upon`exarriiri ng?~th+a--facts t~f.+the ;~ase .,<strong>of</strong><br />
:`',Rap 3YOtv~z ` i~r becbi~es ~:-c~:ea~r ."that the , .<br />
eo iscioizs intent ~ .a~, : . , . .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
, .<br />
; ,<br />
.<br />
.<br />
. .<br />
~ . . .<br />
nQrt,' t .o' . ~a~1., .I3rpwn on,.,~, :.<br />
various fa1s2 charges,<br />
impossible to travel<br />
but, .~~pl;y z~ake ~~-,<br />
around the country<br />
. ~rzd : ~ speak .<br />
~xt~wn; . but<br />
"'~ This'' w.~uld, ,:hhu~;t , , ;<br />
"the-' oxg~itiizat~azn :fob .-<br />
nnrt-. ..only; ,<br />
.<br />
w~, ch .kie~<br />
is '~ha rinari 'arrd 'pr~:neipal .: ; spoke ~ma~+~ Y.;- ; floe<br />
~tu~lent Nonr~-~xb'hcnt ~ Coor.~di~:ndt :n~, Cr~mm'ii ~....<br />
,t?~ , ~ ~`h~~r ~"~Si ~1C~'S~'7 Tl'";'~ ~t.tZf?^l%ila+' . 2':'.':i 'tha;ou~.rl<br />
'v,, ': ,<br />
,. ,. .<br />
,<br />
,<br />
i<br />
1 ;'r~e :co.uxts . t ~~h.GoveXiim~ri e,~ ~ r ~, -i: n'oy~'ed[ Y to -sto P :Brd~wn. and SNCC w,it~o,u1:creab ~<br />
rig<br />
`o t '<br />
a public<br />
r . ,, ; : ; Tk~ e-Fa, .Gt~r .~.n : .-t;he .Gase cSf I~ . ~Ra .. Browi9 ar'e s: ~. l,ea .<br />
p P Qn ,~u7~y ~~4, 19Ei7,,,Brb~tz,,spoke<br />
3,n :~Cambridg~,, ,Marylan~.r He :-'fief'~~'th~~ city th~ ~- safe' exrenir~g on~: h ,s ; way t , , as i 9 ,<br />
llrdC . Awhile . a,fte~~j ~he,~had le .f't' Cambridge the ~ Fine- S.treet ; ~lemen~ary ~ch,ool, which<br />
has a history <strong>of</strong> ~bei'rg'`bur'r ed ;' 'was `~ur~-ed° `again, _ -The ~aext, d~.y, ,the. r.Srtate Attorney<br />
,.<br />
. ;<br />
<strong>of</strong> Maryland issued a warrant for the arrest <strong>of</strong> ~rp~wn, c.har;c;inc~,~~,m .with iriCiting<br />
;-<br />
thb pe;opl;e-; ,,- tsa ,,burp floe s,4hoo1 . Later the same day, the Federal Government warrant<br />
+ ~~a-s ~ ~:.ssu~:d., . ,:~~r : he ,.~rre°st`~ o,f' ~3~t~wn' ' this bne~~ ch,ar.'g.ing ~xim .vu3.th l.eavi,ng the state <strong>of</strong><br />
: . r . ; .i. . : ,, ;? . ;. r<br />
-r r' Max.yl.;an~l;- nto_, ; ,~,y4.~ ; arxesti ori ;' ,<br />
t~~ fsrst cYia~rge . :' : The Federate- charge .,, made him, <strong>of</strong><br />
;<br />
course, a fugi tive~ fiom justice' .<br />
' ? ~ ' ~ , , ' . , . ~<br />
_.° . . . .._ _.t_______________~_______<br />
NDUGU ZANGU ~4VAMEKUFUAA WA ISHI<br />
_ .,. :<br />
.,~~rn. a ~x!_~sa<br />
~34~~ 1~iA~S~9A~~~.: ~.~~: . ;<br />
~~N ~" Afl~CI~s~£~ . ~A,~~_1 ~7
BLACK MARKETER --- Continued<br />
L3rowu lcaxizcsd aC the waxrants for his arrest, and, on the following day, arranged<br />
through his attorneys to turn himself in to the F . G . I . in New York, On July 26,<br />
Brown was leaving Washington, D, C, for New York tiae.t~rn himself in, when he was<br />
arrested by the police at Washington National Airpoxt ~,nd~'immei~liately turned over<br />
to the F,B, I, The F,B, I . was fully cognizant <strong>of</strong> where ; }~~oo~tt~~~vas ...~oing and, for what<br />
purpose, but they chose to abrogate the agreement "tHat~:,~~d'~l~e~n zvozkc~~l.f .Qut ~'be.^t~~en<br />
them and Brown's attorneys, choosing instead to~make_,i'~ ap~ear=fi~at ~~ .h~xl been'<br />
trying to run away . ,,,; ; . , ; ;,<br />
He was taken to a detention cell - in the U,S . Post Office Building-in Alexandya,-`<br />
Virginia, held for six hauxs and then released . The Federal Government had decided.,<br />
to drop the charges <strong>of</strong> "flight from prosecution"against him,<br />
However, when Brown walked out <strong>of</strong> the Post Office Building, he was axrested'on<br />
the steps by Alexandria police, who charged him'with "flight f~c~m prosecution,'' under<br />
a Virginian state law, The Federal Government had bowed out to let the state<br />
Government do the same work, knowing that in a.'5outhern couxt, there was much, less<br />
chance for Brown to receive a fair hearing than a Fe~.era1 Couxt .<br />
a :,,~, . .<br />
. He was taken to the city jail in Alexandria, Va .,' and afteY some time was re"<br />
leased on $10,000 bond, Then, ; .the Governor <strong>of</strong> Maxyl,~nd, ask~d''the Governor o~ Vir~ .<br />
ginia to extradite Brown to stand trial on the school-burning charge . The Governor<br />
<strong>of</strong> Virginia honored his request ; Brown was once- again- in jail, but his xetur.rr' to,.,<br />
Maryland was prevented through legal action taken by~his attorneys, On September-,~<br />
; 1 8 ,<br />
Page . . . . . . . . 4<br />
1967, Brown was released from jail on yet ~a`tiix~thex'`$14,000 bail on the condition<br />
that he . would not leave the eleven counties <strong>of</strong> the Southern District <strong>of</strong> New Yoxk<br />
, ;.except to travel to consult with one <strong>of</strong> his attorneys .<br />
v'Shortly thereafter, Brown was once aga ,p af~es~ed'on a charge <strong>of</strong> carrying `a we~porr:<br />
' whilE under, indictment, was j~ai],ed iri '~tecvr lbrkrCity and' released .p.n $15 ;Q00<br />
bond . The red a ction on . Brown's right to travel was appealed"to the CYri:ef Ju~ti-ce<br />
.<strong>of</strong>f the U,S . Supreme Caur~t who tu ned:down the appeal .<br />
It--` - is, , vl-eax (fiat if ,H :""Rap .Bxcswn .is going to be released fror;i his, ''jail" °in,New<br />
York, it will ;-onL`yx'be t eC~titse <strong>of</strong> `pressure put upon the Federal Government . This is<br />
an important case ; izec~usre-~,~ . g the Federal Government-succeeds in keeping~H . : Rap<br />
Bxawn ''jailed", overnighf;'mil:~ants wall find themselves arrested on false charges<br />
and xeleased, with the condition :hat ~~'~heir movements . .be' restricted_lvty a proscribed<br />
area . It happened to Bill Epton, :, .~~:ack Liberation fighter from ~iaxaem, in .1964,<br />
when he was arrested on charges <strong>of</strong> inciting to riot during the Harl2m ;rebellions <strong>of</strong><br />
that summer, I-c happened to John Harris, <strong>Black</strong> Liberat an fighter .in'Los Angeles,<br />
who 'was arrested for leafleting, released and note restricted to <strong>California</strong> . It happened<br />
to Edd e Oquendo, <strong>Black</strong> Draft resistor. from i3roaklyn, who. wa§ convicted for<br />
refusing to serve in the army, released on appeal and is now restricted'vto .,,the borrough<br />
<strong>of</strong> Brooklyn, New York . ~ " . ~. .<br />
Tt is clear what the Government is tryingyto,do . It is oux responsibility to<br />
stop them . If they succeed in keeping H . Rap~E3roovny- .one <strong>of</strong> the well-known <strong>Black</strong><br />
leaders, restricted to New York, they will then be able to move with impunity against<br />
any militant in the country . - ;<br />
(Continued)<br />
(7l .
DLACK MARKETER - Continued<br />
trJHAT YJU MUST DO :<br />
Page . . . . . . . . 5<br />
. . Send a tel~gxam immediately i:a SNCC, 10f Fifth Avenue, New' York, :IV :Y,._,. 10011<br />
requesting H .' :~T~" ° Drown to speak in your :comn(i~ri ty . The United States :~ay,~rnmerit<br />
is trying to say that <strong>Black</strong>"p'eople in the Unified-Stakes are nod interested in .the<br />
words <strong>of</strong> Chairman . Drown, tnle know this is 'a Tie .'<br />
2 . Write letters <strong>of</strong> protest to Chairman H:'~'ap ~Drov~n . .,p~Qt~sting his illegal '"house<br />
arrest ." Your letter may be used as an affidavit which, we will attach,to his ap-'<br />
peal to the Supreme Court to overturn the racist decision <strong>of</strong> the Vir~i~ian cracker<br />
judge .<br />
3 . Circulate and get signatures for the Cit ens Amicus Brief in Support .,<strong>of</strong> N: Rip<br />
Drown's a ; ;ea1 from h~.s''~3ai1 Restrictions .<br />
.<br />
4 . Send a contribution to the National df~i-e~ <strong>of</strong> SNCC, 360 Nelson Street 'A~lanta,<br />
Georgia . ' Your dollar;s.''wiril 1~elp SNC~, ;carry on its political ~~ork towed Duck<br />
Liberation° , . ,, ;,<br />
. n .<br />
~ne.losed find $~,
BLACK MARK. .;TER - continued<br />
Pa e . ., .<br />
DR . SPOCK AND OTHER PROMINENT WHITE AMERICAN ANTIWAR FIGURES TNDICTED<br />
Thw White American government has launched its first major attack on c~ltwte<br />
Amexica T s movemex~~t against ;,the Vietnam war . A federal grand jury indicted<br />
five prominent opponents <strong>of</strong> the war January 5, , : .,,, f ~: ; . ,~,~~ V<br />
The five were charged with "cons~lri~ing to councel young men to violate ache<br />
draft laws ." They face up to five years in prison and fines <strong>of</strong> v~10,000 each<br />
if convicted .<br />
The govern~t~n~ .~ ~ m~a:nc~ .,- .x.~, t~xrar,ize arid` intimidate -.the .white peace movement<br />
chose for it$ :rvi.~t; s~,;,5oi~e ;o~ ~~h .e t~c5st wYdely'-~)e~lowiz :, ;arid~xespectab~ ;,figures<br />
associatedr}s~a.th : the~r:~der,ate . wing . o~`' ~he° rno~i~me~ t . r~:; ;-<br />
Most famous <strong>of</strong> those indicted were ~'17Y j ~=~ Betrj'smir~~~Spock, : t,he, ;a3l~hp~ , anti pe;- .<br />
diatrician, and Willian Sloane C<strong>of</strong>fin Jr : CYl~pl'ai~t` <strong>of</strong> yaYe yniversit~~.. .<br />
Accord ~x i A,~ ?' -~>:~e,~ ~,~inc~ictmg~ , ~ , } the five agreed to " sponsox a , tat~t:ian-"w~'c~e~'~<br />
craft resi~s;;ta~.ce ; pr-,agzy~,m. . that~oul,d wiac~.ude. 't~xsr~.ipting .the induction centers, ,,<br />
making pzil'S7
DRUM . .<br />
.<br />
taHtAT . .IS. de F~1t~L.LE AFTER<br />
,<br />
, .<br />
. f. >~reat` man~i,';Amer~tcans~ ; ` ncft~din~,,.,: odder ~~,<br />
ly ~nougl marry, : oho have a' ri~aic~ .time, mak~a:<br />
ing ~'~ ends ' J ,meet ; . ;are c~otr~ed~. ; ak~out<br />
,~~ de~ Gfull~'s t,aka.ng ~'.~zu~r go~-+3." bad` couarse,<br />
t3~e g<strong>of</strong>d~ i'~ Eor~' ~nox isn't "our gold .'!<br />
;Tk~atr is,°'r it'dge~n't belong to the counter<br />
J : r : .,ryt. .<br />
~s~~workers .' 'f~ou .might say the U,S, gold<br />
s ,>hc~xd .<br />
"is ` the collective property <strong>of</strong>, ;the-<br />
{~d5 ;' capitalist class, But even this .ti~<br />
s;~~~te', is -far from clear, Fact' is, that gold r<br />
hoard is mortgaged, not up to the halt,<br />
but way `' over the hilt,<br />
the mortgagees,<br />
Ftane~' is ,o,~,e r~~'<br />
We're not so naive as to think.,$; ;<br />
.l .~;ne,. .<strong>of</strong> "xeasbning will have amy effect a~t<br />
~~11' ., :ov people who axe enraged ovex d :,<br />
.~uulle''s policy <strong>of</strong> buying gold with U,.<br />
~,o lars : they'll ; come right bacf anc~ tel.;l<br />
~s ., thia is a lot <strong>of</strong> hogwash if not dow:}<br />
right unpatr~iot~,c that the United State<br />
I~~ ~ ~rfought' ' two`~waxs ; . to save the Frer~<br />
r_~t~on . fri~m' .~ :'rktin~~~.Qm,, , . .<br />
. . . and that , . . Fxa~~~ .~ :<br />
ow~ .y , , rus r , : . a ~ , .r . Wor,~,cl . l~ax I debt'~~oi~ &~ . t~~~~<br />
. 1 ic~:~ :, ~ a ffifnciQTatIS r; ~.,a~d inte~rles't . "!.I~<br />
~'ran~Q~'ca~iriues to de~tand gold"'foz ~~dah<br />
i~.~,.-c5w-dollars spent in France by . . ,Ame"<br />
.E.ican tourists and businessmen, de Gaullg<br />
.seems to despise,j!, . ; .;~d~.torialized the' Tn~<br />
dianapolis Stax , Dec . I, "the Uniteq<br />
States =should retaliate promptly by an-<br />
:~orancing to France and to the world that<br />
xao demand for gold will be honored unti :~.<br />
France pays her dQbts to the United<br />
States ."<br />
WHY DE GAUGLE BEHAVES AS I-~E DOES<br />
Indeed, many U.S, capitalist spokesmen-.<br />
edi~'wors, politicians in Congress, and others---are<br />
getting quite a head <strong>of</strong> steam<br />
over President de'Gaulle's policies . De<br />
Gaulle, it '~.is said, is a man obsessed<br />
with hatred <strong>of</strong> everything Anglo-Saxon,<br />
Ccangxessman Pucinski is convinced that<br />
"dn Gaulle is a sick man," "His attacks<br />
cn ?;he United States, his attacks on Englat2d,<br />
his attacks on Canada, his attacks<br />
cn the efforts <strong>of</strong> England to become a<br />
member <strong>of</strong> the Common Market, his anti-<br />
°.'Lbri sic outbuurs s," r~ucinski added, "all<br />
indicate that here is a man who has lost<br />
all sense <strong>of</strong> perspective and all sense <strong>of</strong><br />
j ~.dgment . "<br />
J FJ<br />
u v) l'- '.<br />
r?<br />
Pa~e . .a . . . . .<br />
d-r " . , , . .Jl .r~ "<br />
s .. . : ,r : +r.l : . .<br />
7 . : r, . . ; .<br />
I °,J ~~~1<br />
-'people who personalise '~~ontq~gorax~<br />
history . , in this way, May' evc~l~e applause ;''<br />
but "they ,~orztx b~te nzot~hirij' 'to pu1~,13C~s:zxn-~~~':<br />
:-~e~standlr~g t ' > ":~De;r~cau~lle `is a .r~big;'.~ .' ~t~o-~ .>~~<br />
r " . .<br />
~: ical figure TT ~ . : :he hss ,succeeded zif~-~<br />
coricentrati,a~ ,! . a ., greet :`:-cteal. .~ ,, power in .<br />
the <strong>of</strong>fice ; ~~f Presixierx~E`, Bu~, ..he is far<br />
from`be~.rr~, the almif~ty, Btiti].;~~,headed ty<br />
rant, whc~ . .,i,s . draggingt an , .`ufw~.l~.ing ~'enCh ±.<br />
nation ~l,:png, , . with Him as he se~;ks ; pex ° + .<br />
sonal rever~ge ~~ ;~ .~at: rsbme <strong>of</strong> his ,U,,S .,-cx~ . .. ..'<br />
tidst .`-accuse hin, ; af .~ a being .. on; , : ;~m:. ~©n r ;r_?<br />
trary ~fe" Gaulle has` behind hx~n` :quietly,<br />
but nevertk~~~ess fe~vently ahpl~!~ding.-his ' +-s+.,<br />
efforts, a , ;.solid :z~a~ority <strong>of</strong> yhe Fr:,ench -~
DRUM<br />
tat investments . And when the U,S, gave and political competitor that it is, T ~s .<br />
$17 billion in aid to "rehabilitate" free herself <strong>of</strong> tie need a~or an "et~Ccl~nic<br />
postwar France, it was not out <strong>of</strong> love umbrella" held in Anglo-Saxon hands,~she ;<br />
for France, but because if France had not labished money an3d scientific talent on, .<br />
been saved for capitalism she would have developing hex own- A-bomb,' She reasser-<br />
been reorganized on "Communist" statist ted sovereignty~cv~er Frend~ territory and<br />
lines, and would have wound up as satel- air'spaee that'°shP~`had'~een in na pas3-,<br />
ite and ally <strong>of</strong> Soviet Russia, Lion to assert in' x.949 whets SNi4~fi, NA'~O's<br />
As for the Fxench ruling class, it never supreme military ° heed~ua~t~arsi took up<br />
wasted a moment's time on gratitude . It resid+snce in the 1~eart <strong>of</strong> franca, ?~orst<br />
understood U, S, capitalist motivations <strong>of</strong> all, fromi U .S, icapitali m''s iewpoint<br />
thoroughly . And, regardless ctf,.j~u~~,,o ;~;,a~i :, -were~F~~aixce's actilons shak~:ng the rickefiy<br />
paned to head its political executive~com- international ~on~etary system in Which<br />
mittee, French national policy has ex-, t ` the ,~1a~;~^ax . ;~and 'tJ~,e'p+o-und atex~l ~ag"':b+acame<br />
pressed what were believed to be French , in~tex'~aa~,~,q~al r.~ rvet ~cu~x~nuies .<br />
ruling-class interests . ~ ~ ;~ . .Franca',,s~ .r, aAm'p~~,~an~ . :r 'has ;=' a'lx+eady been<br />
., r ds,.g~,t ''.~ '~'~l k ~ ~~ he ' ~uLu'innb , ~ "The cT+~ll ar's<br />
FRCM COMPLIANT ALLY TO COMPETING FOE x,~.t-r~~?~~~' :~~-,~~ =~rfa~tus ab~s'i>lv~!~3',,,U»S ., n~pitalism<br />
For many postwax years, Fxench capital- .,:, ;~±~ .,-tM~?} z~e'a~d :f4~' so ~marracge~`3ts~ economic' af-<br />
ism relied so heavily on U,S, aid that i'h~,i~~freir,s~~,as ,'~'c ~`l mit~ate ~kbe def~+~3ts i~ti'in-<br />
found it expedient to collaborate on po-,, . : xert~~t~.ana'1 `payments .tbrat~ i't incurred<br />
olicy . These were the early years <strong>of</strong> ,, yea~;~, .ra~ter w'year . That~` .~.a,' m'stead''<strong>of</strong><br />
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization,4 : ., baviz~ tp use 'the gold fxb~n Foit 'Knox to<br />
Even after the Euxopean Common Market was .;pay .q~ff ,the defi~pits, U;S' ;.'%~capi~talism<strong>of</strong><br />
organized, France was a more or less com-`., :used iz~fla~:ed dollars . ~irf' effect, ; it<br />
pliant ally . Sut, as the Common Market bought francs with dollars~ "'an~ used 'the ^<br />
solidified, French capitalism began to , .francs to buiy up 1~ucrative p~~nch iii~idusexperience<br />
the stimulating advantages <strong>of</strong> 3<br />
. ~ tri2~1' " eatablishmei~ts .<br />
p<br />
a market that expanded 'to unprecedented<br />
.. ' .<br />
~<br />
.,:<br />
~' ~' ~<br />
.rc~<br />
~r`-.<br />
. : :..~<br />
,~<br />
scope . Gzadually, Fxance's economic and<br />
military dependence on U .S,., capitalism<br />
~c~iminished and finally disappeared. It ~ ~.,<br />
was then that her natural,'pap3aalist . rolg ~""" ~<br />
p,'.v i<br />
as an economic competit;b~<br />
g'an to emerge .<br />
~<strong>of</strong>' the . U,'S,<br />
.'v<br />
be-<br />
.<br />
v'"~t ~: ". r .<br />
,,~ .>rr ~ ., `.~<br />
;By :~now, French capitalism wfflded, no~E<br />
only the weight <strong>of</strong> Frencf~`~b~ereignty,<br />
,,v<br />
s- .fi. ;. f<br />
'~ To Be Cc~ntd~#ue'd!<br />
. .<br />
f :, it<br />
~' .<br />
;F -'<br />
but also, i,n some instances, tii~ weight<br />
<strong>of</strong> alf si c df 'the ~ E iropean ~, Comn bn, ;Martcet<br />
nations . This~'~she was ablr~` to do because<br />
the Treaty <strong>of</strong> Rome, ~ih ch~ cxeated ; . 'the<br />
Common' Market, provided for '~ 'v2tcS,' . ~ As<br />
i.s~' well :know, . .:.France 'uti~,i'zed `~Cl e~ veto<br />
t~x block I3r`itain's entry -f~into the Common<br />
Market . 5Yre did this not, as it is gen-<br />
exalhy supposed ; because de Gauile was t., ~, " ;<br />
hostile to Angla-Saxons, but because F3xi-<br />
ta n was seen : as a jixnior partner .in' an<br />
Ang~.o-Saxon ; ; . a:mper'~.al'is~h . ; '~o l~t~~ hei iri~<br />
would be to give U,S, ~ capitalism a stxa-'<br />
task ^ agent in Common Market :councils, .. .<br />
For vaxiaaxs- ;reasons,wtl~' st'~would~~iave been<br />
in ; conflict with Fr~ecich cap~tal at 'Xnter-<br />
.? ~ ,<br />
es;~s<br />
t<br />
. . '<br />
.<br />
F~tANCE REASSERTS SOVEREIGNTY<br />
. ;DeyGaulle's Fran+cev very logically began .<br />
tc~ treat ; U,S,, capitalism''as<br />
.,.<br />
ti,~ ~ . . ..<br />
.<br />
.<br />
'<br />
. . .<br />
. . '<br />
. .<br />
. ... . .~<br />
4 .<br />
7 ..)<br />
'<br />
. . Tt (7 .~. G: 3.~ .~ 1<br />
, . .<br />
y, } ~'!! :7 :S ..L C~t ~~ i f i<br />
ti.4a . .,. .:) . '..v~..I. ;Jt` .<br />
.., j': ~ :. . '. ~ .,<br />
`R<br />
.,rJ'.,<br />
Page . . . . . .<br />
~''L A y, ~ In f.3 , . . "'~q ;F ~li4y, . .<br />
. ~-:, :;v ;--,<br />
. . . .l; t.<br />
A
~ .' fi1':~ .<br />
PF:OTI S DES2RaY PfJRTUGUESE WHI7~ES<br />
IN . ~TG4LA SOUTHER N AFR ICA<br />
Tbe, guerrsla ogax in Angola has spread .,-~ ., ;A renters dispatch carried in Le Monde<br />
tq the, center <strong>of</strong> .the, country ~~ the New ; ,ah January 2 reports : that a Libera-<br />
York fides o~E" rie;' ceml~~r 3q re~~rt.s .~ ~ ., . , .t on Movement spokesman on Radio t3razter<br />
haf~ng' =-corii~~ns~ ;'' th~i~ , pper~at%tins ~~ zaville announced that thirty Portuprimar.i~,y><br />
t~c~ ~t~e .:bq~der~vregians for the gnaw bodies were ;left behind in these<br />
last six yea~r~, the .Angolan guerrilas engagements y , while the guerrillas lostare<br />
reported to have recently scored six dead .<br />
major gains in the central region, far<br />
Pram their reputed base in Zambia .<br />
Violent clashes at several points in<br />
the coastal regions <strong>of</strong> Cabinda in north'<br />
Angola have also been recently reported<br />
by the Angolan'-Peoples Libexation Movement<br />
.<br />
NEW WARNING ON WII~EFt WAR IN SOt?1~{EAST<br />
AS IA<br />
The new year began with a series <strong>of</strong><br />
warnings than Lyndion Johnson is on the<br />
verge <strong>of</strong> carrying the Vietnam wax into
GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued<br />
Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, ox even<br />
China . The warnings came from critical<br />
senators, former generals and govaxnment<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficials, who are in a good posS, ..<br />
tian to t~now clhat Johnson is up to .<br />
Lieut, General James M . Gavin, retired,<br />
referr~,ng to Eisenhower's proposals<br />
for a virtual invasion <strong>of</strong> Laos<br />
and Cambodia, said December 29 ;<br />
"I can't .conceive <strong>of</strong> them being said<br />
without briefings Exam someone in the<br />
Pentagon . So<br />
dp ."<br />
thiso . . . .is what we are<br />
going to<br />
Earlier in D`~emb~r, Roger Hilsman- ""<br />
farmer Under Secretary <strong>of</strong> State for<br />
SoutheaJt As :an Affairs, told a iiF?w<br />
York audie^ce that the "present situation<br />
cv .~.ll lead ~:.nexorably, unless our<br />
present rJ~b;jectives are changed, to a<br />
?`rid war in North Vietnam ."<br />
Sc:~ator tJa;%ne Mors~,~ said in a Janua~.=~<br />
:~ tr:~~~: .sacan : ~~.~'~^~~view that U . S .<br />
was I3E , *ded for a war with China . The<br />
N~:~ra ~.~-~c ~=~ost reported that Morse said<br />
au~^'o~`., ~ waaw~" Gnrot be ~NOn either with<br />
" . -~- .c . .;:-~ . " .~ ~~ or nur.~--~~ :w ~aeapons " ~<br />
Pa!~e . , . . . . . .10<br />
and that "if war With China did come,<br />
that America would have 3,000,000<br />
troops in China within three years .','<br />
Morse further decYaxed : "I am shocked<br />
at how we can walk out on all our moral<br />
ideals in connectia~i with the way we',re<br />
prosecuting the war, We'd better ~~r3n<br />
it, because, don't'foxget that only defeated<br />
nations axe tired, and if we<br />
should lose it the verdict <strong>of</strong> the world<br />
would make .the Nur~mburg trials insignificant<br />
."<br />
000 GUERRILLAS REPORTED IN WEST<br />
IR_IAN ,__IND4NES IA<br />
A new outbzeak <strong>of</strong> majox guerrilla activity<br />
in Indonesia is reported in the<br />
January g issue : <strong>of</strong> the weekly New'~~"~"sweek<br />
Two thousand guerrillas are said to be<br />
operating freely irk the jungles around<br />
Sukarnoptucna, the ca~~ital <strong>of</strong> West Irian<br />
(formerly, Netherlands New Guinea), and<br />
other. population centers on that island .<br />
Indonesian gunboats have reportedly<br />
shelled'smailer tows°s and villages which<br />
have risen against tie bloody dictatorship<br />
<strong>of</strong> General Suha~rto . Newsweek reports<br />
that amid spre~dit~g fighting, the<br />
guerrillas have blocked the, flaw <strong>of</strong><br />
food supp3.ies from the ''in~eriox to gov,ernment-controlled<br />
s+a~tled areas .<br />
"- Pl .oae Ctip and Mpit to : """<br />
P .a . ~px a~di .<br />
Emeryville ~rqnth<br />
Onkld~ ;~~ ~Cd'i'i'iai,aia<br />
N~aYn"<br />
;i<br />
oddrwss<br />
~~1 ; .. Pisdp~ ~<br />
Enc "oswd Xou YVi1i l~ie~! ;~<br />
,~: ::i: ... . : . .":.<br />
., ., ca : ~r ',
. . .b~._...~.~ .~.,.. .,~,m.. ..,.~<br />
Page : : . . : : . : x :<br />
~e Wife,, . Lovers<br />
One or More Wives<br />
(Undexcov~r)~<br />
.»Q~r<br />
Y ~' ' ( In the men ~<br />
T2~e, ;"hz~~p~iy marx .?~ed"., ;Fura~eans ~nd .~mer~cans who secretly keep apart ments<br />
fc~z th~ii~~~:o+ctQ~s mayr:s~~~r a~ caunt~~~a ~heze men have . more than one; legal<br />
w' ..~`"e, but when the~fa~~-t~ axe examinied', w~i~h .are the nwze maxal? ~~ .<br />
_<br />
_~~i~s .<br />
. searching quest on wh3eM invo~.v~~~ ~ po7,yga~y cats . ; oni~ Viand and one wife<br />
1us "outside laws interests" on the athe~ dad 3.ar1A51 ~aia~uec~ r~r~calists th~eiugh~<br />
d ,,, ;,, r ~<br />
~xll~dn`szconaider, p, olyg~m~--the pra~t~.~te .a<br />
. .<br />
the 2~a~ r~s -b~ -they pad,a~ncrur$ ,<br />
> > , r.<br />
.f h~v~.n9 maze thin one wife ae ~~<br />
gair~st theiz~ ~`imorah code, l''he hold that its ~ oP].~ ptuc~ose is t#~e gr~tificatigp<br />
<strong>of</strong> tree lusct <strong>of</strong> ~Che male ~,nimai~ ~ '~~" '<br />
But md~y <strong>of</strong> the same western' ma~crle~ men who ~ ccr~~le~ polY~amY spend evenings<br />
aitaay ~frotn - hone ~a.~ " .business ma~texs" vnh~.~ch ccrn~ sl: gf romantic interludes ~n
SOiU%. S IS'~l~''<br />
r<br />
r .,r<br />
POLYGAMY LT;~~SUS MONOGAMY<br />
Continued<br />
Page . . . , . , '12<br />
Though it .is commonly agreed that the practice <strong>of</strong> polygamy is on the way out<br />
it is still by na means obsolete .<br />
Searching for facts on the marriage customs in Africa, I asked a young "files<br />
A:~ri can vahom I had been led to believe was a participant 'in a polygamous maic.=<br />
riage, what he thought about polygamy as a national custom, He promptly shot<br />
bac; :<br />
"We axe no more polygamous than those men in your country who hav~ aparrments<br />
for t:~air lovers on Fifth Rvenue . Our acts are legal under Mus13Mg ]~atv and<br />
customary law . It must be agreed to by the families . Polygamy is ~ very good<br />
~.n .si;itution . It is a very unselfish institution ."<br />
f_~ n, nore calmly, he ^gadded, "polygamy is basically an associa~tiorl <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ric3z, You n
P<br />
SCl.°n.. 5 ~S~A °<br />
?+. BLA{~PC ;, ;~a_ SINE ft7r BLAC:~ P5C)FL,<br />
I'&~ : , Articles<br />
t2rt :" iewG<br />
POL~:GAMY VERSUS P~ROPdOGt~.MY"<br />
Continued<br />
P? cl: ox it :ci~:'~z rNas icxzaped u, c~ra l~;x.u~nah and . Ghana ~ash yea:: hecaase e~f a<br />
G,~hi~cn., p~tp~ i.° Ua~a~.c:~? ~Yie G'~Gria Gu~r:~c;Anm4 :it :cazeased thz~t w~;s in',;er preted b x cut<br />
siei~:rs as ., app~:u :.irg <strong>of</strong> g~l ;re~~ir;fc~ta.s taaxxiagi;s .<br />
4 :-G;~~;.a~.1Y~ f :Y~=: ,bJ.~:i'L2 "apes: Z~:~..d nothi.n e~ <strong>of</strong> ~;he sv~t .<br />
:? .rl ^_F^. ii?~~G~ : ~ '?°U a'~'Uad t~'12 . ~Sc~'S7Li1~al% 7f G:e7: ta7a1 '~CEA~;c?S y<br />
Page . . e . . . , , ~.3<br />
wr~at . ..t~api7~rrc: ;1 wav 'that. .<br />
merr~ e~u~~~~.a ~.1a~.ia 3 or 4<br />
urcn~ . cvi:~~ d . . :r¬r°., xrgistex .<br />
s~,ia v : : ; :., W , ~ ei :_~~~:~~-~ :a ."; ,~ i .z 'vd~: . ~;~ f2pzr al3.xec~~r~ ~i~~a<br />
arid' ~.iece~ ~,~~-. fo~~ - ~?al.y t~r'a2 wife<br />
ii1L5 y 1.3'lf: CjL'.S ~":.Z.f7i1 <strong>of</strong> F"J i i t ~ .~:r : . i3F f:£Yi7t3.r2 :r.9 tQ fJE c~rY a~ca' caf ;- 'wicie d:C :+[?i :~`Gao In<br />
~~^ex'~~. :?xr . 4~xeas c~f Africa ~~r~xe are those wTx-o 'helie~e it h;~s g~.^e~":~3;er, ec~orxora;~c<br />
~d~:c,tn'i:~~~ ~- . a%~ci i., a .-a .a :a.c :~..~ f, .~r . .j.~a,~,.rk ~a~.n ..,~:g f~~ :i?:f cr,~.~dar3 w :," ,
PURNING SPEAR<br />
Page . . . . . . . .I4<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
Hannibal is said to have been the most brilliant military .genius <strong>of</strong> all time .<br />
At 26, he executed and accomplished what, in his day, was truly impossible,<br />
Born in 246 A,D ., in a wealthy seafaring nation and descendants <strong>of</strong> another<br />
great <strong>Black</strong> people, the Phonenicians, Carthage was the center . <strong>of</strong> trade at that<br />
time . Carthage traded with India, people <strong>of</strong> the Mediterranean and neighboring<br />
Isles and, <strong>of</strong> course, traded with other-people <strong>of</strong> Africa .<br />
Rome, which was only 100 miles from the beautiful, black wealthy shores <strong>of</strong><br />
Carthage, naturally envied the richness there and wanted a piece <strong>of</strong> trade. Diy's<br />
Soon war erupted between Rorne and Carthage (the first <strong>of</strong> dire° wars between<br />
Rome and Carthage called the .Punic Wars) in which 53eily was lost to Romans .<br />
Though the Carthaginians suffered that defeat, her people were soon 'roused<br />
by Hamilcar Barca--the Lightning, who led his people on to a series <strong>of</strong> b~illiant<br />
victories . His nine year old son, Hannibal (with the spirit <strong>of</strong> a born<br />
warriox) then pledged to bury the Romans beneath the sand dunes <strong>of</strong> the Sahara .<br />
Just seventeen short years later, Hannibal had become supreme commander <strong>of</strong> the<br />
army, and went on to unite all his people and dust all his local enemies .<br />
Spain and F~ance, plus the savage white tribes in the axea, also were subdued<br />
by this brave black man . Even more daring, with just 80,000 men and 40<br />
elephants, Hannibal decided to revenge his people and bring Rome tumbling down .<br />
Even though Rome had a mi113.on men in its infantry a superior navy, and was<br />
virtually impregnable because <strong>of</strong> the frozen Alps which provided a natural defense,<br />
she still shook in her. white knees at the thought <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> retribution .<br />
Check now ; Hannibal and his soldiers were<br />
used to the weather <strong>of</strong> the tropics, were unmerically<br />
and physically outnumbered, and<br />
had not even seen the Alps nor could they imag<br />
.ne the dangers to be encountered; the<br />
freezing weather, frozen paths, incredible<br />
precipices which meant instant death if one<br />
fell, and savage cuhite tribes lurking behind<br />
the rocks . This was incredible : No ~vprye<br />
dared cross the Alps, except Hannibal<br />
But before he even reached the Alps, Hannibal<br />
met an array <strong>of</strong> whites guarding the<br />
Rhine river which he had to cross . The<br />
Hunkys had the numerical advantage, plus<br />
they did not need to cross the river . Always<br />
thinking, Hannibal sent part <strong>of</strong> his army<br />
some few miles down vhe a:iver .where they<br />
crossed safely . A1. a signal, Ha~a3.bai<br />
crossed the river and was met full force in<br />
the front by the enemy . Hannibal's other<br />
soldiers then attacked the enemy on its<br />
flank and caught them in a trick which<br />
what looked as defeat into victory, bold<br />
tactics into brilliant strategyr The Alps<br />
were next°<br />
---- . . . .-,,<br />
Hannibal and hia soldiers found themselves fatally unprepaxed for the blizzard<br />
cold <strong>of</strong> the Alps . Many <strong>of</strong> his men froze to death, or fell to death on the<br />
high ridges . About halfway, Hannibal and his soldiers wexe met by a hostile<br />
white tribe which let loose boulders on the army and killed many men who were<br />
unable to defend or cover themselves on the narrow path . Unable to progress or
a<br />
.y . . . " .<br />
~ .a8 :i' ' ('IS:'~..~ ;' ; ~.I<br />
.i,} .fr(J~j . . 'fl(~l~~w : ~ ffl..i :y~'<br />
tr rrr,r~<br />
, :`I'1 ~ {~~<br />
_~.~--,._k~URlya'NC._s`FE~. _ Page- 2-- Hannibal " . .~: r , , . :<br />
i<br />
.<br />
.<br />
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re~xeat, th~,s~,~~~x3~~.liant <strong>Black</strong> : strategist lay ;d~~d a few day . ° :bTe ~~ . i rat~±elf<br />
~ .~is<br />
.~ ''tint r . . ,<br />
tn~t the hunkys- .,retired ~ every evens « at tl~e ,~ sine tatnae -a~hd o.~~.y-=xstuztxed,,~~ ` ;, .<br />
dawn . Bc._ . :~zg . his plan upon these fact~",,and knaawl;~d~e . <strong>of</strong> th~~ eneu~ies' c9~felns±~,~, : .'r(7 . .<br />
Hannibal . and his ent~.re army swooped :past .t~?Q ~nram3,es' guard ; shortly after t~eyf' .~"<br />
"'ietixe~: .: 'Though the . enemy : was ;aleacted, and .,~ti~.~, managed -~Q : trill many . Qf t~ ; . ;~ f .<br />
t~'oops, H~;nnibal and 'the majority <strong>of</strong> ,.the .~o~.d~,ers stall e~prv ved plus ,his, ~.~ .<br />
eleph~. ;r~i;~~ $ ar integral part <strong>of</strong> has ax7my, y. r,`J . . .<br />
Fuxthe :: m;'s.sfor une ,gnsue.d : wk~en anctt~er . ts;in . trfta~" ; p e:tar~ded ;fx~.,e~r~d i : ,<br />
~ Rr .<br />
and e~. z~ht , many moare . , <strong>of</strong> Hana~ibal s ., ~ tro ~ . ~ ..i~:;.a a . ., Only 213 ~.I~fiQ l:<br />
cal.var~i : <strong>of</strong>. , the .or~t,~. nal, ~O ;Qt3~ mep ~~rvsved :-,--.but., ~~n~n~bal .'; d .~~hc~ ~r+~~~:'~ A1 s . .<br />
~ :r J :<br />
and a,c~~:.~;~lisheii ther,~.zppo`s;~~.ble ; ., ~,:. ;~ : , . ~"1,, ; ; . : , , ; . :<br />
F~ome shook tq death .; Tt .e whole w~id : ;gasped ~a~~;r a~k~d, , s,~w ~ at k3a~#~~d~:= teen a ,<br />
~f~ r<br />
"<br />
~ , ~<br />
. .<br />
th~"se "B~actc people,wY~o, .,cur's think-~ . impassible, then do i "~ ~" .: .'r.~; r ; :, . ,<br />
"Rome, xmmcdiately moba.l<br />
.'rl<br />
zed alrh:~ <strong>of</strong> :~ts~ ar~~.~r r~ ; ,er~e wp:. : ita, ~ce"~sis~ .<br />
om Carthage hoping to persuade ., H~r~f~br$.~, ,w~ ,w rF~s~ yy; w~eak r ~r~" ~hum'~ex to ~~,t~~<br />
turn home . hnstead, Hannibal gat~iere~d aal ~1~3,~ M.':an~ $,did ~to his ca~pt,ix~ee :,_<br />
that tize;y would J .J<br />
have to fight fax the~tr~ l~ ~e =. :..~~~,, .c~aPti.~ss ! .f . whoa re~aaainec! , ~- ;<br />
live covy.d go . ., free with +a bag <strong>of</strong> gold o~.~t~o~,x~,~_~.H~;npib~l and ~~~°,,~mme_ <strong>of</strong><br />
gaadies . t~f,,e~ .the, capta.ves had battl,a~t~~.a~,h- atMer, Hst~ipib~I . kepi . '<br />
~<br />
hd.s ::=~r~a~m3s<br />
and gztr~: ~so?.d<br />
. _f t~.;<br />
to the Apes who lived . ; ; . ,.,<br />
Hanr "c~ ;~ t 'mod to~,h e e and bo as ~ ~ ~"~~3~u~,,~, ~~$1~~ ~ ~ ~r~.~<br />
~ .,her~. . . m p s ~ally' rapped t4 i~ m~n:~ ~ -<br />
were I~.k~: captives ~.n a starange land fac~~~~13;th ~~~~h~1f~~1~ ern~my wiith pp~ r~ to<br />
cur:' and r ~~":~s axe to hide and that tl~ey wQU~hd:1~~,:~,,~4,~a 5tht . ~~ . 1~~teir :1f~.=~~~ ;,<br />
would- uhY~;r d~~? Those <strong>Black</strong> men ', chose,>tt~ '.f hr~.4 ;~ ¬~; ,~th~ei~ ~~ _ . ; ,~ ~Iat~~+5~E ~1~d e floe,.= :<br />
Ir a: ge .:~y . -~:.:~ Rome had , ever ~broug#~t to battle . ' ' - , . :~ :~ ,f(7 .1 , .<br />
t^Jwth c~c~ux..~;c(e, sag~,nity,, and <strong>Black</strong>, bzain ;p~~!e~ :~~ ~~n~aibia ,:-th ug~t.~9:~t.=;h~~ ..;e.~r - ;.<br />
te~y and za^~:ics . t~om~, owexcs~n~ident <strong>of</strong> ~ nn; l! ..., ~~_~ ~~. ~na~1 .r "~ yv ° a~ta~~~dr~ : r,, t<br />
when -( ;w%: :~. :1 ~a~appened, and Roman ~ troops ~mam~a~. :~~k, . .~~, ~~~fth<br />
r. .<br />
~, ~a1, ~las~d .<br />
in on a . "Ex~ ; flanks . and stamp®ded with hia~ e1c~p~~rat'~t'Car~ , rf<br />
~ ~ ~ ~f'1 ` ~tN3~ft . s~~~tth ,~si~ the .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
white ta:r~~ :~s '.~,nd : the hands <strong>of</strong> Isis B1aatE ~wuzd~men~ ., ~'~ '' i :.fast., ;'in-; ~ e , `,<br />
tl~, kc:ma~~ b~ ood. funned the xiver.,,~ufidi~t~medf,an~,~, oc -<br />
1h.~~ Teas e:ne <strong>of</strong> the many miraculous def~atts~, :^o~,,r ~ "~~a~~. .,..`~'<br />
man `c° .':~rx give who was determined to st~Yive, Ba~~tuc$e~~~~''eC<br />
moxal7.y, psychologically b and militar:~7,"y ., I'"er:~aaps -the Qnl<br />
mace: was izot to follow the advice <strong>of</strong> :,i~:as -ger~ersls :and at<br />
itael :>:. -~ :a~~a.s br~.nging down that wall <strong>of</strong> beastrom,<br />
He ca~c~.da ? to pillage the land and wdi.d : so virfual7.y ,ur~d~;<br />
until die k:.~a~d rumors <strong>of</strong> a planned attaal~ by., .<br />
Romans '~~ nvkaide~,~a~.~hage3 `~ Hant~ ~<br />
bat ~.my;,-e~ :i~.'~;c- Iy tuacned to the city, Romp,. , ~s he~s st~drod ..,an the ~:hi~la.~w ~ :.<br />
.<br />
I<br />
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y a~ueh~~l ic e<br />
,ma~ta~Ce ~t~r~3,l~atl<br />
k ~c~ ( they - city<br />
oo~ti q<br />
the rw~~.t ;~,<br />
''.a~<br />
sun stood still, clouds refused to move and b'xds , stopped :;~hat.ter<br />
ng whi'l~ t~xe wind tiptoed through the ,gr~a ts .~ .. ?Ha 3b~]:"'{~ f.ac~r~u~id~ ~x'.,~ity<br />
on hxs elephant and all Rome had a shit :fit . but ~°t~t~rr~, H,a~nxb~l ~~r~ai~e,~s°hadars~ g<br />
figure xc :~^ded into the hills and all ~4me .e<br />
sigh<br />
rrl~. rl its ~i breewt~` ire a d~<br />
Thereafter:" , for thirteen years, Hannibal roamed all over ~t~ly~ .°~tn~d ° cls, m~rd<br />
somE <strong>of</strong> fi ,~ ,~~ealth partly stolen- from Ce,~r^bhaige-. C3nly bsr:~%~ . t . :s~=~t.s x':;was<br />
in ~~~.~ ~". ~ a, ~~. ~:.onda,tion did Hannibal leave: :Italy :;~d re uxrr~ .~l~a ,. ~ :~D ; i c. ;. ,~e<br />
<strong>of</strong> ~ar ~~, : ^^~ ~~aere so disunified that all <strong>of</strong> Ha~nnibal's e is t<br />
uns,~c ~ °~ v'e :~~:~ ~ " . ~ .Soc~, r;gafterwards, Rome had been abl~~~~ t 4V ~~~~o!<br />
s~ ; ::e.~g~= : .~ :;~~. again made wax with Carthage and took advanta e <strong>of</strong> the people's<br />
d s~.iai~; ;r,><br />
lose: uo~ :z?~<br />
Esrave a IIlack Hannibal fought, till deep its his s xties . Though he<br />
::'^wisive battles he continued- to cook . When he died, even the world<br />
had ~~ ~~ ~;. .~ :'."4 rc?c~ledge the passing <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Black</strong> genius :<br />
~J'r
n ::u'v .t. .' i :, . } . . .l .,C.', r . . f t:? r: t".~ .i. '<br />
all'~~that' ' mi's's '-' '~'g=a~-nst :;~~he ?~.8). :.r,~Onr~f`r~<br />
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!1Ko, - .<br />
fitmrr " sctY~y . Gairexnm ~ti t soPsiLat ~ailowed to'~ interfere' ~ im . ~ ~ .<br />
11'~'fC'~- .-u,~ . x i C'~r- yr y , ;.<br />
~~ , "N~r~-no,'' :t.{ltis;` prot.este,d, ~tna3~l'i .G~~~~~ ~ .:<br />
peen xeadi'ng in .' ahe~ p~tP r~~°:~!ti?dwr ~~1fte?~,<br />
px ests beenY : ::st,ir;x'i;~g up `;Mt~,cf~tb~ :'e, ~fd+~''<br />
I'm going to take a machine gun, and<br />
blast th+e -he11-' vut <strong>of</strong>'..the~m:"<br />
The;, Indutcticnh~ Officer wa.nced .at~d' wr~~e : :`<br />
sameah ng , on~ the letter : in front ~;df 1~~'im~.~<br />
oils Doss zrrTO zHe ARMY ;: ., .<br />
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.cam, thicaugfi : ' 'Mos'~ wi~fe~`los'~' in deer 't,<br />
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thau~h~t .<strong>of</strong>f<br />
i~txrtnur~d~i tierdC~~F~S:~t~"~Co t'he~:r .<br />
~e <strong>of</strong>f~Cef eased what .h~ had put on<br />
:<br />
biddies . .` the "lotter'; r' and, `yvr<strong>of</strong>e son~etk~inq . e~:se,<br />
A'b bad-'s'hd~~.dered "~~r ~"it~ : .<br />
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ris ing duty here im<br />
Yeah,.,<br />
.. , , "f, h~ s~idy ~scr~;tc~i3~ng beh~.ad ~;h-~.s'' t}~e` Uni,te~l Stag where you ` c;an be . :close<br />
ar aiiii Pt~1'li~t~'~' ot~f : ~ - ~_<br />
. h'~s~~ . i~rilt~~=ti~o~a nat ' ..<br />
to ~lomet~'' "<br />
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n ~ the ~~''my. . ' .,~ ~ = , i~r~~,~.<br />
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; Otis - sa~.d'i ; ^~~ei~nir~g .<br />
~tiI , vv'~n^~`ed.:~te ~ ~ ~+~~ ` ~M.~i . . C1eah , up<br />
~ t ' if-I co~xld ' rat - seat c~v~x tl~~'r~~~t© ~~i~~ ;. . ~, .<br />
9' f1 -at-_<br />
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- . . t~aia a ~ minute .<br />
+~,, esent-~'~~ s Viet l~einn? "''<br />
Ot.~s nodded ;<br />
: 'f1~Lat''s' .`:'cuf artt~ ':' ~th2 ;fi'nducti+'yrY, ,.Q,<br />
ffi~t~ ~: e hs ~ :d<br />
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dust''t~vantto''help~: "my` . couiri~txy : that~ :~ ui ;C'~ ' `right now<br />
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Why<br />
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sll, ~~.~ .<br />
; Qtis s~idt "f 'ght ng °°them , a~here~"<br />
Bud+fti~at pxa.~~ s` ~ that ~'-ve b~eti talk, n~<br />
i~ganing to have a<br />
about t~a't;, "" Otis<br />
pet stafioned in o~ie<br />
babes where L can be<br />
em, p1a~e~ where they<br />
`f<br />
°t~grx~c"ed that me and<br />
ends oould go around<br />
~th2~t ,,.place ' in nothing<br />
~'-'Y`~',u,'~~~t;:~t~~ 'stain ed "sam~~.k~~h ~~ on ~.he ~:ettex as~ hey<br />
P<br />
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~~nded~ 3.t` ~iack t~ Otis .<br />
. : ~'fiehT: Ydtt what ~ t~ he sai.da rtW e z re a lit
The ,I~~wrea Af~,ons .gat th~e~.r thing ta~eth~~ with ,their latest recoxdi ,ng <strong>of</strong><br />
;;,<br />
We're ~ w~.nne~, and never let anybody sayv<br />
That we can r t make it - , cause the peoples . :' . : in3nd$ ~ 3,<br />
No more ;tears, ..da,we cry,a iwe have finally dried au<br />
And cue're ~rniGv~rio on-'up " .<br />
Laved Y~eve ~cy,~;; we're movie' on up<br />
We're l~vitig' pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> those alert thatr-'°we" :r, .~ ; true<br />
And vue're~ mo:vir~' an .up. . , . ,<br />
have ;meroy, -we' xe movfn " an up<br />
~~d eviybody tcr~ows . the tru~~f wee
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.11rrWl" , . . ,.<br />
MMa0.0.RCUS GARVEY : BLACK. FATitlptx ~rr~ . ~ ,~f`.K PdW~,R ~# )<br />
~~ ARCU5 GARVEY WAS ~ORIV-SIN THE ISLAND OF JAMAICA,<br />
SRtTISM WEST tND1ES~ ON THE i7 TN DAY Of AUfIVb'Iw ,--- .I R:.S 7 ~ ~t IS ~ .110tNER ANp<br />
PATH ER WERE SOTN IILACK AFRICANS WHOSE ANGO TORS , WE11E tllpUallT TO TN AT<br />
PART Oi THE WORLO FROM AFRICA AS l~.AVES IIr .WNJ-T~ CNRIiYIAN Ett'AOPEANS .<br />
MARCUS GARVEY'S MOTHER<br />
WAS A SOlE R AND CONSC IE NT'I O US<br />
LADYE, WNO "tCAME VICTIM OT' THE<br />
EuROPEAy~S RELIGION-CHRISTIANITY .<br />
TRUE TQ ITS PURPOSE<br />
REN06R6D NER<br />
CHRISTI ANITY~ TOO SOFT<br />
,<br />
AN,Ps AS IAARCVS ARVEY ~AS<br />
,.-mar.:,.<br />
. Y g ~ .R<br />
xo a ~ r<br />
iN SpITE ,, 4)k~.<br />
THE 6011TRAOIC~<br />
CON~R11f10N `PR61~EN7~IF<br />
TO MER RY CNRlSTt AN "fiYP IARf .<br />
GARVEY WAS A STRICT NVIIANI~<br />
7AR1 AN .<br />
LATER ~! +~Qi O . r<br />
~~ .~cR`~~ ~ ~~, :2<br />
FOR THE TIIAE S<br />
O U R 1 t1~9it ; ~111I1t', ~ :~;r '<br />
.:. .Nc7i P ;l, . ., ..7FrO C(' .hr~a .l' . 'YU!'.~~:<br />
,CbCf<br />
S.r1t ~"J~h<br />
SN6 COVLD 66 SELN VA4t~~ O " "b'{i'tf,IT1S1<br />
f't 1!L<br />
O fTL N NURS " N d TII~Et t~;rwRtlc .,, ~!xr ~;"e" ri~Dt`!I ~ 1 Rr+o ~~' I~Y~,' r..~<br />
% . fir<br />
LS<br />
N~~s 60L1T `<br />
ASSISTING THE NEEDY /Afi11LI DETER° M ~~~i<br />
"!~`~~ tt~ ~t<br />
I<br />
. ~,. .<br />
c~J Its<br />
v r .<br />
~I~el~io~; ``tt~F i~~~4<br />
r IN NER t3 .d1`f~IMU .NITY~ vSNE WA6 ALWAYS TO YIELD _ ._ ." -<br />
YY'I~c1.1N0 TO RETVR~1 A i'IAILE lrib'R~A " LOW , .;<br />
~6LEIV~h N11AiELf<br />
y r ~la'H"~~<br />
AND SESTOYI 'I~NA'R~ITY' UPON '.<br />
HEII EN[h11t8 .<br />
.~ ~ ,<br />
TO TM1S iTRANb6 COli1~<br />
II" MATION ~1,II .iMRS .<br />
GARYEY~ MARCV :S<br />
GARVEY WAIT "ORN .<br />
.<br />
:L :.1. : ; .<br />
MARCUS GAI't°YEY;'S FATHVR Vs1A,5<br />
A , NtANI . .OF ,Q~~ .RE-A'1' ~1'NTE4LEC T AND<br />
. .<br />
a~+ sH ;sNO couR O6 .<br />
' is .t : ~ ~<br />
::>df<br />
. aO..R f A 1 N Ad~:~ .'~'L LAtf<br />
rfL.+ .CiM E"7 , +lf,yl.,Q~C .<br />
y<br />
E;.k~Y ~~i;, TN .~ .IQ!<br />
't:~tsr'. s~ :M4ktrl~~r'~Fs . .FAN,:,<br />
NE WAS A ~ RtiAL1,i.J?r,U~f77!11<br />
INTEREiTRD IN<br />
THE NIf10RY OF<br />
1LAGK PEOPLE .'<br />
TH 1 S PROO'Q,<br />
IIAN DE'<br />
D6D ITRiE1~W < .<br />
TN_6 3REAT~<br />
MAROON :ft,~'K~<br />
OF JAIdA1CA~ WN0<br />
FORCE D THE LNOtirdN<br />
ELAVE " NIAiTERlI TO RESPE<br />
z ,<br />
Rf3NT$ A.Np FREF+Jf;OM,<br />
N W A S :A IME L h~ASIpUi<br />
W~10 KNEW THAT TWE<br />
p~SBES OF BLACK<br />
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P~OFLE WAt) bEtN<br />
R~fS " ER OF TNE1R .,,<br />
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Hflt~SE : 7~' i'; ;Jq '<br />
Candle <strong>of</strong> Civ+lizatian<br />
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The story. behind the recent ax-<br />
Pest <strong>of</strong> l6 leadexs end members <strong>of</strong><br />
the <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> <strong>Party</strong> for Selfl~efense,<br />
Feb, 24 and 25 in Berkeley<br />
sad Oakland is one <strong>of</strong> terxox and<br />
harassment aimed at wiping out the<br />
<strong>Panther</strong>s and hamstringing the defense<br />
<strong>of</strong> Hazy P, Newton ;<br />
<strong>Panther</strong>s ~IFVe talked to are also<br />
convinced . this late$t cra~ci~dpwn -i:<br />
fetal :atiot~ ; v' ~fbr the et~cao~raful<br />
rally "t~dir ~ Newtb~ Feb, .~7+which'ffiasi° .<br />
b~,OdO persons to hear Stokel~~y Car "<br />
michae~:, Rap Brown, James Forman<br />
and°'Bobby Seale -- and to " 'deplete<br />
the Newton defense fund with new<br />
legal. cdsts and bail requirements .<br />
Police behavoir, tended to confirm<br />
the -accueat3ons made'by the Pan<br />
. thexai, In , ~rre~ting six <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Panthex's, Berkeley police publicia~ed<br />
charges <strong>of</strong> "conspiracy to car~azai;t<br />
murdex ." Having gotten publicicy<br />
mileage ,;with ;ahis bit <strong>of</strong> sensa+tionalism,<br />
".{the police then~did not<br />
dare to press the charge when the<br />
six wexe brought into court .<br />
. ,_The 'big ,bust began Saturday afternoon<br />
~ Feb, 24, w ith the arxest<br />
~~ ::°f 10 P t rs : in Oakland, ~a~rrd it ;<br />
a , ~` ;a .~r~r~,<br />
peaked" 'in a predawn' polio ra:~d on<br />
tike Serkeley home <strong>of</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> °Chairm:<br />
;, mao'~ .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
~<br />
. Bobb~r" Se~a1e afii~'~'his wife, ~. . Ar-<br />
" ~C,ae, ~ ~ . . . : . ;<br />
. . . : , .<br />
" . ~ .'SSaturday " 'morixing in Oakland?y~<br />
~w~a~aid a farith2z "scpokesman, :"..a ;~Pan-<br />
.±ther was cha~`}~~,"with resisting ar-<br />
,~-~re~t fox pxotesti'ng~ the brutiliza~<br />
:~,~tion ,<strong>of</strong> a Slack man by .<br />
.mss<br />
~~~~~Sat-<br />
.~ ~x ~. ; aftexnaon ; . ,~<br />
ei~hfi :. ~, ~ Via ,<br />
. . . . ~ ~ v. . : ~ j ~ ~ .m . . . . r ; c<br />
.,<br />
y) . .7t .J {. .<br />
.<br />
.<br />
were arrested Qn charges zanging, :'.;<br />
from using pr<strong>of</strong>anity 'to inciting~a . .:.<br />
riot as they attempted to stop another<br />
br.utihixation . '<strong>of</strong> a,<strong>Black</strong> woman .<br />
And it was less than .12 Mours ~,,~,»~' '<br />
ter that heavily-aimed Berkeley'<br />
cops moved in on the Sea1~s and fouK<br />
other Panthexs at approximately<br />
3 :I5 a .m, Sunday .<br />
"~y wife and I vrere asleep," said<br />
Seale, "when there was this ~CncCking<br />
at the doax . I got up to see<br />
what: , was happeriing~ The hose was<br />
suxrounded by pigs with shotguns . I<br />
°~~ : opened the door and they artaYted to<br />
come in,<br />
Meanwhile, four <strong>Panther</strong>: who ,h,~d<br />
left-the Seale home eax~aer, w+~re<br />
surroutrded by .,there squad cars with<br />
shotgun-totirr~ cops . They wexe ordexed<br />
from the car ar~d spread ea91e<br />
against it, The police, according<br />
to ot~e <strong>of</strong> . .the ; Patithex's irwolved,<br />
decided to 3oin~ the others at the<br />
~, Seals home arid . ' "deputised" a white<br />
standing by to guard the four with<br />
a shotgun,<br />
Seals charged Tuesday afternoon, .<br />
Feb 2~, that 'there white men<br />
assisting the cops h ed been 3denti-<br />
Pied by Panthexs as members <strong>of</strong> trie<br />
Minutemen oxganisat on,<br />
The six were book~d .on ghaiges <strong>of</strong><br />
conspiracy to comet-3, murder, caxrying<br />
a concealed weapon, possessing<br />
a gun with an altered :serial 'number<br />
acrd-a_ ..sawed-gaff shotgun, and carxyinp<br />
a . loaded`-~wea~on in the city<br />
limit
~r "-~* 7 v<br />
THE ~3L,ACK MARKETER - Continued l`~t~<br />
. .<br />
" ;<br />
i<br />
. ° ~~ :; r. u~c) :; 1 :~fY~:<br />
When the six appeaxed :bQfore the<br />
Berkeley-Albany Muncipal; , Court<br />
Judge-Floyd C, Talbotta`Feb .e27 they<br />
found the conspiracy charge had<br />
been dropped pending further loves"<br />
tigation .<br />
,A preliminary hearing has been<br />
set up for Maxch 5 at 2 pan. `cm<br />
the gun vi~l.a:t,~;on charges -~~ t.q which -<br />
\(:t,~1~,YElAR,( ,52 : is;us~r,~1~<br />
w t; .i. ;~. ;, .<br />
all have plea~~l; .!!not qui~ty, .rr a,~.orwyy.~~-----wiw~dYww'~ww-~.w<br />
After his f~~~ 27 court-vappeazT ; ~~, ~ - ~ ~ ~ .<br />
once -- where :.~~ ,-supporters tts~rn~ r rt : ~ .~,"<br />
out along ia~-;t .ht.s~, heime~ted Alameda f : ~. ..:<br />
SWAHILI LB~ T<br />
~cunty deputg : : -.sheriffs. rvarxned. kith ~t c.; .nyvmbani<br />
Mace -- Seale told' . a . ~~,ammed ; . and .% , ;° , . .<br />
. ;~><br />
turbulent .p?~~s$ ~copfe; ~ce . s,,~hat , ; ndog~o .:<br />
since the ._ .,~rests~,,;j ~;rrt~Y~rr°~: ~e has :,- c ,~.<br />
been threatened by the r$cists..in; .; ;umelala~e? -<br />
the community . We 'know who they<br />
are, .n ,r ;s~ : . ors ; ., .<br />
M~fNA11A~ARD S1~A1CS 11t1MSPAPE~ty<br />
EAfy='~h tY . ; . :r'.! . ~ . ._. . :. .._. _~..__ . . . ..._ . . ._ . ... . .- .,.' . CHICl100!. ~t.'b0619<br />
Chock how you wi~firho " rpcaive ; , i'U MAll .SUbSCRMTlCM+!<br />
Muhammad Speaksi~v+spuper .~ -: Q HQh1t'OEtl1+ERY<br />
. . . . . .IILACIC POWBR : PAGE S<br />
Sail fort ~ . . the -wi"six ro~aevset at<br />
$11"y000 fdrv"the Se+~l~s ;~ and .$6,000<br />
for the others »" »~~btiit'~it was~~later<br />
reduced by Judge' Tglbott tv $3,000 .<br />
for Seale arid' ~$1 000'~for the others .<br />
including Artie Seafe, Audry "Hudson, ;<br />
-<br />
Alprentice Car'tear, Arthur ~ Ca trale,<br />
and David H llfard~ g longshoY!esian .<br />
Dale . . . . . . . .<br />
, ;; Enter 'my ~ subscription fo `M11h}AtMMAD ''<br />
SPEAKS: E~i:lased is my moh~y gldar .
THE BLACK MARKETER<br />
THE ORANGEBURG MASSACRE ""<br />
. (Rditor's notes Here is the most<br />
obiect ~.ve~A ~ account we can find <strong>of</strong><br />
wha~ :took place during the height "<br />
<strong>of</strong> the brutal killings <strong>of</strong> 3 black<br />
students and the wounding <strong>of</strong> 54 others<br />
in Orangeburg, South Carolina)<br />
_<br />
;<br />
~ .<br />
'a),<br />
(Orange~bui~~, ,~~,,~reb . iteporter,<br />
Milce~ ;~~l~ap~s~~5fr.',-;~~e'Ea]ai:mQa~e ..Q"frt~=<br />
Amer,~gan~ fowe~li+ea~;d .2%'c~~utyy~~ezif~E~<br />
named rF~», grit ;~~~Col]~~t~s s~''~ !~~.f y tliey '<br />
.<br />
get. . .
T1ie sham elections held recently ~tiurn i~a_`l~a~~= P~i~q~a eyrp~end3~<br />
at Merritt College . in Oakland (Cal-~ t~re~s ` "Tltie :~c~ee~S.~ on o~~~he'El~c~<br />
ifornia) 3.n which the bo~~key admin- tioti Cbm~3atee `wait= ' u~Sh~~~ + .<br />
~<br />
.<br />
.<br />
.<br />
'the:'hY<br />
'J1tdi'c a~l ' ~Couil l`~, : which" m'ove+d to<br />
shat .t`hh,r,1, :! ~ t~~ ~ ~t s ~ ; ` with. the - ~ec~ ,r ;.<br />
ciird °h~i+gl~at~ - .~~+Wnb+~x <strong>of</strong> ~'1`'ibt~s in the ;~~~. . .<br />
gleo~i~rt~ .'' F~ol~:ow~i~ t3~is' actio~t°'by<br />
the''":~'udicifl Coun'cil,~ f3~+~° faculty<br />
3~~rate' , vo~+~d f9~1~ ''=t~o let students<br />
, ~,r<br />
.<br />
handle : th+s` at~~ar~rs~ '<strong>of</strong> -the all-<strong>Black</strong><br />
s~Cudent government, but the racist<br />
administxatian led by Reford decided<br />
to move ova-tie student governwent<br />
by declari,~a~ that the <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />
from the honkey~-c.,ontrooled- pang; ~;<br />
would be . ~p~~aiced in <strong>of</strong>fice until the<br />
'.,,.d3`$pute" was ~e'~tled~~' `But there<br />
was no sue~l~~ "dispute", for the dec<br />
i.on- - . to ~placq. Sis'tex Harriet<br />
Smith and her p~Yty . ,<br />
. , .<br />
. ,<br />
.<br />
"in <strong>of</strong>fice was<br />
made by the~Judicial Council, which<br />
under student government c-e~T^,<br />
has the last say in th+~"'<br />
matter . Secondly, besides fn+~xvening<br />
illegally in <strong>Black</strong> Student<br />
government, Redfosd seated the disqualified<br />
candidates on the Merritt<br />
Council, contrary to all civilized<br />
nations <strong>of</strong> justice .<br />
The M.C . y , prir~~xily an adminis-, .<br />
trative body . c~ltposed <strong>of</strong> facul" y, . .,':;,<br />
administ~cation .~t`embers, and stu tbody,<br />
<strong>of</strong>f~.cei~s, then melt, illegally ~.<br />
to "decide the outcome <strong>of</strong>--tl ti exec'<br />
tion, ~ th the Merritt Audi°t,oax^i~e ;:. ..filled<br />
with angay B~.ack ~lrudcnts,, .<br />
Mwa~iaCilai ~rn3e Ahlen, *C~a~.rma~n b<br />
THE HC)L1~°E- lOf; UMOJA (IJ1V"TZ`f j , . . . .°° ~ . ~<br />
<strong>Black</strong> g~tt~dents in a walkout <strong>of</strong> the<br />
illegal meeting, charging R~edi'ord<br />
"out <strong>of</strong> ' oa~¢er ." <strong>Black</strong> Students<br />
gin st congrega'~¢ `aut~side ,the auditorium,<br />
and' tla~en-bustfd b;aCk into-~<br />
the ~~th`td'f3um ., .<br />
; . .~,tuxnaing. ,,. Pt~t"~, -the .<br />
meeting . Re~~ord`, ,~p ~sik ~,~,`,-th~2-..face,<br />
ran <strong>of</strong>f the stage with ~''tfie .rest <strong>of</strong><br />
his ._Merri.tt Zoo K~p~e~~ ~.n~ ; f^i13ng<br />
persuit, and 81-a .,p~ple-.fin held<br />
their own meeting where the entire<br />
election farce was run down,<br />
The next day, tt~4 Merritt Co~A~^`',''.<br />
held another meeting, this time in<br />
private, and moved to intervene in<br />
student affairs by placing the dis-<br />
istration intex+~aened in 'the placing<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> peppig iri the studeng gove~-nment<br />
have - now : : ended Sin a com-<br />
'ple~te de~ba~le : Honkey;~ aye pies"<br />
era~.~~. ;~ ..-,chargi.'ng that :- 'w~3~ ack mili<br />
tar;fi:s" hdve th ceateried-, them with<br />
"ass~a.ssination'' ~un~~~ss they give up<br />
t'-a~;ir positions ` in the . tudeng government,<br />
a~hd 'they attempt to sup<br />
por t their position , bpi stating `:~~~:a' .<br />
se~JCnty let.te~ g ncl "~hyeical<br />
assassination" wee sent to all<br />
,:~-embers <strong>of</strong> -the governing body,<br />
from <strong>of</strong>fices to members <strong>of</strong> the<br />
~-t~adent Council .<br />
In fact, sister Harriet Smith, av<br />
Mack militant and the rightful<br />
pxe :~ident <strong>of</strong> ASMC, life was t3~rreaten~:~:<br />
and brothers from as far as<br />
L . A, have been guarding her,.house~<br />
t . ~~i person since the election faYaa<br />
It ; is°~- our . opinion that these<br />
charges were brought foar~h_ . .to hide<br />
~~hese facts .<br />
The elections held at Merrit Colc?c!F<br />
was held on January ~~~~a . .<br />
2~z :~ .~~-nc~ in the e?ection~-~eas F '. ~~;~x ~ .<br />
Ha~:~xet Smith along, ~ ;w°i~t~h other-;<br />
Ef .~ck people from hey . ~arty,~, A ;<br />
Yw3~~ :i ~e--controaled group ~ c:~x~a:~n" :.-+r<br />
<strong>of</strong> ;nnakeys and a sprinkling°~' <strong>of</strong><br />
"well-meaning" l~egroes aXsa ;` ran: : in<br />
the elections ., ,<br />
A.ccording . , ", . to the admi,ni~stra'tion, -<br />
the honkey-controlled group won the ;<br />
~~~c~tion, but . the fact- is . ' .~ ~~~efn- .<br />
1, :~-s <strong>of</strong> the Election Committee, were<br />
n~ ;t - . allot~ed . to count .. the ballot .<br />
Who did, then, count 'tlie ballot.? . ;, .<br />
~t was the honkey administration<br />
~. . : . ,e~.f which .- c e t~~.bal],cts,<br />
and <strong>Black</strong> students ;who were to'have<br />
done this . job : . :wire . ys:tetnati:Galiy<br />
e:x.^lulled . from, the . rosm. ._where the<br />
taK~k was being carried out : ~~ -~ Sb<br />
qu~,et ~, as it's kept, nobody really<br />
knows who won . Meanwhile, however,<br />
t~ha !~ankey group was disqualified<br />
by ~rae Election Committee fox campaign<br />
irregularities, the most important<br />
<strong>of</strong> which was its refusal to
THE J~.:ACK MARY~B~FR, - Continued<br />
. . . . . . . .Merritt Elections<br />
qualified candidates ,in ,<strong>of</strong>fice .<br />
qualified - ~anda.datee: in <strong>of</strong>fice .<br />
Since that time, Sister Harriet<br />
Smith, soon, under the:, -pain <strong>of</strong><br />
threats . to . her 13fe~ ,bat'.w3;th tl~e<br />
cap~en support <strong>of</strong> 5~oke~ey Carmicb,aiel, ,<br />
THE HOUSE ,OF ~UMf3J~ : ,'('UNITY ) :.i atad ~ the,<br />
~31ack Panthexs.,, has been . coxssol-i»<br />
dating and mobilizing <strong>Black</strong>Y .Brawn-,<br />
and Yellow -~ students to tat~e . real ~.<br />
B1aci~ Power at `Merritt ~ College,<br />
L~AGK 1~OW~t PADS b<br />
I can da.g ~~ACK POWER : Please send me :,<br />
. ~ 1` year''s subscription . 03 .00)<br />
L"'~ b months subsaription,(~1 :75)<br />
I live o~ztside the San Francisco Bay Area :<br />
,fitl ; yearss subscription (~4:25)<br />
(~ b inoriths subscription ( $2 .25)<br />
NAME .<br />
PHO<br />
Make all checks t0'the <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> <strong>Party</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Northern</strong> Caxiforrita .<br />
: :s~
TICS BLACK MARK&T8R - Contix~ue~ . . ., .BLACK FLT: . P;ACrB °7<br />
fungi I~eded<br />
. SNCC warlcers in Orangeburg hzdv~: the manpower to launch a strong<br />
political pra~ra~n
~. . .<br />
GLOBAL VIBWS ` ~I3L,ACK PdW~ .'~'"<br />
<strong>of</strong> t<br />
clasaif,<br />
groups :<br />
<strong>of</strong>f the'°v<br />
People iph<br />
lix±e A ri<br />
the'<br />
~:.r:a :<br />
1'he <strong>Black</strong> Man Fights ixz<br />
Y~ETNAM<br />
for the White .Man's~fghtaa:;<br />
LYNCH HIMI<br />
:,,,<br />
'.8<br />
THE WH~TTE~ MAN' S SNF.NIY<br />
.~.Inter~riew with Brother Nguyen<br />
::w"<br />
.<br />
-8~~ .;~,eft :~:Vietnnar -.i.n x~b~'' to . st'~dy<br />
vD. _.p~3S ~, `FXail~e~ '`Hfr~. J ~Opo ~7:Qtb+e1' 8 ,<br />
arr~ also iri` Paris . His mother is<br />
stiff.~~i,n' Saigon. Nguyen's "fath~!~tw<br />
was wmauled . in 2948 while fighting<br />
the , Ak~nch impexialists who peace" . .<br />
ded the~~Americsns in Southeast Asia .<br />
"The pre~aence <strong>of</strong> Americans in Vf- .<br />
etnam," said Nguyen, "is not justi"<br />
Pied by the Geneva accords (which<br />
temporarily divided Vietnam into<br />
two hectors ---North b South--"until<br />
electi~pns) nor by the will <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Vietnanlgse people . `'.' . The ~' .Amo~cfcans<br />
are t2~oxe because <strong>of</strong> the Saigon<br />
group who :wants' PO~t eac3 Dt1i,L:AR3 .,"<br />
Ngu~ren , ~Cescic~ibed- the present gov-<br />
e~umen~ :',fin Saigon as . ..~erely . puppets .<br />
`' United States. He<br />
his peopl8 into three"<br />
(1) ~ the:- , pepple who pro~-<br />
want peace and who reaa<br />
is the cause <strong>of</strong> wax;<br />
le wha live as the o-<br />
t~ers a1~t wci'~k fox the National<br />
)aberatibn Facoi , ,, "You can see<br />
`the presence <strong>of</strong>~the . thixd gzoup in<br />
~'he villagos st~d+exed by the Ame-<br />
~ica s as frier:dly, Some nights<br />
he army comes snd easily occu..<br />
pies the village with the help <strong>of</strong><br />
most ; <strong>of</strong> the population . The NLF<br />
-,s ;. . . ... . . .<br />
F,~tIEND , :-.~_ . .~<br />
__ <strong>of</strong> Saigon, Viet~aamj~~.~_ .`<br />
Eiy MasgiPWC ~ A .H,* , ,1387 . : ,<br />
bombarded : Da ;l~a~g with artill~rry~~<br />
installed less than ~. kilometer<br />
Pram the base . It ,~,s i~ipossible fi~'~<br />
stage` ~ an attack ` this ~~ close ~rw;:h.ou~~.<br />
the help .,+~~f the papu] ation ..<br />
"The Na~iai~a]:' L:ibe~r~r~fi~'.Front is<br />
not simply ~ guerril.fa ~inovement"<br />
Nguyett painted aut .. ., When . one studies<br />
the otganizactisrn <strong>of</strong> . the Ari:..F<br />
administration 3n liberated areas, .<br />
you will see it has the s~tructu~e<br />
<strong>of</strong> a democratic state a"<br />
He painted out how the NLr has - .<br />
raised the national consc:icrxsness<br />
<strong>of</strong> the various minorities who previously<br />
didn'±~ consider themselves<br />
a pant <strong>of</strong> Vietnam . "The effoxts <strong>of</strong><br />
the NLF, : to give instructiz~n to the<br />
minorities in the mountains and<br />
bring them the technique <strong>of</strong> modern<br />
agriculture is an examp~,~e <strong>of</strong> the<br />
NLF's ;. concern `for a~a "ch~:> peop~:e~r .~<br />
The Saigon .gogexnment did nothing<br />
for the .minoxities . The Ni.,F don't<br />
segregate between the minorities<br />
and other Vietnamese . As a xesult, -the<br />
minorities have consciousness<br />
they axe fightimg for the whole o~f<br />
Vietnams Before, the mino~rit es 'had<br />
no conscious that their country was<br />
Vietnam. Foac them also, indePe:xdence<br />
from U. S, imperialism is a<br />
concern, ~ NoHr- -~ 4hey see that they
GLOBAL VIEWS - Continued<br />
JvIl~ ! !<br />
t<br />
'. . . . . . .interview<br />
advertisement<br />
axe a real paxt <strong>of</strong> Vietnam,<br />
claimed, "Catholie~s, . Buddhists ;: .;<br />
Lao dai, Hoa Hoa -wow-these-are`wthe<br />
major religious groups)--everyo:re<br />
has conscious : the most important<br />
for them is to unite against U S- .<br />
aggressmon ."<br />
Nguyen clarified the misunderstanding<br />
concerning he Catholic ;<br />
"one thing is, who ;are the Catho :. .<br />
lies??? In 1964, at the time <strong>of</strong><br />
the Geneva accords, Catholic priests<br />
in North Vietnam told the Catholics<br />
the democratic government was<br />
anti,rCatholic : The priests eorav'ineed .<br />
The Catholics to go to South'Vietuam<br />
these are ther refuggees . The<br />
Diem regime convinced Catholics<br />
they had to form an anti-communist<br />
government to protect themselves . w<br />
He told them that an American supported<br />
regime was the only kind .<br />
cl<br />
BLACK POWER : page 9<br />
~IATi(?NA~ aL~GK ANTI-WAR AI~T1- ..~_I~~~' a~,~ld~N ,<br />
100 ~~h Avenua ~ Sui -t e 803 New ~~York, ri .Y :, 1001,1<br />
Phone (212) YUw91313, e~ct,~ `23 . .<br />
..wwwwww w ..wwwww- www ..w- . . ..w-ww ...w .~.~wr.,-ww w ,~ .~rw , wwwwww--w'f'~ ww .~real ..w . ~w.wi .o<br />
I<br />
that wou].d : a ~.aw ;. ~hem to P~aci,~+s~,<br />
theix ;r.el~gian,, .D~eni ; told them ~, .f<br />
A~ne~ica~s, ~e :~t, V~,etna~n ~hexe .<br />
wouhd.be nci'alternative to commuw<br />
nism,~The Catholics beYieve they<br />
had to fight to death for the Americans<br />
or be killed by the comes<br />
mtani.sts~, But this is city the Catholics,from<br />
North Vietnam, Many<br />
Catholics from South Vietnam sup"<br />
port the National :Liberation<br />
Front,<br />
"It is im~ortant ;for people in<br />
the West to understand the National<br />
Liberation Front is opposed<br />
to this and not all Catholics .<br />
There is a Catholic-group in the<br />
National Liberation Front .<br />
Brother Nguyen added, "The'<br />
Buddhimt~a aspirations are the as<br />
the NC,F . The 3uddhists and others<br />
actively support the NLF in occupied<br />
zones . They enabled the NLF to
+::~~LOE3AL VIEWS - +~ : ~tix1 "xed . .` .,. . . , .,BhACK POWER I PAGE Yp<br />
.~ . p : b . Interview<br />
bombard Da Naf~g an~~ . t-he Presiden-~ ""~<br />
tial Palace . The Buddhists in American-occupied<br />
areas cannot openly<br />
demonstrate against the U,S,, but<br />
they woxk hand i~a hand with the NLF<br />
-----they complement each other ."<br />
As we know, the classic imperialist<br />
trick is to divide and conquer .<br />
"Throughout history," said Nguyen,<br />
"Vietnam has been one nation, But<br />
he added, . . , . . ,"Reunification <strong>of</strong> the'<br />
North and South . is-not an immediate<br />
'objective <strong>of</strong> the T~Fational Libera=~<br />
t ~.on Frtpr,~t . . The immediate obj ective<br />
is to get the United States <strong>of</strong><br />
,Amexica out <strong>of</strong> Vi.etl~am, ' ~ After they ~.<br />
get the U,S, out, they will be able ::<br />
to_,~~r~i .Ey r . -" ~ ." Unity . ..ia necessary for<br />
V ~';..'~~~x~~~_ . .,The---~conocuic resources<br />
<strong>of</strong> the North and- .Sxnxti~z~ -comp-1"+emerrt - .-<br />
Each other, The North has minerals<br />
and the South has farming,"<br />
In conclusion, Srather Nguyen<br />
said, "It is inadmissa?cxle that<br />
c~~hite Americans should be racist in<br />
these times . The American system<br />
ltas been built to contain black<br />
peopleo F31ack People cannot be<br />
uc?ccessful if they remain in the<br />
bonds set by the white power structure<br />
. I can't understand how <strong>Black</strong><br />
people can gain their freedom<br />
th ; : ~ L+.:~"~. :ze nose-viol,enee . <strong>of</strong> Marts<br />
Luther King . . , It . a~ ;~.-,necessary that<br />
,all oppxessed peoples support each ,<br />
other' arld,form an anti-imperialist<br />
b~c+~ck atld fight U S, ,,aggression ana<br />
taa~: r. lackQys, . . . : . . :~" ,<br />
~~~~~c~s~ crow ~ : ~~ ; SS~~S a~.otr<br />
c.rer; rtn rarr.<br />
2~9 ~;ast, 46th Street, New York, N . X., 10(127<br />
Pleas+: enrnt2 me a,5 a sabscriber 1'nr:<br />
Qi~.lvguc~~<br />
A BLACK .1417~t3AxI1VE for Bf .ACK 'PFC11'f .E<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Art<br />
Articles<br />
feevtews<br />
$z~.cx nz va~<br />
b42 Lacuna SC .<br />
San Fre~.ne~i.cao, Cali f<br />
E39a~k Diaio~u~<br />
*DemrKKKraCy" : The main subject taugJxt in Aaw-ican o++d<br />
$otrth African schools (from B hernia)
a~1<br />
l~~ac3a~s
De Gaulle countered by cashing in<br />
France's . . do~.lars for gold . And he<br />
added insult to injury, Instead <strong>of</strong><br />
having this go~.cl put in a special<br />
bin ' marked "fxar~ce" in the sub-<br />
basement <strong>of</strong> :the `Federal Reserve<br />
Bank in ' New Yoxk, as other more<br />
trusting countries <strong>of</strong> the !'lr~ee<br />
world" do, he had it shipped or<br />
flown to Paris for temporaxy intexment<br />
in the vaults <strong>of</strong> the Bank <strong>of</strong><br />
France . Also, he be,~an , to speak<br />
irreverently abat~t 1~k~,e "gold ex-<br />
change standard" udder which the .<br />
dollar ' enjoyed the xole o~ xcse~'r~e<br />
cuxrency, and ~o exalt the ~trai~i~<br />
tional; c,~old s~andaxd, what all<br />
"xight-thinking people" r~owad~ays<br />
xeject as antediluviati~ ~t is<br />
widely acknowledg+~d that ?~~<br />
Gaglle's recent commen'~a en ~tHe<br />
weakness <strong>of</strong> the dollar were ai sigi<br />
nificant factor in the ~igr~~ '<strong>of</strong> the<br />
run on the dol~; t$at ~niiewed<br />
haxd E~ti one' . Hr~eis ¬9¬ ~be t val~am<br />
t~.on <strong>of</strong> the Ehg1i~$ ~~tinf~ .<br />
Bu ~ ~ Gaaiie+~ at~ac~ea bri t~l~+<br />
dollar are by na ~ieatia bis dn~;~i<br />
sins -~--- in the eyes <strong>of</strong> U S . capi<br />
,talism . In 196, h~'had the colossal<br />
nexve to taut Latin America and<br />
urge tie Latin American"nat ~ris to<br />
seek independence from tlie~'`power to<br />
the noxth . what de Gau11e meant,<br />
~.~~x nowsR : ~~s 1a<br />
. . ,~; .<br />
:- .,WHAT IS DE GAULLE AFTER?<br />
<strong>of</strong> caa~se,~,, ,wad that Latin t rica . ,<br />
naticttas ~htaui~ ' rely ire ; ~ Fxancr~<br />
His `~P©l~,c~r,. ; ' began to : pay c~~f this<br />
year, ; . . when ; Peru o~;dered at~~it a do~-<br />
2en Mirage V fie~hter~-bombers and<br />
Argentina bought SrQ AMX-hanks .<br />
Even :-..~mc~re '"ominous," . 'said ~on<br />
gresaman 5elden <strong>of</strong> ~l abama $n a<br />
House speech attacking,"de Gaulle's<br />
d'angera .us for~i~n pali~ , "Dec . 7,<br />
" .~~'le 1~fenCL1 govsxnment. .~7t'~~ not Only<br />
takeh ~o, steps to out tiff exports aE<br />
ma~bi~e~~, txucks, aid . sugar-px+o~ .. . :<br />
ee~sitrq~ ~l~chir~ery tc~,~~astxo~ GtitDa,<br />
it baa ~~so p~"av~de~ gexv~ex~o-ent<br />
ba ltin+~ r credits to finapce<br />
the~i~ '13 S~;f~3 .<br />
~e~ .cl~drn Wkly sugg~s~s that Franca,<br />
"lodits ~~o'~ unfavorabl,y on the mis- ;<br />
chief" ~ .~"~stxo's , guerrillas cause .'<br />
He 3a 'eimost equ~~ly angered by de-<br />
Gaul~.'e+a' . fult~ihutions "against sq<br />
caller! ~ ~~ .. ~, q~~~ression a~ia ta~st<br />
f~ir~~rt~i . . :'Vict Nab, '~ +~nt~ hi a~ eail'<br />
~px<br />
tt~e ~eu~~~3~a~i+~t~ . ' o~ ~~u~~teast ~~ .<br />
s3~i~++<br />
Tie %+leati~y o~ ~~e beneficiaxi~es<br />
f 6~ui~e+ s , "dangerous foreign<br />
poi~~y" is ~pexhaps 'revealed most .<br />
C~,eai~i~r'° in F`xa~ice's latest Middle<br />
switch from aid ro .lsxael ~to<br />
a~c~ent wooing <strong>of</strong>f ; ,,the ~Arebs, The<br />
first, big pay<strong>of</strong>f, reported in the<br />
New York Times, Dec 8, was the
~~iall~~~ a Cd~n~~ .°"° t:~~cd<br />
sa~.~: caf ~.;,.~ sea~ ~orza.~ R^::rage V' a, plus<br />
t~;~,r ;~Is~~r°~; ~~~ ~xr~es id armored cars<br />
to Iraq ~ ;~ ~ ~ zz agreement under<br />
w"r.~ic :~ ~3 Fxnrac.~~ ~overrsiment con<br />
t~ o3lec3 ~i?. ccrrpr~ny is to have the<br />
e~;~~.t ~.w~: :rig~a '~o , seek and produce<br />
,oa3 ~h ~; ,0~'=^ :a :.~~xaxe miles in Iraq] .:<br />
arsd :~,i~3a srY,`"~~~~, m~.1es <strong>of</strong>f chore.<br />
~.n a~9'd tia " ~~}' ;?~a~,d the T3~-mesr , . ;, ;,a. '<br />
,~~a~ ,~ ~~~' ra~~z o~~.' Y4~~panY, the loin-<br />
. ,P~~z?ie- " 'Z~ .~~~~~~isc d~s Petioles,<br />
.wh~r~:h "~-s : "al .'e ' ~~svf~rrir~~nt ~centrolled<br />
f~;va'~'ab~.y ~'! acted . : to wan the<br />
.~.arx~~~~~: oix ~ ~~ :~ ~e that the Ir$qu~.~<br />
haue` : to affex ~_~,- tie . right to put<br />
°~~:~ : . :; :P~~orth Ruin~wl.a field in~Co ~~o- :<br />
d~.rc~~ :~c~~s., . 't~Y~{~ ,`fie1~ , has lieen Com-<br />
,., .<br />
g~7.etc;1`~ " . ~=1~p7Lo~n~ acid is thdught to<br />
~'T; r".~k ~Lk~, ~, *. ~ :f. ~ ~'.~7.';~I'1 ``d:S3T'~5 Of Oil e<br />
~[:Lt;i .r ,e~ ''~.j .; ,c,~ ~patch : "The e<br />
racy :::'~~`t~d;.:~: +~~.~~~`~.az~ce a_s the ma~Or pe?<br />
~1^a7~.~i;:;i L ..~a~af i~~ Ta~aq is regaxddtl<br />
~ . . ~:1_;:;~ . .~ . :~a o' 9 r ~tvaxd.: foir Press,<br />
faa ,~ . .C7~ ,~: P,.,.?9.z. . .~.r`° .`'~r '~'," Y .C't',a.~ ..~~ .'.r'.r~S'tiexY'1 P~~+,<br />
3 ~.;y,~ . 'vvl:~:~::~~ ~, ..~ been av~3ng ng from<br />
~ :~: :~< .,a~ ~~~a.~ u7 ; .f .~,r .Laxa:eh to ever<br />
~,a~x- .~,, ~~ -~s_ < :.~~,:~~. .~ i'e~- ;-,'~s Arabs ."<br />
".`".~o.s_3. , o~~~e:;r ' X39 ~xeward may! ~e<br />
,,~: ; .~,~$n ~~ .y.fi~ ;,~, ,'T~~e` whole ca~itai~<br />
~.<br />
,<br />
x ~ ,. v r~ " ~. r~ ~ a ~ ;~ a :,!~~ . ~.ar , hungry, and<br />
a<br />
s ` r ~~a . ~ ;:~ :~ < .~ ~ ~~~3 ~ ;. ~? n ~ ,
,;~ntual defeat to ,- ;thQ loss <strong>of</strong> thesac:ced<br />
. Medicine Arrows to the Paw<br />
ness in 1830, These four-arrows .<br />
~rexe thought to hays great power<br />
for. the males in the tribe . In the,<br />
su~~er <strong>of</strong> 1830, the Cheyei~nes ~<br />
painted far war anc~ went out to t;he<br />
Pawnees . The warrior,Bu1I carried .<br />
the Arzows tied to this lance . The<br />
aa~xows wexe though~c to be a protec=, . .<br />
~:~.on to the ' Cheyennes, in bat tle .``<br />
But a Pawnee grabbed the lance ar~d<br />
pulled it out <strong>of</strong> Bull's hands. 1he-<br />
Gi2eyennes wexe never able to recover<br />
the Axrows .<br />
This is the story <strong>of</strong> the heroi-c ?<br />
men and women on their heroic<br />
journey to their homeland in 1878 .<br />
Most heroic <strong>of</strong> all were those chosen<br />
as chiefs, the leaders <strong>of</strong> the ~Cheyennes<br />
. DuI1 Knife and Little Wolf<br />
led the desperate attempt to save<br />
the last remnants <strong>of</strong> their tribe<br />
?prom being anniY~ilated .<br />
After the Custex battle'~t the<br />
Little Bighorn that June <strong>of</strong> lE"9'6,<br />
the allied war paycty scattered in<br />
all directions, fearful that the<br />
great White Fathex would seek rev2nge<br />
on them . There were preparataors<br />
to be made for the winter,<br />
and -they wanted to avoid more trov~a'<br />
l~le . Dull Knife was the : chief bf<br />
. . . . . .I3LA~K POWER : PAGE ]te;<br />
'<br />
the'-band <strong>of</strong> N xthern Cheyennes, h~.s<br />
band cpmpri-si g;200 lodges with X00<br />
~rarriar~ ; D ,: al , Knife . was ' weary<br />
from f~t~b~t~nq , acrd cat ..,a.. .Qaua~es~ ; ~e<br />
~nfiqunced tha henceforth no member<br />
<strong>of</strong>f, ' ';his'' band would pull a trigger<br />
in . .~attle un].~ess:, fired upon -first .<br />
As ' lDulT Knife spoke, the s~+p:ttfQx~s<br />
were silept, .for most <strong>of</strong> the band<br />
F _,<br />
rk~ad; ', deep, re . ntment toward the<br />
whi ~es ' and were not xeady to make<br />
-<br />
peace :<br />
~-~nr November<br />
T;~er~zie appraa<<br />
' at , xhe head* .,o<br />
the , Ta g Horn ; ..<br />
w;~s .'' really` . . :<br />
Hfrse's ba-rid ; }<br />
when' his scan<br />
enne camps M<br />
dieri~ x nc~a~cly .<br />
and .x~a,,.i~um~er o<br />
x Du~a KKn fe<br />
~1~.3gos and f<br />
'~sa` the only<br />
him: ` L3ut Last<br />
Fox _ ~ Soldier S<br />
critically wh<br />
waxxiori were<br />
voyo~h 'them<br />
a scrip dance<br />
~f 1876, General Maced<br />
Du11 Knife's camp<br />
the Powder River in<br />
untains . MacKenzie<br />
looking for Crazy<br />
ut altered his plans<br />
is spoted the CheycKenzie<br />
;had 800 sola~~,f<br />
<strong>of</strong> . them Indaan~ .~ .<br />
those, Cheyenne .<br />
anted to stxike the<br />
ee . <strong>Black</strong> Hairy Dog<br />
one who agreed with<br />
Burl, chief <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ciety, inquired sarther<br />
the Cheyenne<br />
en or old women ; rows<br />
o fight . That night<br />
as held until it was<br />
early mornings The decision was<br />
made to stand 'nd fight .<br />
At ' dawn MacK nzie charged. Indian<br />
scows suxxoun ed the Cheyenne camp<br />
to~prevent any escapes . The attack<br />
was perfectly 1~imed -- the Cheyenne<br />
warri ors wexe ~ s^till a~sl p and<br />
n~lce~ : . Taut P acKen2ie's Pawness<br />
swept through 1 he Cheyenne camp and<br />
thefx, ,horses gc It stuck in the river<br />
mud ,just long enough for the,twomen°~<br />
anc~ .children tc run to safety .<br />
The warriors took up their guns,<br />
what few <strong>of</strong> thf m they had, and took<br />
a ~aosit on an a protective gully .<br />
A, L3e~utenant M< ~~K~inney was sent forware<br />
to ctislodc ~F' them .<br />
was . high3 y uns~ ~Ceessful<br />
In this, he<br />
and unfortu-<br />
mate . ~3ut whe~ the Cheyennes came<br />
out to count icoup,. they exposed<br />
themsel+l~es ' to a counter attack .<br />
Oapta,in ~amilto led this charge,<br />
ar~cl th ~tty ' wa riors were killed .
z : . . .,<br />
The Cheyennes + retreated and for the<br />
next several' hours, long range<br />
sniping went on betiu~en them and<br />
MacKenzie's men .-`' The Cheyenneti"<br />
speaking IIill Rowland called to the<br />
Cheyennes for thei saarrender , The<br />
Cheyennes were def~ernt ; except for<br />
Dulh'"Knife who<br />
`_~,ay mouxning the<br />
loss"=<strong>of</strong> his thre~,r'spns in the battle<br />
. Ne was ready` to make<br />
peace,~and stepped~~up to thank the<br />
soldiex~chief fox spring the women<br />
and children, but Little Wolf bzoke<br />
xn to denounce MacKenzie's scouts<br />
for fighting against their own<br />
people .<br />
~ .<br />
'~ TO F3E CONTINUED IN NEXT ISSUEo<br />
~Loniq ~, eve ' oux ancestor s' :<br />
:s. ~~rz , .i~ :~<br />
t'Fv .' .. , ''1v' :<br />
:'.l t.? ,:IT r<br />
. . , , .<br />
,~?,c .v;,e~~
I would like to open my case by<br />
saying that there is no such thing<br />
as a universally codified system <strong>of</strong><br />
marriage . This perhaps is because<br />
maxria~ge, in one form or another,<br />
has been in existence well before<br />
the law, ox one might even say,<br />
well before religions .<br />
- In these days many people tend to<br />
look at marriage as an Yristitution<br />
brought about by laws or by reli"<br />
gions . In effect, marriage is n~<br />
more than asocial institution,<br />
contract between a man and a woman,<br />
witnessed by the members <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Community ' in which they live, -that<br />
they intend to live together and<br />
produce children whom the community<br />
should recognise and accept . Thus<br />
syatems <strong>of</strong> marriage can, and in,<br />
fact da, vary from one society to<br />
another .<br />
In some small communities the<br />
practice is due to economic rea»<br />
sons . If the wife helps the hus"<br />
band on hi . farm, then it is obviaus<br />
that ';'v .e more wives he has the<br />
richer he is . More wives also mean<br />
more power. for the man .<br />
As soon as the word polygamy is<br />
mentioned, people think <strong>of</strong> the Moslems<br />
. In~ fact, once you say to<br />
them tbat youz xe3:igio~ is Islam,<br />
you can gura what the next questtan<br />
will be : "How many wives do you<br />
have?" Indeed'Moslems are'"~pexmitt~eid:- ~~<br />
to marry more than one wife . . . . .but<br />
the maximum number is restr ctd<br />
,BLACK POWER : PAGE 26 .<br />
you can guess what the next questia~<br />
will be : "How many wives do you<br />
own?" Indeed, Moslems are perm .tbed<br />
to marry more than one wife, ., .,but<br />
the maximum number is restricted to<br />
four ; and the~'e is a strong string<br />
attached . According to Islam a<br />
person may marry one, two, three ar<br />
up to four wives provided he can<br />
do equal justice to all <strong>of</strong> them,<br />
Like everything else in Islam,<br />
there is a reason for polygamy, In<br />
the days <strong>of</strong> "jihad" or .reidgi~i~s~<br />
wars ,many husbands got killed on<br />
the battle grounds and consequently<br />
wives, some children were left<br />
without somean~ to care far them,<br />
Thus the Society became unbalanced,<br />
just as it was in the case <strong>of</strong> many<br />
European countries immediately af"<br />
ter the war, The only alternative<br />
fox these widows who, <strong>of</strong> course,<br />
had no private home, was to marry<br />
men already wed . Thus, and with<br />
justification, Islam allows polyga-~<br />
my in order to maintain a goad balance<br />
in the society .<br />
I remember a lady once putting<br />
her case against polygamy thus :<br />
"When God created Adam He gave him<br />
only one wife - Eve," The answer I<br />
gave her was that if Adam had asked<br />
for more, God might have given him<br />
more, but the fact that he did not<br />
ask, does no~C mean that polygamy is
SOU}.: . SISTA' = Continued<br />
more, `but the fact that he did not<br />
a::k, daces not mean what polygamy is<br />
cont :~ ary to nat
RHYTHM & BLOODS<br />
_-n,LUOd., BLACK PAN'THER'S- On the mOVe From "The People's Ya~sth" (C~ulr3looc7.,<br />
BLACK PANTHER' S on the move<br />
~'ar`al<br />
Gonna ;nut BLACK PEOPLE in the groove<br />
Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S on the move<br />
~'ou won't find him in the parks<br />
Cause the PANTHER 1.easres no marks<br />
You wan t see him in b :^c~oc~ daylight<br />
Cause the PANTHER strises at night<br />
Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S, on, .the move<br />
Blood, .BLACK PANTHER'S on trb~. move<br />
Aye you ready to gent y~' se~.~' ;~ in the groove . ? ,<br />
Blood, BLACK PANTHER'S on the move<br />
BLACK PANTHER' S don' t ., -tah.e no shit<br />
Cause he's had too mach <strong>of</strong> it<br />
He belongs to the BLACK NATION<br />
He's goin for HLACK LIBERATION<br />
Blood, etc . . . .<br />
. . ~A JOURNAL O'~ r~o<br />
LIBERATION .. .; .<br />
p,o . box 123<br />
Herkelep, Calif . 94~oa<br />
"<strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong>s_.-on.,the Move"<br />
,. - . , .,r ,...~ .~, +. . ........ . .<br />
To be sung to the lyrics <strong>of</strong> "Wetye<br />
got a thing that's . in . the groove" ,<br />
L. . Joh.rrsor. ;-<br />
:` .hlm !`~mericans c'c>ma<br />
! :,<br />
- _ . . . . . tc; Vie:~tnam . ., tci slay
a<br />
It._ ,w~, ._ ~umm~~x~ : ,~oin ~`lbvvn, ~just this $icy <strong>of</strong> the estuary. 7`he ~olo~cet~ ,<br />
people lead . tieen g~u~np] ng for a long' time, abo¬~t how poor they wefe, how they<br />
lived in runw~doutn '`conditin~s,- . . . ..and how they , v~ere unable to get any k3;rid <strong>of</strong><br />
defiant . jab . but nobody ~eally~' listened ~m ~t~e~n . Ei~exybody .- '~21se was busy<br />
swimming or golf.ih~ a~' ,'j~,!st lyi°n~~ mound sdarka.ng up the sun . ' '<br />
But one swe~,.te:~~*a~g~~day , in Au st . (,just ` the , k~,nd <strong>of</strong> day aFox a ~i~ ~ a<br />
`bla.x~t'~x.ng wl~a.te flash appesxed ;~~on the hnxixon. oaf Colnr~d Town, and a~1 the<br />
colored people . rain ~ out. Q~ t~%ea.r houses to see What it wets ,{every~boc~y else<br />
was oo~ busy vanatz~or~ing tca~ c~a~'e'~'~' . . .Down ,~~~ ,the ~.h'~.~,~'s-k . ..~ 4a'? ,, ,-~, ..~, ~,,~,<br />
previous7_y-, ca.'lla~t,~d y ., ~thcy~ , g~!ve it to ~Saul . Arid then , Sau1 14aded. ~M:e . '<br />
~<br />
~~?e<br />
in huge ` ' ~roriey bags which. ~h:e ` ` put over .his sh+o ders and them he" mcau
~nrx~r~.<br />
Le', me as.k you,, do ypu set''any sort<br />
<strong>of</strong> plash between yQuk pasi'ciori as an<br />
a~.visvt;, : .,.,wha:ch is ` i;o .:some extent, ;;a<br />
co~:~emplative position, ` and. your Punc,- . .,<br />
tio~:, s'ay, ~,s a pc~lit~ cal acti~is r:~?;<br />
.~ .<br />
' ,3~:ow° again,, T think that ,the definit<br />
on <strong>of</strong> ~"artist," has to be redefined .<br />
in terms .<strong>of</strong> the 'needs <strong>of</strong> back people .<br />
We &must make - n~eta definitions : . As you<br />
say, eonteznplatztre I don't agree<br />
w '~h that . . ~,o~plete7_y because we hau~e , .<br />
~o ' : be contemplative becaus . e~, that`' 'is `,~~<br />
`that makes the: totality - ' o~,our vision ;;<br />
1?ut also we ':':have .to be activist be-<br />
'"~~`cause <strong>of</strong> .the needs <strong>of</strong> our people . And<br />
unless our art is absolu~t~ly in ~~urie,<br />
yot`z see, with the needs o_~' our people, .<br />
then we ; ar.~ ., ,, . creating i'or Euz~opeans',, `<br />
aid n~~ for qur own._ peopleur? Mao Tse-_<br />
tui~;~ is an~ artis.t . fatrice Lumumba<br />
was an artist, .,and I o Ch Mir~Yi, : :and<br />
as far back 'as .~ . Antar, the Ar~~ ;° . . . .L .i:<br />
has to `-be ' ~. , totality . I t7~~ ~k w'e<br />
has~e-~ 'to ,~r~ncer~ ' ourselves with being<br />
men: ~ ` ` And, x,11 the other things mus t<br />
pay tixeir part, in reaching `the Iotal<br />
ty <strong>of</strong> our manhood, I chink .<br />
.~~ ataLoQ .~.oxtRr~, .<br />
X3Q$ 1FSAStJil~l~". ,b.i~~,. i;~<br />
~~e}~I i"~tAIYCL~Cf~, ~A.94t~7<br />
e e e . e e e e BLACK POWER i PGy,,~<br />
Fargiag 5lmvlcic~ .s Fnia ~+murils
BLACK POWER : PAGE 21<br />
INTRODUC IN(a TH~~~b?US~ ,~F*~ . .(.IINITY )<br />
Beginning with this issue <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> Power ; , becom es the <strong>of</strong>fical organ<br />
<strong>of</strong> THE .HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) reflecting the merger <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> Pan»<br />
then <strong>Party</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Northern</strong> <strong>California</strong> and THE HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) loca»<br />
ted in southern <strong>California</strong> .<br />
The primary purpose <strong>of</strong> THE HOUSE OF UMOJA (UNITY) as its traditional<br />
name implies, is designed to bu:!ld a nation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> people whose love<br />
and unity is so strong and tight that no poison will be able to con-<br />
taminate the <strong>Black</strong> rhythm for unity and liberation .<br />
We believe, Brothers and Sisters, that we must come together because<br />
our ancestors demand that we raise their pure <strong>Black</strong> Souls on to the<br />
vestibule <strong>of</strong> the good <strong>Black</strong> dirt and above the white stench <strong>of</strong> sunken<br />
slave ships, haunted plantations and corrupt, dirty cities . We must<br />
create a Love Supreme, a whirlwind which a UNITED <strong>Black</strong> man will rele-<br />
gate to .the ashes <strong>of</strong> oblivion the evil vibrations <strong>of</strong> western white<br />
decadence which will not let our ancestors partake in the music and<br />
,,joys <strong>of</strong> eternal happiness . In a word, this 3s what THE HOUSE OF UMOJA<br />
tUNITY) stands for .<br />
Co~Chairman Mwananchi Ernie Mkalirnoto<br />
Ndugu Zangu Wamekufua Waishi!! (Allen)<br />
(long live our ancestors ;') <strong>Northern</strong> <strong>California</strong><br />
Co-.Chairman Mwananchi Robert Uwezo<br />
Southern <strong>California</strong>
~f A CNILO NA RC U3 dARV'EY dRLW ,<br />
YP WITN "LACK AND WNITE CHILDREN AS NIS<br />
PLAY'l1ATEE . THE<br />
LESSONS TAUOHT nNIN A " OUT<br />
REALITY " Y~I~ATNER<br />
AND yHE 0"SERVANGE'<br />
OF HI! NOTNER~S<br />
CNARitY AND THE<br />
N "iAARDLY RESPON SE<br />
ANO REf1~ECT . . RE,W~lRDEO<br />
NER roi~ :. ~NtsE ~ 1rw~NANr=<br />
TARTAN SERV"CRS 4AVE<br />
MARCUS OARVEY THE " ROAD<br />
KNOWLEDGE ~''d~" TIIE?I~TELG "<br />
ANO EMOTIONAL TENPERMENT<br />
'PEOPLE IrNOM HE STU01 E0 .<br />
WHOM GARVEY NAp "EFRIENDEO<br />
IN HONESTY TOLD NIM THAT SNE<br />
WAS IN"TRUCtED "Y<br />
NER PARENTS TO<br />
OET IN TOUCH<br />
WITH GARVEY.<br />
!NE WAS<br />
"EINei SEN<br />
TO GREAT. .<br />
BRITAIN AN<br />
MAR ~~~ ~AFt+VY3Y a SLACK FATNSR CIIF BLAG'K 1~"C1WSR ,(~w ) .<br />
G E;+Ih6E, ~+ .<br />
OF HIS<br />
MA RC US 'dARVEY~S<br />
EDUCATION CANE<br />
FROM MANY SOURCE! :<br />
PRIVATE TUTORS, TWO<br />
PU "LIC SCHOOLS ANO<br />
TWO COLLEGES . GARVtY~S<br />
T~~ACNER! WERt MEN AND<br />
CtS .<br />
REALITY . AT THE<br />
AdE 14 HE WAS LEARN-<br />
ING THAT THER E .WAS SOME<br />
DIFFERENCE' IN HUMANITY'<br />
THAT THERE ARE DIFFERENT<br />
RAGES EACH HJ1VINd ITS OWN<br />
SEPERAI~E . AND DISTINCT SOCIAL<br />
LIFE . ~f'NE Wtii1TE',ebY .UPOJI' R6ACRINd NAT;URJTY ENTER60 INTO<br />
MILITANT SOCIETY WH " LE THE BLACK BOY DRIFTED AMONd GNAOS<br />
THEN 'CG"N TO REALIZE IF HE WANTED A PLACE iN tNE WORLD,<br />
FOR IT .<br />
(to be continued next issue)<br />
ARNEY PROVED HIMSELF<br />
SUPERIOR YO ALL OP NIS "~I,AYNATE" ,<br />
" OTH' P:IkY-iMCACLti 'AND pENYA~,LY . TNEY<br />
LOOKED ~O NIN FOR LtADERSNiP . MARCUS<br />
dARVEY DtVELOPED A STRONQ FORCE"<br />
FUL PERaOWALITY k,T AN EARLY A +OE .<br />
~ .IT CNARACT .E'RL2~Ctj ~11IN .UNTIL Nlf<br />
~~ . . : w~ot rwtr atspssT twt<br />
~ItRR11Awr o" wr ARw.~~<br />
WOKEN OF VAR1'ED E~tpERtlN"<br />
WHII:E , ~ STI'11~ IN ORAMI4ER SCNOOI<br />
~IARVEY "E CA IIE~~+A PRINTER
t3y :rulia 'WtiKi~t H~e~ve ,<br />
(Exam ~,e Mond~, 4fI;C1Il~8 )<br />
~.7uf~:a wxigt~t H~~rve, aht~ ~s auz~<br />
z~ently living wx~.t~.ny ~ Pam<br />
xis, France, is the d~;ugh~e~r <strong>of</strong> ~Chta<br />
greatest black r~o~~rl,ist ~~ the ~ep .~<br />
~Cury, R3,chard War~;ght * Th~~r article<br />
was translated f~cam 'the Fxamch by<br />
the Foreign Las'Igw~a,~e Department <strong>of</strong><br />
BLACK POWER : x~ews~paper : )<br />
M~,rt in~ Luther I~ n~, is mamotq,, ~<br />
is associated ; witk~` a wou~ad: x was ; . ;<br />
a school girl . ~ fafh+~aac, the ax3. .~ . ,<br />
ter . .Rich~rd wright, s+~~t fag m~ ~e :,~~<br />
that l could be ntrodua~d tC> l~X71r'<br />
a1x~~ady il~.ua~trioua ,pexson, .gmsa~i . ;: .<br />
thzaugh P`~ ac 3.s . ` He had ~~~ . .b,~se~ , .<br />
:. {carat ~~iued on next ~pasy~ ) - , .<br />
?he Slac~C Mer t~"~~~ . ~ ~ ~ . . ~ ~ . ~ . ~<br />
SWa~iIi Lesson ., .,~~ . . .-rrrr . . .~t<br />
D~tym . . . . . . . .r . : . ., . . . . . . . .. : . . :<br />
Global V~~W~rrrrrr .~r .rrrrrrs~~<br />
BLtZ¢'~~.tl~, ,: . $Qe~1~ i . r . ro . ~ . . . i . . : . . ;, : , x~<br />
Soul: .S:ista t . : . . : . : , :. . . . : : . . . . : . a,T<br />
Ra~C~, ,~t~ch®fir ~a'nd Aufus . . . . . . . . 20<br />
x©~t~s o~ ~ ~A . : . : . : . . . : : : : . ~ . : a<br />
p8,g~n~ :'1~~3oamer3Cana .rr . . . .rrr . .<br />
Rditar~ W, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<br />
Ma1';Clls Ga,~'Vey r r r . . r . . r . . . . . r . . r . r<br />
Volume 2, . No . 12 - ,Publ~ahed by<br />
.~i0U5B . Og UMQ,TA (UN ft`Y )<br />
P,O r ].~&7., ~~an. i~ancisea~ 9~41~:~
DR, MAFtTi1V LUTHER K°ING (continued)<br />
the victim<br />
~on<br />
<strong>of</strong> an attack, my<br />
father " s request, he showed me that<br />
wound, hardly closeds "fhe pxine "<br />
~~ explained,""that we, the <strong>Black</strong>aa<br />
ale paying ,for our ].ibeza~ior~, ,r<br />
~Iaxtin ~;uther King t s canc~eznnation<br />
t~:death was announced lahg,before<br />
A,p~il 4, 1968, and even beforre the<br />
c~~~th oi~ l+ialcolm X, whc~, waiting a<br />
few days before his own as~assina-~<br />
said : "My vgice is` only a,<br />
~aice among others : But acir goal<br />
~a~ alwa~rs°been the 'e~me :~ Certain-<br />
~yi ~Y mathods are~rad3cally opposee;d<br />
to those <strong>of</strong> Dr : King, the apostle<br />
<strong>of</strong> non-violence, a' doctrine<br />
that h~,s the advantage <strong>of</strong> pa~.nt ng<br />
up the brutality, <strong>of</strong> whites towafds_'<br />
Tacks,, But in the' atmc~sphex'e that<br />
xeigns present7.~ in America, x aiek<br />
myse~,f which <strong>of</strong> these -,TWO extremists<br />
: the 'violent' Malcolm .X or<br />
the ',non-violent,' ; .Dr t ~ Kinq wall .l be<br />
dead first?<br />
,.Todayy ~Stokely ,Carmichael, Rap<br />
gxown~' °~u~ '<br />
Neraton, at~d the numer<br />
ous Blacl~"'leadexs Who advocate self<br />
defense here ,taken up th~2.se p~ap~het<br />
e . words and applied them to themaselves,<br />
. - S:?,nce` they grey ready-made<br />
targets the logic bf,t,h,a system<br />
cc~nc~emns just as we].3~" . thef as the<br />
,. ~~.x~nacence (and ignarai~c~,~r o:E :aagM;, :`<br />
v~:alenCe . The ° dresem <strong>of</strong> , Martin .Lug<br />
ther K3rsg~ did not 't3ie, . as" ,7ol~nsan<br />
said, "with him," but ratter befare~ `<br />
him, az~d it was ;just `this ' (the<br />
death ,,<strong>of</strong>'iiis drr~a~m) that 1c~hed' the,`<br />
man . . "Bettiveen~ Augu~ct 1963 ; and April<br />
1:968 i between a "Mach <strong>of</strong> ~'ashington"<br />
"tha'C ogk place and ; a '<br />
."Niaxch<br />
an . Was~fng~,^ahR' 'that was ` to take '<br />
Qlace f ve ., :ai.~pbztant ~r~azs :<br />
' wexe<br />
p a~tod ©ut . : ~ Five- y,eaxs that marked<br />
the- t~xa~3c ire»erary <strong>of</strong> a 131ae1s who<br />
~,n ~h3s de~p~xa' efforts to sksr~,nk<br />
'the' gad that ~tubbmrnly grows. betwean<br />
the ghettQS anc~ the white ~ower<br />
used himself up . The slow check'<br />
gradual,' <strong>of</strong>ten 3mgerceptible, the<br />
wall <strong>of</strong> despair .<br />
Fizst "conxroritat.iani the dQ<br />
nunciation by Malcolm X and the dis<br />
nherited <strong>of</strong> the ghetto, and the<br />
political and financial mishandling<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Washington march .fib 1963 hY'<br />
.<br />
Dr . Kir:g aid, ;pthe<br />
leader . Then M<br />
after ~hi death b<br />
leader,s~ denounce<br />
ally'aut <strong>of</strong> date"<br />
violence by ,raisi;n<br />
the war~~:n Vietnam<br />
King ab~igsd to~ r<br />
sistance' <strong>of</strong> the<br />
organiza~¢,ioi~ . ' '"I<br />
,<br />
ix~~tegrat3onist<br />
lcolm, followed<br />
numerous J3lack<br />
the "historicaracter<br />
<strong>of</strong> non-,<br />
the gttestiotz <strong>of</strong><br />
Martin Luthe<br />
spond to the in "<br />
outh <strong>of</strong> : his ownhave<br />
gone among<br />
the young ,who ar des~era~e, rejected,~<br />
`-send , ~,angx,<br />
~ .he admitted .<br />
"I , toted " them " ,tha ,guns, , Would 'not<br />
salvr~ their ,px,o}a~.e s,., hec,~,u,se I was<br />
con~iinced ~ -~Ghat . so ial ,cha~nge . eou~d<br />
;nevex be ~ ~ceally<br />
through~-nvn " viol<br />
aGhieued ; c~xcep<br />
nce, . .taut ~<br />
asked me ,q " ar~d " they<br />
-so : + and " ~lieth~m? 1<br />
+cruehed " sne~ ~ and " I .<br />
never again raise<br />
viol~ncei~ <strong>of</strong>~ those<br />
in the ~ghet~tb~s~ i:tius<br />
king aut ;,, in no` ai<br />
gai~ns't the greaf<br />
(continued on<br />
they 1<br />
.<br />
were ;fight to do<br />
Their questifans<br />
new' that I dot~ld<br />
my .. va3.ce, ac~ai~st<br />
ha . aace~ eppxe~sed~<br />
hoot, first apes ;<br />
ier`~ain terms,<br />
t inetigat<br />
a-<br />
age 24)
.:,<br />
,<br />
ACt<br />
N~3~F`tS SEA-UP~ FOR KILL<br />
. . ,<br />
For a long : ,tame now,, the ant,~~,<br />
J :,:<br />
; :;~ .~x<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Oakland :`.-; ..cops , . ~~. : :~~zavo ~ ..: ac<br />
. .x ;{<br />
Yl(<br />
seaxchYng for a means to destroy<br />
the <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> F,~~t~r:~,.~F~P~~-ilWhich.:.. ._ ~ , ~,<br />
it con~~dex's~ ..a. . threw . . ... ._,to white su-<br />
. ,:f><br />
prema~y and xace oppression in the<br />
Bay Area ., .,,,Sat~;u~Cd~y :night, Apxil ~i ,a ; .t',~ :<br />
they got' what.;, ey hoped was their<br />
chance.<br />
The set-up ,,r,'~.as,~: ;,~the nation-wide<br />
strife bubbling in the wake <strong>of</strong><br />
Dr, t~aYtin Luther ;;King's assassination<br />
. With <strong>Black</strong> ~tebellions level<br />
ing white Amerio'a!-~si' cities bath<br />
North and South, the Oakland cops_<br />
intend~ad to use ".rthe super-charged ;<br />
atmo~rphex'e in the Bay Area as a<br />
stage for,rt'~he~ assassination <strong>of</strong> Panthex<br />
.<br />
Ss,tuxday~ :,, ni .~ht~~ ;~ ::~members <strong>of</strong> the<br />
BPP ~h~,d cangxegated in West Oakland<br />
ground 28th and~>Uri3on, reportedly<br />
near the home <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Panther</strong> member .<br />
The cops, ".~~whac had neither followed<br />
them<br />
f Y'st<br />
ox had stumbled upon them,<br />
surrounded ~th8' , area, and then<br />
sent in a squad car with two honkey<br />
i~easts in ort~er~~ta-provoke an incident<br />
. It appears"that -the two cops<br />
3'ired fixst on a group <strong>of</strong> t3rothexs<br />
who were in the street, who then<br />
fire d back on trie cops in return,<br />
wounding both . Some <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Panther</strong> s<br />
axe said to have been around the<br />
corner to find refuge in homes along<br />
28th street, while others made<br />
it up the street . At any rate, the<br />
cops, who already had the neighborhood<br />
entirely surrounded sealed <strong>of</strong>f<br />
a two block area and closed in fox<br />
what they hoped would be a bloody<br />
massacre <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> People .<br />
Cops searched <strong>Black</strong> homes at gunpoint,<br />
forcing occupants to lie on<br />
the flloz w~aile they ransacked ~e<br />
rooms . W~,thaut botheza.ncf to ah~GlC,<br />
~<br />
BLACK POWER : PAGE 3<br />
,-, ...<br />
they fix~d;~ ;3,`nt`o;~,.a . hs~me, ~at~~,1208 28th<br />
aiF,~+<br />
1<br />
street nar~Owh~r;,,m~,~ .~ ~g and frighten<br />
ng to c~~;~x~;.,.xhree elderly <strong>Black</strong><br />
"` ~~atex s<br />
combing<br />
who .' s7.3ved they e. After<br />
t~ough;. ;.,. the entire neiyh-<br />
` :boyhood and ~erroxizing <strong>Black</strong> xesidents<br />
there, !be oop's stumbled upon<br />
3 panthers who had taken xefuge inside<br />
a house .<br />
A gun battle b®twet~n Panthezs and<br />
cops then raged td~r over an hour<br />
and a half, with members or" the $~''<br />
holding up inside the basement <strong>of</strong> a.<br />
house at 1218 28th street : But the<br />
<strong>Panther</strong>s stayed on in spite <strong>of</strong> machine"gun<br />
fire, tear gas barrages,
BLACK MARKETER (Continued)<br />
which some sources state was ignited<br />
by an exploding tear gas carinistex,<br />
others that it was deliberately<br />
set by cops after teax gas and<br />
bullets failed to route the <strong>Panther</strong>s<br />
from their makeshift fortxess .<br />
Tn the end, facing ovexwhelming<br />
odds <strong>of</strong> some three doaen cops armed<br />
to the teeth and with moxe qn the<br />
way, the <strong>Panther</strong>s finally decfded<br />
to surxender . With searchlights : ;.;<br />
beaming from seemingly every dirertion,<br />
Bobby Hutton, BPP treasurer,<br />
emerged first from the bullet-ridden<br />
house . His hands were high in<br />
the air . His eyes smaxted f~ron the<br />
sting <strong>of</strong> teax gas . Then the cops<br />
ordered him to run towards one <strong>of</strong><br />
the squad bars . And as he did, one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the beasts hollered, "He has a<br />
gun :" They smacked their lips as<br />
they opene~., . :fire on this unarmed<br />
<strong>Black</strong> youth':, arsd little Bobby Huttan,<br />
blood pouxing from the bullet<br />
wounds in his body, fell to the<br />
earth, murdered by the beast . He<br />
was only 17 yeaxs old .<br />
Eventually, Wendell Wells and ~3J .dridge<br />
Cleaver, BPP Minister <strong>of</strong> Information,<br />
emerged from the house,<br />
where they were taken into custody<br />
by the beast . As soon as they were<br />
taken away from the-site <strong>of</strong> the bat<br />
tle, both were severly beaten by<br />
the beast ~cops in spite <strong>of</strong> their<br />
injuries . w A11 in all, 8 <strong>Panther</strong>s<br />
were arrested by the beast, and :<br />
charged .with sevexal counts <strong>of</strong> "as- .<br />
sault wittiY n~Cent :,~o cammit~ ;;xnurder"<br />
and had bail - §et , ~t $40,000 . Cleav-<br />
:~ ::. rr<br />
er had: ;. been charged-'v with three ,,<br />
count~::j . with bail set~'at $63,;,000 .<br />
At the time <strong>of</strong> .th s writi.n c~, the :~~~<br />
<strong>Panther</strong>s have succeeded in cjett ng . ; . ~;,~ ,<br />
only one Brother, ~~Wendell : Wells, .~, :.<br />
xeleased .<br />
BLACK POWER : PAGE 4<br />
/ The House <strong>of</strong> Umoja (Unity) expresses /<br />
/ condolences to the family end friends /<br />
/ <strong>of</strong> L3obby James Hutton (1950-1968) /<br />
/ and the other ambushed <strong>Black</strong> <strong>Panther</strong> /<br />
/ <strong>Party</strong> Membexs . /<br />
/ THEIR BLOOD W K.L BE' REMEMBERED . /<br />
~~~~~a~~~~~~~~a~~~~~~~~*~~*~~<br />
SWAHILI LESSON<br />
Kwaheri `<br />
r`v, Good-by<br />
Chad Tea `w :<br />
Nyumbani ~ House<br />
Ka,ka ~ 01dex brother,<br />
IGarama Gra;~`fous, p<br />
Katili Cruel<br />
Kikaka Rush ; hurry<br />
'~'Kilaj<br />
~3<br />
Food<br />
KiKoa Co-op~xation ;<br />
a te,~mm<br />
Kitisho A threat<br />
Utamu . ., Sweetness<br />
.<br />
Sixau y:~f ;~,; ~ . Telephone<br />
mido.~+p, ; .~ ,<br />
:z . .<br />
Ororo Tender<br />
Taksi Taxi<br />
A kukolea ~ Tasty<br />
.Upendo- ~, ` Love<br />
Chakula cha<br />
adhuhuri<br />
Lunch!
TH1C BLACK MARKETER BLACK PCTUJER : PAGE S<br />
B ~~. C~ ~ N<br />
L~-i HER.<br />
o i~<br />
Being a man is the continuing battle <strong>of</strong> one's life, one loses a bit <strong>of</strong><br />
manhood with every stale compromise to the authority <strong>of</strong> a.:r. ;x power in<br />
which one does not bel~eveg No slave should die a natural death fhexe<br />
is a point where cau~;:io~a ends and co~rardice begins . Everyday tam in<br />
prison I will refuse both food and water .<br />
My hunger is for the liberation <strong>of</strong> my people ; my~ thirst is for the<br />
ending <strong>of</strong> oppression . I am a political prisoner, jailed for my belie 'e<br />
that <strong>Black</strong> people must be free . The government has taken a po:~ ~ .~. :4 4.n<br />
true to its facist nature . Those who they cannot convert a they :`~.~:a.fi~~,<br />
silence . This government has become the enemy <strong>of</strong> mankind .<br />
Death can no longer alter our path to freedom . For our people, death<br />
has been the only known exit from slavery and oppression . We must open<br />
others . Our will to live must no longer supersede our will to fight,<br />
fox our fighting will determine if our race shall live .<br />
Ta desire freedom is not enough . We must move from resistance to aggression,<br />
from revolt to revolution . For every black death, there must<br />
be ten dead racist cops . For every Max Stanford and Huey Newton, there<br />
must be ten Detroits, and for every Orangeburg, there must be a Dien<br />
Bien Phu .<br />
Brothers and Sisters, and all oppressed people, we must prepare ourselves<br />
both mentally and physically, for the major confr~~ntation is yet<br />
to come . We must fight : It is the people who in the final analysis<br />
make and determine history, not leaders or systems . The 1~~.ws to govern<br />
us must be made by us .<br />
May the deaths <strong>of</strong> '68 signal the beginning <strong>of</strong> the end fox this country.<br />
I do what I must out <strong>of</strong> the love for my people . My will is to fight ; my<br />
resistance is not enough . Aggression is the order <strong>of</strong> the day .<br />
(Continued on next page)
THE BLACK MARdCETER BirACki: ..Pi>~=~:°> ~.t -._P .t-~t~~ ~,-<br />
--A Letter From Prl~on<br />
AMERICA> If it takes my dea$h to organize my people to rezd
BLACK~MARKE :~R i3LACK POWER ; , , PAGE ?<br />
D,C, BLACKS UNITE<br />
Washington, 9,C , : now has a Negro power must ttirn . the loyaltie :~ =~f<br />
mayor, but it °~]c esw't have a black the "native elites~" avd : other '"I~ ~mayor<br />
. ,9 majoxity <strong>of</strong> its people<br />
are Negro, but :" ~:~ :~,r~l .-;, a mitir rity are<br />
gxoes++ away from the white ru .~ "3-~c;<br />
cries atad toward conscious b,.a ~~<br />
black ., : ;~, nationalism : Chly in the contexe~<br />
Behind the- ~e.n~n~ .c .g~ane in ~~le~L~~h~, ~ =pan the current formation <strong>of</strong><br />
sentences 1-i~es- dot<br />
. : only! '<br />
.;an eva~:t~a~ ~;-~~ack Uri t~d F'zont in Washingto~ :~ `~,_<br />
Lion o~ `Mayor ~~~rr ssitxher , . Walter :, ~- p~opexl.y understood :<br />
Washington'"':,and,- not :~ tr~e,~~' ~eogle,.<strong>of</strong> the` This is : a static situat2o .n c<br />
District ; : 'lout :, the .cu~lple storY o~`~<br />
black p ower . ~ poly t~cs~" ~` '~<br />
as it .3.~ Y'l~3w ":<br />
unvolding in the c'aI,~.'ital~; : ci~y nf'<br />
the Un.~.ted 5tate;nc~F yAmezi;cai ' ' ., ;<br />
".rwo years- ago, : the ` local Stude t :<br />
r - r :;Nohvio~.ent ' C~oardinating Commi~?.aec'<br />
;; ;;(a1VCC:.~', .-was mobilised for a p :~.r~c:<br />
~~r~;b~C,'.'. ` 'ca~ipaign in which . ~~hb~i~F<br />
.<br />
The, uuord , '~ kP~e9~'c ,' , , ' the" . . ourrent ~~ and f~btuy 'bf~ick" ;, .were major . themes<br />
th~.nk, ng goes, ,,,x~epr ;~ ;~en~ts ,t ie ma~i"% : ; ; r p~esui~ab'ly, th~ ~ : Q,Stablishment l~ sj. .<br />
who . accepts the ~y~ ~ ^m,- wtko. .zs .wal~~t ; r Y: fall . .<strong>of</strong> `a : c~.ty: gow~~nment under the-, ....,<br />
ling .,to:., Pl.ay .,,'t .wl1:~ tc -?'sr' . :g~e .t: ' 'w~iove c.: .<br />
IrY ~ the anti-cblonk~hist,, `terms,<br />
within thc .,-co~~c~fi~ial ,,cap t~h, b3adc ;<br />
Dixie-style cops, resents 'Murr~h~r' :~<br />
,interference, and the Poli.~ce°'~~~.'-1 ;<br />
. .<br />
1 . , :,- a . . r .,<br />
..~ .~ f I<br />
' C'1 ( .yj . ..:<br />
o ... .
DLACK MAk2KETEx`. (Continued) BLACK POWER : PAGE 8<br />
While affic:ials argue that the<br />
District <strong>of</strong> Columbia is neither a<br />
Newark 7or a Detroit, they are developing<br />
plarss to use city ,,po1~..Ge~<br />
r:'~e Natio~aal fuarc~ en~~reguiaz ;?~~y<br />
troops (who ax:~a~and x~ n~a~y bas;e$r)<br />
.. .' .<br />
effecting` togetherness among, all<br />
<strong>Black</strong> people in the Dis~firict , .k <strong>of</strong>f :,<br />
Columbia in :order "ti obtain . a<br />
'rigHtful and px,apartioriate share : ~~<br />
' flit decision-making` councils .<strong>of</strong>f , ..the<br />
District, and rightfulV 'and propor-<br />
to quell any outbreaks <strong>of</strong>:~ insurg~--~ : ; t~onate control <strong>of</strong> the economic. ., in-,<br />
Pncy in 'the c~.ty'., ~~omc "bbse~vers sti'tutions in :~~3:e :<strong>Black</strong> ~olt~imuna.ty : " .<br />
have noted that Washington', .s `u~rba~n~,. ~ As for the New~:Schodl, `'its . orienplan,<br />
designed b.y P ~~r~'].',E~~aa~ ~ ~ :~tation ''i,s cu]a;u~al and ec~ucati~onal ;<br />
around t.?~e tine <strong>of</strong> `tl~e~rrench, i Q.vo- : . . ~. ~raahe'f` ~ than political, tDough t lti-, ,<br />
lotion, inhib~_ts riots since wide,- : mately its work is."~':rrfpc~1~i~Ciea1 xediagonal<br />
avenues gi~`e pallce urius~- , , . .,, Z~va~i+~e ' "We know heel ' is" going<br />
ual mobility . ; . ' ; , : ; ~;~ be' `'~' canfrontation ~':' Done ~reenan<br />
when it cone's : to ~b~l~ck 'power"~ ~~~ ;,a . member <strong>of</strong> The House ~ ~i~E~~tfiMnja (Unalitics<br />
and the ,possib%fity <strong>of</strong> ; . vic~L, :. ; : 'ty), axed the ;s:chocrl's '~'dir:ectar,<br />
fence, Washinc~t,on is especial case . : . . : ; Mold the`Guardian . : : :~"We war~~f`to have<br />
for reasons ;;ha~,r,~,~:e fa~ely stated ; ;, :~ ,cpnciete'' `alternati.ves . 'to'-<strong>of</strong>fer ."<br />
by eithe .~ the federal' :go~er'rnnent . or ; . .. ;. ; . .Fox b'o'th the Front arrdr'the school,<br />
black n~ilitarzts ~ : If=~`~ash~ igtoxi is , . . . black `identity - is a foreinnst aim .<br />
to cons- :inue to~.:b:e : the hbi~c cif` the .. .1 .,, ; : ~hc front, as the mime `~i.mplies,<br />
federal government . ., ~,s 'it~ 'i's now ;- : .; . seem$" itself as a b~aafc~~r'agenc r frx<br />
eonstitc ted, the ~ ; . security <strong>of</strong> chat _, , e;sog ~f 'change . ,Youthful militant .<br />
c~overnrne:nt depends ' cfn -cantrdl °<br />
. o~ . ,: .~:leade~is such as Stokely ~armichael,<br />
is envy ronment . Ultini~ate9~y,, . .black, _. ,~ ; type `t~t'emparary chairman, ~t~~rve_ `provipcwex<br />
r Qre means, thaW'b~rck' people :, . . - : :dell=` §ucfi ' . <strong>of</strong> the; imp~tt~~ ' and the<br />
wall dE cide under' wl at''condaaions, . - : .tom' `for the group . I3tlt the Front<br />
'she :'`edEeral government sari `fun~tic~n . : .: . alsei': . included individuals close to<br />
~.nd befrre b?.ack'"w power evier ., .getS , .,,-~ ;the " :'ratiota~l Association for' the<br />
':.a tha ~: stave, ~ vio'lct~'C 't~ufb e'~ks . ; ., , : Ad~raitcement ~ <strong>of</strong> C fared ~"`P~dpYe and<br />
^.ould sFrious ~ y threaten ~~He .day-ta the lJrban League, : ;:as~ w~.~hi as : people<br />
c~ay operation "y <strong>of</strong> the government : \ A .,<br />
.rebellion in Washington 'could be .~,<br />
`;I'3e ea,uivalen?: af, the recent guar- . .<br />
:_w~lla attack on " the U :B `` 'Ern'~assy ,,<br />
:. ~ :~.ke _ : Chuck'`~tone , :whQ i s Adam Cl aytan:<br />
P©%velf's assistant and a be-<br />
Never
BLACK MARKFTER (Continued]<br />
"One <strong>of</strong> the ways <strong>of</strong> bri ragout our<br />
people home is by using pa tierce,<br />
love, brotherhood and unity -- not<br />
farce -~- love, patience hrotherhaod<br />
and unity . We try and we try and we<br />
try . If they. . become a threat, we<br />
<strong>of</strong>f them . We <strong>of</strong>f them .<br />
"But we must begin to understand<br />
that in a context <strong>of</strong> foaming inside<br />
our community a uniLod front, a<br />
blactc united front, which engulfs<br />
every sector, ev"~ry fact and every<br />
person inside our community working<br />
foz ~';he ben <strong>of</strong>i t <strong>of</strong> bi ack peopl e<br />
working for the benefit <strong>of</strong> blaclc<br />
people . And that is for each<br />
thcr's survival .<br />
Liicewise, the New School, which<br />
moves into new expanded quarters in<br />
Mareh, has adopted a lo?3g"~sczx~ge<br />
vieva . The school's aim, as explained<br />
. by Freeman, is to change<br />
the dissa°cisfaction <strong>of</strong> the city's<br />
black people in ordex to create<br />
n,^,tion listic p~°ido . The school<br />
draws on blactcs from two worlds---th^<br />
underworld <strong>of</strong> pimps, prosicitutes<br />
and nt~mb2rs l:acketeers, and<br />
the overground world <strong>of</strong> government<br />
employees .<br />
TYe ;cragr . i:i.ff
PAGE 10<br />
Theme can .be , no'victor :y'=in Nigeria's"civil 'war' . Spokesinen<br />
far both` tYie ~edera.l govexnmerit and the seceding Big°<br />
af~an state asist that if they ~da not win, Nigeria : will<br />
be reduced to total chaos breeding` nothing but tr-iba.7.-~<br />
hatred, guerrillas warfare a"n,d._ :.:bet-ty :-~di:at~a~tvrs2ri~s . Tn<br />
an e~ffa-rt ~to : avert ~ this trag c'`demolition <strong>of</strong> Africa's .<br />
''once "model deinocra:cy,'! Wole Soyinka, Nigeria's fore-.<br />
moist poet and ~phay~ri+~ht~ (with tivo ~fffBraadwag plays . . . . ,<br />
'chi's season), 'published a statement . 'n ; the fail Sketch' - ,: `<br />
Ibadan ; ~call3ng for a cease fire:: : -Ten : ; days later he was<br />
-"det`a ned,!~ two ~montYis cater the .: gow!ernment claimef 5oy~<br />
inky had confessed 'to . : conspiring ui~ th th'e rebels ; .he denied<br />
the charges' . . and. ~ .s still -in 'jail awaa .ting trial .<br />
Whatever ahe. fC'tual .~fa -ct's may be, Sayinka a:s . . ..a painfully<br />
accurate exarxple <strong>of</strong> the dilemma <strong>of</strong> the AfricaW writer<br />
w'ho ~ is marad;T~r unable' : .' o isolate hiriself from hia society,<br />
..yep. ; , canr~at find a .'safe vantage point from which to<br />
comment .on :the scene around him';'" Befare his arrest . Soyinka;<br />
wrote . an article : ; for the d atinguished Uganda magmine,<br />
Transition ,, . in ,which he tx :ies to define the wxit-- . . . .. . .<br />
eY's true-re§ponsibiTit~ in the "mtwement toward chaos<br />
n.madern : :Africa-." :<br />
ltity concern n :: this :~.rt c~e : i .,s<br />
primarily with the . non-South A.fr.: -<br />
can writer. . . and w.hy, . . b.e.a~Qx.e . ..very<br />
long, he- - may begin -;to envy the<br />
South African the bleak immensity<br />
<strong>of</strong> : ha s.vprabl ems : Fr~r : the > South. Af=<br />
rican has still the right to hope,<br />
and this pxospect <strong>of</strong> a future as<br />
yet uncompromised by failure on his<br />
own part, in his own right : is<br />
samet;":~.ng ~ whic'.~. ' has latr~ly `ceased . .<br />
to exist for writers <strong>of</strong> other ~A~fr~i,- .<br />
o~n :~tarese -.<br />
Wliia-2 r. 'he may debate what eonst~:- ;<br />
totes a~rIIlack writer and what<br />
does- r..aty . . .. ctne ` br.ee.d, ~. <strong>of</strong> ' humanity<br />
t^r2i- ch "gee cannot ~con~fox.'tabYy .tier~y ~.~,.<br />
t2i'at- <strong>of</strong> . the wr 'ter . > ; . In -new socie- .<br />
ties , ., .Which began: ,the deductive : ex<br />
pe~riment in : authox-iaariani~m;, . ., ~ .it:
DRUM - Contint.ed BLACK POW~t : .~ PAGE 11<br />
has become a ~-amil ar'experience to . to shrink f~`om the bewil.caei.'pd<br />
watch society crush the writer un- ,tare <strong>of</strong> the South African, knowing<br />
der . a load o~ guilt for his darixlg that he, the supposed2y .free mind<br />
outlook " apax~.~: ~ .' ."rom and' independent who .once symba''l zed a lgophole for<br />
rf the .mass ~c:_rc~ction . 'TYie~'~evolu- tf~e ,dead end <strong>of</strong> the South . African<br />
tionary mood in society is a, par- d~,lemma, has himself become the<br />
Licularly potE~n~t tyrant in this re- Creature <strong>of</strong> despair . The change in<br />
::pect and s~.nce the writer is, at circumstances is quite direct . The<br />
'': :ze . very lea~t, sensitive to mood, background begins at the united op--<br />
', e respects ~oho demand <strong>of</strong> the mo- posit on . <strong>of</strong> the colonized to the<br />
:~1ent and effects his definition as external tyrant . Victory, <strong>of</strong>,sorts .,<br />
a writer by an act <strong>of</strong> choice .t And ,,came and the writer submitted hi. :-~<br />
Ln the mode :.n African state espe- i.ntegrity to the monolithic stxecs~-<br />
:~ially, the position <strong>of</strong> the writer<br />
?gas been such that he is in fact<br />
"~:hnn very Pro~~ <strong>of</strong> state machiner~r .<br />
".°dependence in every instance had<br />
: .Lent an emergency pooling <strong>of</strong> every<br />
:~.ental resource . This writer must,<br />
:or the mom ant at least (he per-<br />
:~uades himself), postpone that ua~ique<br />
reflection on experience and<br />
"events which is wha~ : makes a writer<br />
-and constitute himself into a<br />
7aart <strong>of</strong> the machine ,~y that will ac-<br />
~~ually shape events . Let this im-<br />
??ulse be clearly undexstood and<br />
valued for itself ; the <strong>Black</strong><br />
~~riter found that he could not deny<br />
"ais society ; he could however, tem-<br />
;;~oraLily at least, deny himself .<br />
.-~o therefore too, his place in the<br />
l~ew state -as a privileged person,<br />
personallq placed above the effects<br />
cf the ,narrow~~wis}on which usually<br />
accompanies the 5:~patience <strong>of</strong> new<br />
rations . He, the special eye and<br />
r?ar, the special knowledge and re-<br />
~pdnse, lost eve's his recreative<br />
consciousness, wk~ieh, from time to<br />
time, left active and alert in his<br />
creative'"work, mig :Zt have demanded<br />
a reexamination o .f his own position<br />
.<br />
If he has not al :~:eady arxived at<br />
- .his discovery, the writer from<br />
~;ast or freest A:~rican states is coming<br />
closer to the terrible understanding<br />
that it is not his South<br />
~~frican comrade who is the creature<br />
<strong>of</strong> compassion . Already he has begun<br />
' .<br />
,,es <strong>of</strong> the time . For this any man-<br />
~ifesto deemed valid, any ,-ism cou_~~;i<br />
~be embraced with a clean cor_sc~eet ;cc> .-<br />
.With few execptions the writer di-<br />
." rected his energies to enshr n :an -.<br />
victory, to reaffirming his ident~.ficatian<br />
with the aspixations ,~`<br />
nationalism and the stabili~ats.o~<br />
<strong>of</strong> .society . ;<br />
The third stage, the st:~ge at<br />
,which we find ourselves .naw, is the<br />
stage <strong>of</strong> disillusionment, and it is<br />
this which . prompts an honest exam .motion<br />
. <strong>of</strong> what has been the fail,ure<br />
<strong>of</strong> the African writer, as a<br />
writex . , And this is note o say<br />
that if the <strong>Black</strong> writer` ~hac~ tru<br />
ly responded to the political mw<br />
, ; agx~ssive national consciousnes> .<br />
Reality, the . ever-present fe;rtiie
DRUM - Continu+~d-<br />
reality,' was ~,c~nca~~d by the w~ri~ez~<br />
and relegated ~tra ~h~ new v~.sionary<br />
--the politic~.~~~0 Since the phase<br />
<strong>of</strong> anti-colania:~ist writing was,<br />
clearly . . over a~~~.a ; ~~~~~at pt~pose rendeyed<br />
redunda~at y . ~ ~ t~ew distraction<br />
had to ~be created fc~r` the ~hggxessiv!e<br />
demands ~ <strong>of</strong> the wri'ter's -Yestless<br />
mind . And th« .~ublishe~s were at<br />
hand, w'ai;ting, ;:e~~ttira] defin ti~ns . .<br />
became a riew ~oa~re E <strong>of</strong> literature~?~<br />
not sci t~ew i as f c~,c~ti ; ~ 'but they , a~<br />
quired a . ne~u s c,`~i3.ficance : in .,'hrYle<br />
context' .<strong>of</strong>. - p+a~.it :caZ 'z~8epet~dehce,<br />
The cur~i'osity ~ ;^ .f, f:~ae outiside world<br />
far, exceeded t.~e .~r critical -facu~"<br />
ties . and publas~e :~s , . 'hoV~er-ed 1`ike<br />
benevolent vu1 tux:e ~ on . tYlc .:;~~ ~,,1,<br />
foetus <strong>of</strong>. - . t3a~ : .~"~ .ack Musei : ~At . .a .<br />
given signal . .al~~y .t¢ia~'e` , <strong>of</strong>f b5.t .s . and<br />
pieces, ' fann~;c~ . u~, with p+~werfu~:<br />
wings dehusicr~s o~ sxc~n f canoe in'<br />
commonness' arac~ 'oar~aZitq~. " The .ave7c- .<br />
age . publish£ wY ~~.t2r " in the ear~:y, ' ,<br />
post=calonia~ . y~as:,s was the most<br />
celebrated ~i~.T~n <strong>of</strong> incansequence.<br />
ever to obscurer ' ¢tee true flesh cf<br />
the flack di~.ex :~r:~ .<br />
This waa tks~ ~~eg nn%ng <strong>of</strong> the abdi<br />
cation " <strong>of</strong> t~~e A.~rican .wr i ten azid<br />
the deceptioaa ~ : vuhi~h he caused .~?y<br />
fabricating :~a na :jriitude <strong>of</strong> unfelt'.<br />
abst~actionsc . +s~F,ated"by his very,<br />
position ~,n sa~~:~~~tf , he ;m3.sta~ok #iii .<br />
own personal ar~~, t+~rzporaxy :cut uzal<br />
prediczitnent ~'o~' ; tkie pi~edicatnent, ref<br />
his . entire ~~c~ qty ,and tu;r~ed atw<br />
.tendon from .w~;;a'~ was really hop-<br />
. : , __peeing within '~ at~ .society;. H~ e-<br />
,_ven . tried- to .dive; sciciety something<br />
that the ~se~cie~y ~ as nearer ?past=_,"-<br />
:' : a<br />
its 'identity . N
DLACK WEST INDIANS DEFY FRENCH<br />
HOI~TKIES :/ Guadeloupe is one <strong>of</strong><br />
the two West Indian Islands controlled<br />
by the Fr ench, Its capitol,<br />
Fort de France, is famous because it .<br />
is the birth place <strong>of</strong> Frantz~Fanarr - -<br />
.<br />
and. greatest :3'~wla century <strong>Black</strong> Poet,<br />
Aime Cesaire . //<br />
,<br />
Paris, March second-- The"trial"<br />
<strong>of</strong> black guadelaupe anti-colonial- w<br />
ist fighters which was staged by<br />
the French ruling circles ~to sup<br />
press the guadelou~e national movewent<br />
for independence has ended~in .<br />
complete failure . The resolute- '°r .<br />
struggle <strong>of</strong> the guadeloupe patriots<br />
and the support <strong>of</strong> the French progressives<br />
have turned he "trial"<br />
into an indictment <strong>of</strong> French colon: ,,<br />
ial rule . .vrv. : :<br />
The scandalous trial started on ,; ; -,<br />
Feb, 19 in Paris . The 19 Guade- w<br />
loupe patriots standing trial (one<br />
in absentia} were arrested Last . .~,t ;;f<br />
May by the Fxench colonial author- : .,<br />
sties fluxing a sanguinary suppression<br />
<strong>of</strong> the demonstration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Guadeloupd. people . They were preposterously<br />
charged with "threat- v<br />
erring the ter~:itorial<br />
the country " just<br />
integrity <strong>of</strong> ~ , :rs : .<br />
because they<br />
demanded<br />
rule .<br />
an end to French colonial<br />
The <strong>Black</strong> Guadeloupe anti-colon- A solidarity ~ ~commi+;tee was orialist<br />
fighters put up -~ good fight. ganiaed by the French and progses-<br />
in court, They are their barrister sives on the very day when these<br />
turned the court into an frost-co- <strong>Black</strong> Guadeloupe anti -colonialist<br />
N<br />
BLACK POWER ; nAGE :,1 . . "<br />
, ;> y3,<br />
lonialist platform . ~T~ey,laid bare<br />
the miserable life <strong>of</strong> the Guade"<br />
loupe people under colonial exploitat<br />
on and racial discrimination<br />
and being deprived <strong>of</strong> all<br />
rights . They voiced the just demend<br />
' ` <strong>of</strong> the Guadeloupe people to<br />
be the masters <strong>of</strong> their own dest<br />
ny .<br />
Before the sentence wad passed,'<br />
SergE Glautle, . representative <strong>of</strong><br />
the patriots, declaxed at the court<br />
that " we reaffirm our political-w<br />
claim :,, .,,,,,, ours struggle is<br />
just because it ,is the struggle<br />
for the --~.iberation, di~ginity, and<br />
progress'` '<strong>of</strong> our people' ~~~<br />
A ,
7 v ~ ~: .<br />
`~ . :<br />
S .<br />
~<br />
~ . ~`rir ~ ,<br />
fig~;~ers' . were `~if~~~s ;~~tl'. .= . its simila~~',:'<br />
cammittee ; ~~ ha~~ . al's`~i~' b~e~ ,, ~or~aed<br />
the;=xes"i;dea~ts' ;~;~ , ~-G`ua`c~elau~~~.~ ~$Ya<br />
,txr<br />
que and Gu~ ~t~a ; (f ench colat#~' .<br />
ie~ in Latin America . ~ a.n ;,.f~ca~x~e : :<br />
These . ~1twQ -~ ~soli+da'r ~t'y "~ : ,coin ~te~~ :~<br />
have ax~¢an3.`~ed' a ' ni, inbe.~ . . ;Q~P . :de~not~» . ;<br />
stra~ion~,: ; °,<br />
I+t,-.,was .prec3`sely ~' ufidez the tes+~~- :<br />
lut .eJ stxctg~2~~ <strong>of</strong> tYia G~aiiel;oup~ ,pa : . .~.!<br />
triot~~-,~:a~ad the' pr~$sure .,Q~ pu1~;i~c ,:,,"<br />
opir~ian . °,;t2~at 'the ~. .F$ench covert paid ' ~~<br />
to acquit 13 <strong>of</strong> tale x9 arriested pa» : .<br />
triots . However, six patriots were<br />
arbitrarily sentenced to three .ox<br />
faun years' imp~ ;~;sat~rnent W3.tl thl~<br />
beHefit <strong>of</strong> respite .<br />
Ira i Maii news a r r : o<br />
Ame~ r~ca~s "mss''. e a<br />
oppression - _,r ; A~ril,.,~ nt~h -,<br />
Iraqi and Mali newspaper have<br />
expressed support fox the Afro-Ame»<br />
The Iraqi paper al shaab .in a<br />
commentary on April '7 said that the<br />
Afro~Americans armed resistance to<br />
violent suppression was shaking the<br />
rule <strong>of</strong> Washington i;o its very<br />
foundations and filling the U.S .<br />
with fear .<br />
:3' i C'. a .;' t : .: a' ; .i .<br />
t~: :.l~, : L ( .<br />
The papez said that in order to<br />
cover the expenses fox military ag»<br />
gression against other nations, the<br />
U .S, imperialists have imposed ex-<br />
horbitant taxes and high :.cost <strong>of</strong><br />
living on the middle class and the<br />
poor including the Afro-Americans .<br />
fhe policy <strong>of</strong> aggression pursued by<br />
U.S . imperialism will undoubtedly<br />
lead it to its collapse .<br />
An article carried by the pap.e~c<br />
on the same day referred to tt~e ,a.~» , . _ » .~..~.L '`W :.» »~ .:-_"-<br />
' ` ~l}.~'± "' `,~~<br />
sassinat pn :~og M~rtx~ni `Luth+~~ Kirig t :~,.~ ;,<br />
i<br />
" ,r ,<br />
by a rac'b.a~~zah~te~: ; : ,<br />
. ''I~"`saY .d' ;' Ki.n~; ,,,,v ~Suceess ~~fld'c~ke ` "<br />
wanted p?~e :t,thrc~~:~h nO~n jv11e~C2~)r) (' ., ; .s~ ;;146 ~Sraar ay"t"~'~' .S~re'et<br />
~<br />
.y<br />
but met with . ~ ,a' ~wioleti~~ death; he Sat1 Francisco, <strong>California</strong><br />
wanted : ,to . . achieve his rights with<br />
spe~ ~~x ,abut , was killers with but-<br />
i3~.ACK POWfR : . PAC3S 14<br />
lets . The Afro"Amexicans, t2xern :<br />
fore, moat counter wiolence with<br />
valence .<br />
'Ihe Mali paper, essay wxate in :gyp;:<br />
editorial yester~Iay , that "'fox° manor<br />
people ` the death <strong>of</strong> King means this<br />
end, o ;, the` myth ~<strong>of</strong> non-violer:cea"<br />
the 'nature <strong>of</strong> imperialism w~.1x<br />
never change, it said and a~~ ;<br />
"before the policy <strong>of</strong> capitalists<br />
and racist exploitation, the c+p~<br />
pressed are left with two options :<br />
either counter the reactionary, v o~~; ;:<br />
fence <strong>of</strong> ~t1~;iz :e~~aemii~s 'with a~~,a~p» ,<br />
reed ~~rataleoce . ; a~: su~a b~t~~<br />
--~rzcx
L3URNING SPFAR<br />
, P~1a . .1~<br />
~~1~~oxY o~<br />
d<br />
CHEYENNE FL IGHT NORTH : (This is<br />
Part II <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> three continued<br />
sections to be run in<br />
kf,, ~a,M. ~t PCr:a*: r )<br />
At noon, when the fight was nearly<br />
over, the Cheyenne survivors<br />
slipped away towaxd the camp <strong>of</strong><br />
Crazy Horse . They had nearly vane<br />
<strong>of</strong> their food they had carefully<br />
prepared for winter, and most <strong>of</strong><br />
their other belong~.ngs had been<br />
lost when MacKenzie's Pawnees had<br />
plundered their village and destroyed<br />
the lodges by fire . On the<br />
way to C~~azy Horse, eY.even children<br />
froze to death . Horses had to~be<br />
killed for food . But the Cheyenne<br />
;~arriors vowed revenge on Ma~-<br />
Kenzie's Pawnees once they joined<br />
forces with Crazy Horse .<br />
But Crazy Horse refused to joiC~ .<br />
the Cheyennes in reckless repraisals<br />
. "It is useless . The ~ ~°3asichus<br />
outnumber the blades <strong>of</strong> grass<br />
on the prairie ; we Indians can no<br />
longer stand against them . Friend<br />
Shahielas, it is time for us to<br />
be smart and prepare to walk the<br />
white man's road . Otherwise, we<br />
shall all be killed :" Dull Knife<br />
agreed . He believed that the only<br />
chance for surviva]~ was making<br />
peace with the white man .<br />
The band <strong>of</strong> Cheyennes surrendered<br />
to General Nelson Miles at Fort<br />
` ~ BLACK POWER . PAGE 15<br />
Keogh in ~the spring <strong>of</strong> 1877 . Thirty<br />
braves, indignant at Crazy Horse's<br />
"betrayal", enlisted as scouts with<br />
Miles Calvary to held round up the<br />
Sioux . The rest were sent south to<br />
Darlington Reservation in irrdian<br />
Territory ---- not Oklahoma . There<br />
they joined 'the :Sout;:zern Cheyennes<br />
and waited fox the peace and prosperity<br />
they had been promised .<br />
In the south,' the buffalo<br />
gone and the Souttxern Cheyennes had<br />
cleaned up what snail game there<br />
been . Still, the -1~~7xthern<br />
Cheyennes would not take food sway<br />
from their relatives . Sickness and<br />
fever weakened the starving band .<br />
Within a year more than half <strong>of</strong><br />
Dull Knife's people were dead :<br />
One' day in the middle <strong>of</strong> August<br />
1878, Dull Knife' `'~xid' Little Wolf<br />
went to the ag~t~t arid asked him to<br />
allow the Che+yrer :'ri`~s~ to go back to<br />
their home . Dull :":rife' was sick, so<br />
Little Wolf spoke :<br />
"We have come.<br />
t~d . `ask the agent<br />
that we be sei~t ~~' Y:ome to oux own<br />
country in the mouraains . My people<br />
were raised there in a land <strong>of</strong> pines<br />
and clear, cold rivers . There, we<br />
were always healthy, for there was<br />
meat enough for ab1 . hle were happy<br />
there until the Great Father's sol~<br />
diers brought us here . Now, in the<br />
years that we hove been in this<br />
southern country, more .fihar. half <strong>of</strong><br />
us have died . This i~ not a good<br />
place for us -- there is too much<br />
sickness and head.° and dust, and not<br />
enough food . We wish to return to
BURNfiPd~ SPEAR (ConLi~~ued)<br />
. .<br />
'<br />
.<br />
our, home in she nou~at~r~.ns . If you<br />
have not the ,:>ower t ~ ah~:alw us to g4 :<br />
there, let so ..~re <strong>of</strong> u
SOUL S ISTA .- Cont inued<br />
M<br />
O<br />
J<br />
A<br />
:<br />
Polygamy ,is .~ - ,su'~jetct, . on. ~ which<br />
many peopha-, have written `'fbr and<br />
against . In Africa the t n~rbtagonists<br />
speak ., .<strong>of</strong> .~ .i .t as ,` ark `~frican<br />
custom and m.ar}ogamy $~trop~an,. 3ut<br />
polygamy vas ,:a . .formi <strong>of</strong> marriage is<br />
practiced in many partsf <strong>of</strong> the<br />
world besides llfrica . It ;_ requires<br />
no definition but for ~t~e r:<br />
purpose<br />
<strong>of</strong> clarity it can be described as a<br />
form <strong>of</strong> ,marriage in which several<br />
r-,<br />
: w. vds ,art united- .to acne, man, each<br />
= , e :- 'having status <strong>of</strong> :a legaL,consort,<br />
"'~~ while ~the :~ <strong>of</strong>fspring a~~ regarded as<br />
legs°1>~childr .en <strong>of</strong> the : ~nu~band,<br />
~- It'i is <strong>of</strong>ten forgo~ .ten that. poly_<br />
' ga?~y i`s not s© much<br />
riage fui~~Iamentally<br />
a fb~rm <strong>of</strong> mar-<br />
~ d s~~nc,t from<br />
monogamy' acs;-;-rather a x~~ltxple monogamy<br />
. : Tt His always, ; - in fact, the<br />
repetition <strong>of</strong> a marriage contract<br />
entered individually with eeicth<br />
9 Y' 4<br />
BLACK' POWER--;: ~ PAGE 12,~
SOUL S ISTA' ~CQ Aft inued } ,,<br />
,<br />
M<br />
O<br />
J<br />
A<br />
The real basin,_ . . principle <strong>of</strong> any<br />
marriage in its true sense is the<br />
union <strong>of</strong> perso ;lahi"ties . The Bible'<br />
says for the sake <strong>of</strong> marriage : " a<br />
man leaves his father and his mothers<br />
and r. a .r avss 'fib his wife, and<br />
man leaves his father and his mother<br />
and cleaves to ris wife, and<br />
they become cne fleeh" . It is in<br />
monogamy that this ic?eal is achieved<br />
. The wholE> institution in its<br />
sexual, paren~:al,ecor.~.omic,legal and<br />
relic,!"ons aspe cts is founded on the<br />
fact that the real fLl.nction <strong>of</strong> marriage,<br />
sexual union, production anal<br />
care <strong>of</strong> childt en . andr ~, the, cd-opera- ' ;<br />
tion which it imiplies, requires essentially<br />
two people and two people<br />
only .<br />
Waienever men begin to realise<br />
their responsibilities polygamy<br />
dies a natura~_ death .<br />
In certain independent states in<br />
Africa, for e ::ample, in Tun~.sia and<br />
Morocco,d.espi':e their_ Islamic background<br />
which r~rmits polygamy, legislation<br />
has moved strongly to<br />
wards monogamy . ! Tuxiisia '' has, in<br />
fact, abolished polygamy by law<br />
The same is 'true' 'oF`~sdme indepenc'ent<br />
countries in Asia -- India and<br />
Y~IoYth Viet Nam, for instance . Mono-<br />
~+amy is a sign or progress .<br />
-In conc7~usion ; , .,7~ ,~~ou],r,1 r- like < to :<br />
szote some~'poifts ~roln f the - . Go~n~rents<br />
<strong>of</strong> the presb~iterian~ church .<strong>of</strong>f Ghana<br />
ca she Ghana ;, (n~tiite .> s .paper on f ~ ~~x~<br />
riage, di .o-c~ ax~~, inher,itagce~ .<br />
"With regard tb the .relat,oq~ <strong>of</strong> ,<br />
mean and wome:y} .in marriage r.~t~d : ,~ ~v<br />
home life,' tfi gee ~uhdaznental ;points -<br />
may bP ma~ttio red ~her~e :<br />
I3LACIt 70WER : ' `'PAGE 1~ .w<br />
;<br />
.<br />
wife, establishing an individual<br />
l : Marriage is intended by ad tc~<br />
relationship ~~etween the man and be the exclusive life-long uni n <strong>of</strong><br />
each <strong>of</strong> his partners .<br />
one man and one '~~voman . Tl ~.,c :.<br />
It is a trL:isrn to say that mono- made clear in the holy scrip ur_~s, .,.\,<br />
gamy is, has 'peen and will remain by Jesus' going bel~, nd the pol g~ar y<br />
the true typE <strong>of</strong> ~ marriage . It is sanctioned by the ~~saic lacv to .::^-<br />
'the pattern ~.rad prototype <strong>of</strong> mar- affirm this as the, ui11 <strong>of</strong> god .<br />
'- iage . This<br />
trite<br />
point explains away<br />
w:ze<br />
argument that th~-~e `ys rzo-"<br />
,, w:<br />
where in the bible where ;;polygamy<br />
is forbidden . ' ,;~Me bible does h~ ",~e<br />
examples <strong>of</strong><br />
~~ e,,<br />
gx~evous c~an ;~e-~<br />
quences <strong>of</strong> polygamous marriage<br />
among the early men o~ God . Ttvas<br />
because <strong>of</strong> Abraham'`s second m~,w.-riage<br />
that Ismael we;s- borr. a s a<br />
rival <strong>of</strong> the legitimate son o'=<br />
Jacob . Jacob's polygamous marr~.vr~~<br />
bro~it~ht ha,m ; . nothing :but grief ;^;nd<br />
anxi+~fy . ~ ~r~ the leter history <strong>of</strong><br />
tt~e J`evus pdlyga~iy was not pract~:~^d<br />
at all :<br />
2 i~Men grid women hive equal val?~c:<br />
and dignity in 'the, ~i9~t : ~+f God, ar ,<br />
equably redeemed . ~~ . Ytim in Je ~~~~~<br />
Christ . The respect atad honouz<br />
which Jesus treated #~cm~ was .v~r<br />
not~?~J.e i:n Jewish soc~.ety ~a wY.:Lc?~~<br />
women ~Azere ndt ' noir~ally given a<br />
high place . ~"Thi;~ is feasible: ira<br />
monogamous marriage where marriage<br />
is a total un :pn <strong>of</strong> two persona -<br />
ties . The equality <strong>of</strong> men and wo~,<br />
men is strongly emphasized in t:ae<br />
creation story . It zs partnership<br />
and not master and servant as i~t i ;;<br />
manifested in the poi ygamous rzatriages<br />
. Dr . D . M . G . Stalke r ~;,~~: "".;<br />
this cleanly in the: creation s~to :p~<br />
A woman is not from the man's head<br />
to have dominion over him, nor f_~-o?n<br />
mhys feet:~abr'be `tram~iled u on ~,'<br />
t .,,'<br />
.<br />
. . ~<br />
him, but from his `s~.r~ec~'ne , '~ `t~'io . Y.~s'<br />
'<br />
~:He-art to b~ .cherishe+~v and` loved by<br />
:;.shim as a partner, , ,<br />
A haply carriage is the' one in<br />
J `<br />
~~ ~ a,<br />
rccv3<br />
- .tc; :which the Partners always thi .r:k<br />
;prmore <strong>of</strong> each other thafr themselves .<br />
:,s~:~r~elf shness s the murdefex nfi :vas.-<br />
"riage . BTVf~'ii'! polygamy 'the centre<br />
i : ;c ..
SOUL S ISTA'<br />
M<br />
O<br />
J<br />
A<br />
.<br />
<strong>of</strong> every Thing<br />
pleasure . - i~<br />
fishness .<br />
is the hu`s~ac~'~s""~ ~ ~<br />
is a marria.c~e . .<strong>of</strong> sel-<br />
In advocating for rnonogamous~marriage<br />
against polygamy I am .concerned<br />
with whit will promote~,_human<br />
dignity and a sound sQCiaY~.life .<br />
This is evident in the .life <strong>of</strong> any<br />
nation anal communities" where monoga::""~<br />
i s. .<br />
the practice and law,<br />
i<br />
~~-.r-~,~.r~r '<br />
. ? , . .<br />
r , .-<br />
.:x,r .<br />
. .<br />
.<br />
D~AECQiA, S r .t~~'ON SA~fS,'. ., . . ~ ., .<br />
~~<br />
~.~r ...<br />
.e<br />
,<br />
,<br />
-arc: .<br />
. .m,4 : .c ._ .<br />
ty~un en in tire<br />
world t`ra.n . mri~ . Wiry :;h ~~l.dntt- ..a<br />
man h~ 3e d :~ ..ffe:ren c we~m~2 ~ . .,. o., ,;af-ter<br />
a1?,, some; axe beiaer a-c coc~ki,ng,<br />
Bonze a'c xearing children, some at<br />
going to bed, others at taping<br />
care <strong>of</strong> the house ." ,<br />
Dakota 5taton, one <strong>of</strong> ; ;,;,,Amera~ca's<br />
top songstresses, is now ., :al&o ::ra devoute<br />
BLACK POWER : PAGE 19<br />
:3F :<br />
q..~AYrAw<br />
woute Muslim and so believes in the<br />
Muslim practice <strong>of</strong> polygamy, She<br />
is maxrie~d to "Alhaji" Talib Ahmad<br />
Dawud anal; . declares that when her<br />
husband',3.ntxdduced her to Allah she<br />
found peace <strong>of</strong> mind . As a polygamy<br />
supporter, she says : Mari is naturally<br />
polygamous, He is supposed to<br />
have more than one woman, In Amex-<br />
?.ca, everybody knows that a married<br />
inar~ has more than one woman, but<br />
they wc~n't admit . it . kYE're~so~hy~~ WM<br />
~ocritical ,ab~u't~~¢veryth3 :ng, ~-<br />
"On the~"~othe.r hand, wornen . . ..axe -supposed<br />
to be monn~gamaus, When a<br />
woman wants another man, .there's .got<br />
to be a good rea~o~i~, But if a<br />
man r. .afl ;support moxe .than -orre womata<br />
then let : him,' "<br />
~ ~.~ ~. .~ .x x .K ~ ~ x .~ ~-~ x ~ .,~. .,~.~ ~r x-x ~ -~-~<br />
Woman without man ,is like field without<br />
seed,<br />
I can did; BLACK POZ~JER : Pl~a~~ send me : .<br />
l.~ 1 year' ~ subscription C' ~=:~00)<br />
L`7 6 months subser ption'-( ::~1 "75)<br />
I live outside the San F`fanc~i~~o' Bay Area :<br />
1 yea,r~ s subscr~ .pt ori ( ~. ~5)<br />
6 months subscription (~2 .2~ .)<br />
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Make a,ll checks to BT,ACK. 'fUWF.~2<br />
'. . . 'J ~ ..~ . . . ..
RATS, ROACHES, AND RU1~`VS<br />
It seems that the time <strong>of</strong> year<br />
had come " °ardund -, -again , for-=the Annual<br />
Spring Fe~~tility Festival, and<br />
all over Itt tkie middle-class citizens<br />
and the aris ocxacy were making<br />
avid preparations . The peasants<br />
were par=~.~ularly excited be<br />
cause, being able to sing well at~d<br />
having a nat~.iral sense <strong>of</strong> rhythm .]<br />
they always ~;howed up everybody<br />
else durWg thn week-long Festival<br />
It was their one time to really<br />
break out .<br />
Rufus - Reddi,-~g, the spokesman for<br />
the peasants, rNas in the Emperor's<br />
chambers-go ng.avex the last drafts<br />
<strong>of</strong> plans for the Festival .<br />
"Nau- what---we'd .like 3s a Foxtune-<br />
Telling Both,' Rufus said, "with<br />
some conga dr '~rimers out in front to<br />
stir -uia . . bus.ir~ess,,, and w_e'd like a<br />
place to sell Soul Food, and="<br />
"I don't knc-~u , " the Emper or mused,<br />
easing back in his golden throne .<br />
You peasants have been getting<br />
mighty uppity lately, you knave,"<br />
Rufus fxownE~d, "I know," he nodded,<br />
breaking into a smile . "We've<br />
had our c~if :'erences over the past<br />
yea<br />
BLACK POIi~ER : PAGE 20<br />
Rufus frowned . "I know," he nodded,<br />
breaking into a smile . "We've<br />
dad our differences over the past<br />
year, but this is more important<br />
than ,all that . You know how my<br />
people Love"the Festival ."<br />
` "And` . Trve been talking to-the Empress,lately,"<br />
the Empe~or ;contir,ued<br />
. "She 'told me that some <strong>of</strong> you<br />
~easants. liave-been singing autsidw<br />
her', pa~,ace in, the rnoinings arw9<br />
~> p~.aying drums, too-~-"<br />
,!'they've just been practic ng.f~.the<br />
Festiival sir" ` Rufusrsmile~i w.<br />
pologetically . - 'v_"Now ' about .~hr .,<br />
chitterling sale we'de .,like ;.,o<br />
have-______+~ .,<br />
"The Lfuke seems to agree with
HOUSE OF UMOJ~<br />
.,<br />
.~ ~ p`r'rmary~pa~pose <strong>of</strong> t~~ House <strong>of</strong> Umoja ~(Uz~zty ) as its tradit3.ona].<br />
, ,t ,~ . . .<br />
name impli'c~s, is designed to build a nation <strong>of</strong> BZ-ack ,_Peo~];:e whose love . ,- ,.<br />
-_~ :3 a . .<br />
and, : unity is so' s~triSriE and tight that 'x~o poison wil~.`be fble o<br />
, .z . '<br />
taminat~ the <strong>Black</strong> rhythm for unity aria libexation .<br />
our<br />
33ir ACK POWEF2' ;<br />
THE HOUSE OF UMOJA<br />
is the '<strong>of</strong>ficial organ. <strong>of</strong> the house aiE`.'Umoja .<br />
. .<br />
,<br />
We believe, Brothers ana Sisters ;<br />
_<br />
: . ,-<br />
? c .-, . :<br />
that we must come together because<br />
. ., , . . . .<br />
aricestors~ demand `'that we raise 'their puxe <strong>Black</strong> Souls on to the . :<br />
vestil~'rzle `~'~`. t'he c~ood" T31ack dirt ~ and a~sove the<br />
'`' i .~ .o , . ~,, f..t<br />
slave 'ships, h'aurited plantations anc~ C`o'rrupt, dixty<br />
. . .r"?<br />
decadence whioh'wiTY 'not' let our<br />
joys <strong>of</strong> eternal ' li~~pZt~es's - . In a word, this<br />
, :,y<br />
buy ! . ..<br />
Nc° .~*,<br />
gu Zangu<br />
o ;'<br />
Wa~i~~ufua ''4?ai sH<br />
` ! ( long l:we , our ai +cestor s : : r<br />
I . .<br />
; . .<br />
_i . .<br />
JCZUIta~f1-.LOF Y3L 1~~ 1'~ .~;'~"~~~'<br />
130 5 i:+~ias°on c ^-ve := :'-#4<br />
fan F'ra.ncisco,, G~.l~if94X17<br />
BLACK POWER : Page 21<br />
white stench <strong>of</strong>tMe , .sunken<br />
createva Love Supreme~ a whirlwind w'h~:ch a UNITED<strong>Black</strong> . Man . will .rele-.<br />
.,<br />
, , . ' 1 '; . ~<br />
.<br />
. . ' ~ . i . : . , . : . : , . . . .<br />
f ..,<br />
'li .?<br />
.j,<br />
gate'to the ashes <strong>of</strong> oblivion the'evil`wibratio~'s<br />
. . .<br />
<strong>of</strong> western white<br />
~ , ,<br />
ancestors part~l~e, in the music an<br />
is vu~at the House <strong>of</strong> Umo~a<br />
CO~Chairman Mwananchz rn"ie Mka zmoto<br />
. . " SJ~1 ; i .t .. . . . . . '<br />
. .. . . . . . ~ ~<br />
'~i~'--Ci harman B~;~axaat~c~j : Robert Uweza,<br />
? ;i~ o .~, , . i~<br />
na~, ..~5.,. ~ . .`?~ . . :,<br />
..I. ..L'r~,t'~ .,<br />
t~~,kla:nd, ~;a'lif:<br />
1-~t9U:~ .~ ~:~ . 11iViOJ :'- se~ys send<br />
your° money to help 4-iu~y!<br />
,<br />
) ;~ .r :<br />
~7f7tx,z1 Fi<br />
:'K .~ T1 .fr ..,,`7 T<br />
d' ~. ~, i .t" :~
POD~ : ~ N.~G:~10 CONT~. ^ F~ .iS.c ~. ~Lr:N~~S<br />
iVLi~;:R~ITT .,<br />
~iC1'a<br />
:~-=CIaT~. .. ~~i .~L G ~3L~:GIG D1c;<br />
'<br />
, .<br />
. . . .<br />
Las elecc3ones- ~ars`antes qu¢~ ~~+~ .'~'. ~~~-'<br />
tuvo recientemente en Ql colegio . c~t<br />
Merzitt eri ~-~ Ia ciud~-,c~ de Oakland'<br />
(<strong>California</strong><br />
. ) euando l,a ~~lministra-<br />
I' ft :, ;^; t " , ~.Ll'.! .<br />
:<br />
: : ::<br />
1 ;.<br />
:<br />
c~.on bla~~a ~hterv3.nio e~' ~Y ~~Qid<br />
car de ~.~ gerlte ri+~g~a en +~~ . gbb~.er~, . .<br />
no estudiantil ya<br />
.c >` : .':<br />
ha acabadcl ~n n~ia<br />
desastre completo,<br />
Los blancos racsst=~°s:- ;fan ac~iisac~os ~'<br />
a que lo,s militantes negros han amentados<br />
, ~ '<br />
.<br />
i<br />
a sft s blancos'`'"~ac stas ~ ;,eon<br />
asesinato a menos que,, .,lo,s blancos<br />
racistas abandonen 'sus '~ uest~css en"<br />
eI gobierno estudiantil . Y tamb.ien<br />
Ios blaricos~~`tie~nen que trata~ `para`'<br />
que apoyar $u act tud rac~.sta gqr<br />
Ios negros militaiates ' ~ a ~~Ids m3e~tb-'<br />
ros de concQjo pr~.ncipal estudiantiI<br />
amanazar7:os cbh` "asesin,a~tio his=<br />
ico n , ,<br />
Frti realidad, `la hermana Mak hya `<br />
(Harriet Smith,), una militante gegra,<br />
y la presidents `"de los est idi-' `<br />
antes asociados del colegio de Merritt,<br />
su ~ie~a _, .h.~. es~~ida ameriazada<br />
pox sus enemigos, y sus hermanos<br />
militantes desde hosts Los Angeles<br />
han estados la guardia de corps , de<br />
ells desde ., e~~onces la elecca.on<br />
farsante . Segun-mocha per's'oria's es~''<br />
tas acusaciones contra los militantes<br />
negros fuergn fer,~~dcis ~para ~sconder<br />
los hechos gnn~, .<br />
'<br />
~iezori_~ a' Yl~c~,~roh 1tie~klt~, fi'e'sta obra<br />
fiteton :' exdl~i~do siste~a.t :tcameu~~a,<br />
: t r ~, : , t ~w, ~ ~ .-,<br />
, . ,<br />
yes e ~~ ~~ta~'~+~ `'c~on~e '~ a
, th<br />
T i.LS IS r" tOUa .i:J fll' U1ViCyJta PUBLIC~ "TIDN<br />
~ a. r v < ~ BL'A~K F(~WER ; ' .<br />
,~~ : t ~w" y . .<br />
The first 50ULfOOK cvox,k ;.<strong>of</strong> ;- .a~ up~and coming young B~:ack<br />
writer, potent .ally, one, o.F ;~~e best: : <strong>of</strong>d: =tl~e .,g~neratiori .''<br />
The 19 year-old L~r:othex g yes a to-t~h~~wp~fnt:` review <strong>of</strong>'<br />
Regis Debray's Revolution-. in : a Revo3, .itt~iroi~~3r~ ~ with particulax<br />
emphasis on it,~ .-. alap~ cation in ~E~1a'ck America . `<br />
~E PROPAGANpA~D~TA~HM~I~T,;QF THE VIETNAI~SE LIBERATION<br />
r ;r,ARMY : ., . . . . . . . . '~~alo Nguyen' Giap<br />
Translated~fxom the Fxench by the SOULBOOK Foreign<br />
Language Dep,artine~n ;t, ~ this story <strong>of</strong> the : beg~:nning days<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Democratic Republic o~ Vietnam .~:.is~written by~<br />
the military and pol tical " genius who masterminded<br />
the .devasta,t~ng Tet . .Offensxvs last January:<br />
_,t ` :~<br />
Page 23<br />
.<br />
'<br />
_<br />
.<br />
. ~<br />
,<br />
~<br />
.<br />
ON C~N1`12t~T.IZAT ION, , , . , , , , . s : , , , , , , , ; ; L , ,Rola ~c3 Snel lings<br />
L;rinc~s'~.iiut the .necessity for .-.the creat.i?an .'<strong>of</strong> ''a <strong>Black</strong><br />
Uni*tec~ . Front, such a~ has ;b:e:en formed i nwWashzngton,<br />
D .C . . ; ~kie~ S~n .Francis.co Bay, :;l~rea, anx~~Los :Angeles, by<br />
a Brother wl o worked in Atlanta with- their founder',<br />
Brothex 5tokely Carmichaclr. . r°. -,-<br />
REJECT NOT$$ ..: . . , . . . . . . . , . . . ,.,: . . . . . . . . .'" ; ;,; ::I31;ack= ~T,?oets<br />
yet y~'eopy from<br />
aUC.-~- .c:.~~ Iiv~xt,~<br />
Anothex, fantastic selection .o-f poetr~r fxom the ;'3OUi,~- ` ! 14'B Leavenworth<br />
BOOK ~P`cietry Department, ; Ine~l~uded is -poetry by ~Hq Chi '~-'~ ~a'n 1='~~ncisco,<br />
Minh, .. CaroX" ~`reeman (perhaps-,the best poet :<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> `' Califo'`~°hia'-94120<br />
South) ~ ., `and Ernie Mka7.iinoto .(;Allenl,,,l~ational Cow<br />
i_ : or<br />
Cha~.rman, <strong>of</strong> the House~<strong>of</strong>, .Umaj.a . r : ; .~ r> ~ :' :~ ~ioulbook<br />
A PR ISON_ DIAP~Y~, ., . . . Q .~ ., . .~ o ;,, .< , . . . , ,<br />
pr'P ;°<br />
. , , . ;, . . Phan ~ 1Whuah '- ~berkeley, ca 1if94701<br />
Another fzr °st fpsr, , the,, r,O~,Ji,,~z<strong>of</strong>l~{ Foreig~a; Langua+~~~ ~ De~~art~~ ; or<br />
ment, An in¢im,?'Le s°to =l , .pf ~,he early: .l.ife <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong>r the ~e ~raM~m~<br />
greatest revo~.it~; :%ona ~.eti, the world has ever known, Presi- 32'45 VJ . C;nica~o Blvd,<br />
dent Ho Chi Pflinh, ~ . :: ;~, ^"pt 401<br />
, . L7etroit, ~,r ichi~;an<br />
FANONIAN IL~EO:L.OGY r:P~nTHL?. FF,ASANTRY, . . , . .Abdelbaki Hermassi 48206<br />
Translated by SOU'~.BOO C, th7.s is a short revie~b- .<strong>of</strong> the rev- or<br />
ol~ationary theories o :~ B:°.o-~her Frantz :Fanon, the great <strong>Black</strong> L~o~b tAamilton<br />
writer and psychiata^>~.st<br />
OfiHER ~~VERSIONS, . . . , , . o , . o . . . , 4 : . . , . . , . . . :- .Ama~,rlAta Aid~iri .~ :<br />
< :. : .<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the short st:a~ies .d~ -tlYe year, this .wa~e~k~~l~y a'' ;'<br />
young Sister from Ghana reflects the dynamic young<br />
viewpoints <strong>of</strong> the SOULBOO&C staff . Fresh and <strong>Black</strong>,<br />
A -: ,<br />
CUBA : THE UNTCLD STORY (PART I ) , , . . . . ~ * : Carlos, ~MoaY<br />
Must, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything va xt "' ,`~ abov'~ i~Ui~<br />
.<br />
.<br />
'<br />
.<br />
. ~<br />
, , ;<br />
. r ;<br />
p o i~~x 1097<br />
° 473 V, 152nd<br />
l~ew Yor1~; Tv "<br />
_<br />
Y .<br />
Donald F'~reman<br />
' New' 3chnol ~<strong>of</strong><br />
~'.frci~:rn~r can<br />
Tl~ou~ht ,<br />
I4t1i-atreet<br />
Guevara, Castro, or the Cuban revolut:.ic~xn: Written by 'an' m'v' '- 1~T" 'vv<br />
Afro-Cuban, Part I deals with the background <strong>of</strong> the Cuban<br />
. vi!?..s nin~;ton D " G "<br />
situation, the <strong>Black</strong> xevolutionaries, and the racism'inherent<br />
in Cuba from the days when she was a slave port to<br />
the United States .<br />
75~
DR . MARTIN KING (Continued #2)<br />
ti"iolence in the<br />
wgrld~ ."<br />
For those who 'kriei~ - the 'man and<br />
the depth <strong>of</strong> his non-violent con-"<br />
~.~ietians, this was the admission <strong>of</strong><br />
grave incertitude and defeat, But<br />
a dangerous defeat for whom? Least<br />
nor the <strong>Black</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the ghettos, who<br />
lead, by their own pressure, pushed<br />
the apostle <strong>of</strong> .non»violence to take<br />
on such a poszt~;.c~n, . :` `Mostly foz the<br />
white power structfuxe,<br />
In Autumn, 1966`, Dr, King decided<br />
'to push his <strong>of</strong>fensive <strong>of</strong> non»vialence<br />
in the North by beginning in<br />
Chicago, He prepared a march on<br />
Cicerd`(a section <strong>of</strong> Chicago), then<br />
calhed it <strong>of</strong>f at :the last minute<br />
after the local authorities made a<br />
promise <strong>of</strong> concessions .<br />
Two years later, ;, the uprising<br />
that overflowed in the supportive<br />
march for the garbage collectors <strong>of</strong><br />
Memphis could no longer afford an<br />
occasion for suprise . :. . King, in e~-<br />
~:ect, had to count mo.~g and more on<br />
pressure excercised by ;$~o~Cely Car-<br />
~ichael and numexous othex Chris»<br />
vian leaders <strong>of</strong> the South ; even<br />
SNCC had remained non-violent only<br />
as long as the weight <strong>of</strong> oppression<br />
had allowed .<br />
King himself was walking a tight-<br />
7_°ope . His is the tragedy <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong>,<br />
liberals,ir~ a society based on ;seg» ; :<br />
negation . Reduced .to making 'comp-, ! ; ;<br />
r~mises :from all sides, at the same<br />
4i~e ._ .h.e ;had to relay the challenge<br />
;that a new generation :<strong>of</strong> ~3lacks ,had , : ,<br />
flung at him, _alb, the -.wh l .~ ~~ntQxtwining<br />
the liberal illusionv that<br />
the "integrationist,d3.alogue" was<br />
still po Bible .<br />
From there we go on to the real<br />
causes <strong>of</strong> King's death- ., It .was ,irk- .<br />
:;erted on the AmeXa.can calendar- :. a : ,<br />
few days before Johnson;'s, : ~ '"peace<br />
~affensive" in Vietnam ; this was not<br />
by accident . The "hawks," the American<br />
army which wa~~ hum lia't.ec~ ,by , ,<br />
a loss <strong>of</strong> initiative :,,-;~qu.xvalent to . r<br />
defeat in the famous ~ T~at~}Offensive,<br />
and the ; tensions betw~e~r~ t~aoae : .wha_ .<br />
earned their livelihood through the<br />
nar and those who; ; ~uaoted : ;'.'geaGe", ,<br />
slid not spare this ~. .~la~~C libexal<br />
.hrham ,:hey had expected, better _<strong>of</strong>; - .<br />
In the Herald Tribune editorial<br />
t:~n pa~ ~ 22 tree title should Ue<br />
^_ ;;,rb,~,~~:I~y-P~-~-~, instea3 <strong>of</strong> ^-1VIZi;1~IC:1 ;<br />
BLACK POWER : Page 2~l<br />
~if February 24, 1968, a last a,-nd<br />
grave warning was addressed to King<br />
on the question <strong>of</strong> the tylack United<br />
Font that he and Carmichael had<br />
farmed in several cities (including<br />
the San Francisco Bay Area . . . .ed.) :<br />
"King's poorly thought-out campaign<br />
coincic~s exactly with the new Lenmist<br />
stage--and,th~e most:dang;erous<br />
one-»<strong>of</strong> the rapid ascension~,<strong>of</strong> Stokely<br />
Carmichael towards the-.summit .<br />
Tn effect, the lattex-,;s3nce :his return<br />
has been practi~Eing :;th~ ' Len»<br />
mist tactics <strong>of</strong> alla.ance, .;between<br />
revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries<br />
."<br />
~v Urr3aed~ with K~.ng, the xevolutionaries<br />
could take the initiative ail<br />
the more, as they then : :had at their<br />
disposal theeBlv~k masse whom King<br />
could cause to~move intothe struggle<br />
. With King dead :they (the<br />
white power) thought they could<br />
make the "L31ack mdr~stera" leave<br />
theix "jungles" so bheyr':oould be<br />
<strong>of</strong>fed by racists . : ;: Kingcs. death<br />
could serve ~. : . as a ;~us~tification for<br />
repression against <strong>Black</strong> '"extrem<br />
ists ." But, in fact, the revolutionaries<br />
have shown that with or<br />
w,i,thout, King they have th+~ ` in tiative<br />
. . .,if King'had to Pay with his<br />
life for the difficult" task <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Black</strong> Unification ., . . .in .,the United<br />
States, his mux~der is .already achieving<br />
results ; the coming together<br />
<strong>of</strong> lack Amexicans is a more fitting<br />
tribute : to the goal <strong>of</strong> Martin<br />
Luther King's life work than all<br />
the useless eulogies that have been<br />
wx3tten after ,him.<br />
Stack Power salute-°~~s gspen~~OZane-bearing body aJ Dr . Kinr~<br />
as it readies jpr ~IIR'e hxs taken$,, ,trip . tm.,.A~tanta .
Why must II] ack People un te? °This<br />
is a question that many <strong>Black</strong> Amenicarxs<br />
axe asking themselves today ..<br />
The .a:nswer is that we ,must unite i~a.<br />
order : to s, ~ vive,- in order o pr :esen<br />
:a common" frcar~t to Qux appress4.x"s;<br />
: .<br />
Why did the Vietr~amese . un te? Why<br />
did they feelthey, needed aNational<br />
Liberation Fr.or~t? I~o all Vietnamese<br />
have ~~e same interests?<br />
Let us cake a nook at the Nation-~<br />
a~ Libex,atiora .Fxant (NLFj in South<br />
V3,etnam : ~ Tnsa;de .the front ,you ~r~,'il<br />
find'Catholics, Communists, Buck- .<br />
dhists, capitalist,, workers, peas<br />
ants,, and soei-alis~s . Each group<br />
has d f~'erent self-interests which<br />
it vaax~ts-, tci , pxoteot . - Then ,why .do<br />
Vietnamese corns together? They<br />
come together because ..r .the~r have<br />
Y<br />
r....~..~ .- _<br />
~cotamota -interest , wh~.ch ~s more im- ,<br />
portant than all <strong>of</strong> their d fferen-<br />
~ "~++I ~ r~+~ err ~rrrrr .<br />
ces put together, and that interest<br />
lies in ;seeing ,white. American im- ;<br />
pezialism driven : . out, <strong>of</strong> their<br />
country . No .-one group <strong>of</strong> Vietnamese<br />
itself . , whether it be Communest,,or<br />
:Capitalist, or IIuddhist,,<br />
or Socialist, is capable .af~dxiv ng<br />
the ; white. man ,out <strong>of</strong> . their country,<br />
The Vietnamese realize ths;t the on,ly<br />
way to figlat the war is to . join :<br />
together in a common-front which u~<br />
nites all those who can be united,<br />
and neutralizes or isolates those<br />
who cannot ox will not be brought<br />
over . , This-' is the way a united<br />
frotat works .<br />
When, we ].ook at our situation in<br />
the United .~tates, we see that the<br />
overriding contradiction in Amexiaa<br />
today is ; that between the <strong>Black</strong>,Nationalist<br />
oppressors . No one would<br />
d+sny that there., are dif~exences<br />
with the Blank Nation, but just as<br />
in the ,case <strong>of</strong> th~x~ Va:etnacrnese, . the<br />
common interest w-e have is - `the s,.,~:ur ,<br />
v,oval <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> Nation far ou~cweigli<br />
these difference's . ;vie have<br />
Uncle Toms, certainly, but'they-can<br />
,<br />
~<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
in . n o~ . ~a,y ?ae co, pared ta, Ch~.ang<br />
Kai~shsk, because no : :L31ac1~ .g~er sQnr<br />
in America ~has,~v r "~ws~. .. . ~3~ t3~e<br />
power which Ch3;ang ,{ai-shek once.<br />
had. . Arid history shows that even<br />
though~Chiang Kai-s ek was a trait-<br />
or to the cause oaE tainese people,<br />
Mao Tse--tang was able<br />
to unite with<br />
him in a common front<br />
when China<br />
was invaded b~ Japan in 1935 .<br />
didN ~-NI'> C3r1aZ'c~a~'FR .;~o,~Qa~.,~, ~Hl~ WktIT~.; N1,<br />
Q<br />
i.t~<br />
OT N$CF~SARTLY<br />
~N OF THE , $ATTO~'S<br />
a~~Y~ r.~<br />
.~ OM.Y<br />
ECTS T~tB P!QS ITiTON<br />
~.~13 TH .~
~EGAUSk CrARVEY WIR$ A, VERX llRll:4lANT AN'C Y40RlL,;S~'VE YpUNQ NAN .<br />
"NEYkR-SAY" DtC~' PHILOSCPNY WHICH g~1gWONT KIM Af1R~t6t .ENT POfITI<br />
NC .WAS 3CNERAI.<br />
MAMAdER pP A<br />
4ARGC PRINTINd ~tA1Q~r'~<br />
F1RM~ WHEN HC , ~~~ r~~~Q~'<br />
.<br />
.<br />
~WS~ aNI.,Y ~ t tl ~<br />
It1:a11TE EN rRa .<br />
OL D .<br />
'<br />
'~'<br />
oa EpoFOfC<br />
,~~~~N1~~<br />
: ;<br />
Wl # 4E IN<br />
~r : .. .<br />
PQI.I T l ,~~S , d' A,RY~EY6$E~V,ED~ TME,<br />
fTF' " A AtK PEOPLE . kiItRVEY<br />
,.,<br />
CONDiT1O M 3 ." ~<br />
NOTICED THk1Ry<br />
/'"'"<br />
NBA<br />
"AK AK`i".<br />
s~ur~w A.~~~<br />
11E46<br />
LAE011<br />
Q'A'RYEY TRAVELED<br />
TRRp11QM~aWT : THt<br />
WEST-`~NDIEB . CENTRAL.<br />
ANb ROUfiH AMEIU~<br />
CA, ME 'FOUNp<br />
~ : TMC CCiNDIY'lOIrS .<br />
. bF ,i,84AClt PBp<br />
Tp B k T :fi~f .<br />
,qy~ siAM1C .<br />
THE;; `SAMR<br />
6pNd1TI.O'N $,<br />
o+o .<br />
.<br />
s, m~osWKfY¬<br />
IiARVkY RkA~D pF I I I<br />
! ~,;~<br />
1'<br />
d.~~-wcJ': vI<br />
COIIOITJ~ONf~6LACK~ Pk \,<br />
PLk IN '1'w~' IIsB .A . ANp F Dl, . l.<br />
TMLMx~b~ik ?Nk'iAME, Mk ASIt<br />
l;Airkhr"WNLRR~ IS ~TMC 'OLACI# MJ1N~4 1<br />
04VkItNME'NT, WHERk If MIS KRIODQMy<br />
NII1, KIN~f WMkRR IS MIf PRki1DEN~, MIS<br />
ICq~WNTRYf MIS AMLIAStADO ;R; WfS ,~R,MY, MI S<br />
: ,~<br />
NAVY 1(Ir MEN OF "14 AFI~AJRlZ~~ qIC FOUNp , . qNE . +s~RYE~ ~THi6N RR :~1.1 ;~`k0~'<br />
l4WS7 Rk #~~` .N:t.IVR .p .<br />
~~ 4','<br />
iRCONOMI C<br />
CC1NO ITiOM~<br />
FOR CiI.ACK9<br />
THIAM~ MA,RCt! " Ly<br />
~ t. NtKIKE .`<br />
.,<br />
("~,q.<br />
AFT
A LOVE SUPREME<br />
iVA 1NATEGENEZAJI<br />
FEditorial<br />
ON UMOJA (UNITY AND CR ITTCISM (FROM THE TEACHINGS OF'<br />
Recent discussion which has come up among variou's Blac<br />
concerns the proper role <strong>of</strong> UMOJA (Unity) and critic m<br />
for liberation .<br />
There are <strong>Black</strong> groups which still criticize<br />
olently that no room<br />
tween them .<br />
~ .y~Pr for fear <strong>of</strong> breaking<br />
<strong>of</strong> UMOJA is that UMOJA<br />
c riticism which does not lead to UMOJA .<br />
Contents page<br />
BLACK MARKETERoeeeeeW ee 2<br />
SWAHILI LESSON, a e a e , a 2b<br />
DRUM,eeeveeeoeW,eeWWO 3<br />
GLOBAL VIEWS, e e e e ,v ,W 4<br />
BURNING SPEAReeeeeeeee~ W 6<br />
RHYTHM AND BLO~e:eaeeoe T<br />
Vol e I~ No, l3- published by :<br />
HOUSE <strong>of</strong> UMOJA<br />
P,O, ];5187<br />
San Francisco, Calife<br />
94115<br />
each othe'<br />
left open for the purpose ot'c<br />
the other hand, there are other grou<br />
scale which .desire UMOJA among <strong>Black</strong> organizations so Madly that they completely<br />
lbok.over the differences between them, thinking that ) if d .visiou~s a,re ignored.,<br />
they will somehow disappear by magic (<strong>Black</strong> or otherwi . e) ~ These xgrou~as are un-<br />
a1Sle'to criticize either <strong>Black</strong> organizations or Pilack<br />
the UNITY <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> nation,<br />
without constructive<br />
r<br />
weary because we mu st preseMt ~a common :front<br />
the oppressor, ~'<br />
litically . At the<br />
grou~rs' acx',os the na ion<br />
n our nat a~nal struggle<br />
so :~~cequt~r~tly and so vi-<br />
eating boe~c~s Qf UMOJA be-<br />
s at the other end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ndivxduals when tliey mess<br />
IT~e position <strong>of</strong> the HOtJSE<br />
criticism lis ,just a~ invalid as any<br />
I<br />
The fact is that Ilal~ <strong>Black</strong> pieople need one<br />
another (even when r~e mess up~',~ because ever~r<br />
one <strong>of</strong> us ha s a co on wntexest which is mares<br />
-..w...~ *.,~.~<br />
im ortant than all ~' our diPfe ences_ put to-M<br />
ether, and that ini~ezest _lies ~in y tie ,surviv<br />
1 <strong>of</strong> all <strong>Black</strong> people . <strong>Black</strong> UNITY i~s nee-<br />
s well as<br />
o-<br />
cvnsaructiv~ ,
BLACK POWER PAGE 2<br />
, .<br />
.<br />
. -<br />
.<br />
BLACK BOYCOTT CONTINUES :<br />
The <strong>Black</strong> boycott- <strong>of</strong> Housewive's chants withoour hard-earned cash a d<br />
Market is again in lull effect as .<strong>of</strong> welfare checks when these merchants<br />
June 22, with the strike now spread- at the same time support the cop ,<br />
ing to major businesses in the down- that wild army <strong>of</strong> killers which occ -<br />
town, Oakland area . Followit,y~a shell pies <strong>Black</strong> neighborhoods . This 's<br />
and pea game run on the <strong>Black</strong> Commu- our boycott . Help us continue in o i r<br />
pity by, white merchants, the &.ACKS, mass$Ve Oakland Strike for Justicel :<br />
FOR JUSTICE COMMITTEE is asking that BLACKS"FOR JUSTICE is asking that ~ve<br />
<strong>Black</strong> people stay completely away boycott the following stores"<br />
-from downtown Oakland and. .. do t~xeix -, HOUSEWIVE'S MARKET<br />
shopping elsewhere . In the words o~ gktAN+g<br />
its dedicated co-chairman and m°bili- MILENS ii<br />
zation chairman," Mrs Marie 'Walker RED'S TAMALES (Mayor Reading's C<br />
Johnson, "Our aims and-,goals arse to INGRAM'S FOODS ( ~ - - "<br />
boycott the whole dity :" OAKLAND 1RIBUNE<br />
In an exclusive interviewwith SMITH'S<br />
BLACK POWER : Newspaper,, Mrs . Johnson CAPW~iLL'S<br />
stated that-for the last two or three FOgTER~g<br />
weeks .the Committee has been meeting<br />
with downtown merchants in order .to<br />
work out a solution to the problems ** Those who want to join the pilck<strong>of</strong><br />
the hard-core unemployed, . miset<br />
line can contact Mrs . Johnson ~ :<br />
.<br />
,<br />
.<br />
. ,<br />
:<br />
slums <strong>of</strong>L Detroit, Newark, Ehicago,<br />
New YorK<br />
fight f r<br />
and<br />
the<br />
other U .S . cities to<br />
freedom <strong>of</strong> the Affo-<br />
American ." He has .actually spokep<br />
the m4n oP' many <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> sol<br />
diers " ' ~'AS the <strong>Black</strong> soldiers occupy<br />
h' <strong>of</strong> the, U.S . aggressive<br />
m Vist Nam, the strong antiiments<br />
among them k~awe seriinteyrated<br />
the morale'<strong>of</strong> the<br />
troops .<br />
Brothe s who have received firathand<br />
information f~COm B1aGk soldiers<br />
are getting themselves together, and<br />
:vow to shay out <strong>of</strong> the beast's forces<br />
at<br />
treated <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> people by police,<br />
655-1791 .anytime after 6 :00 P .M .<br />
and white injustice in the courtroom .<br />
As Mrs . Johnson Pointed , .out, like<br />
most cities with <strong>Black</strong> populations<br />
throughout America, Oakland contains<br />
all the ingredients for a full-scale<br />
HLACK SOLDIERS RESTST<br />
rebellion .<br />
WHITE WAR MACHINE .<br />
lil<br />
So about a week ago, the LiLACKS FOR Despite close surveihlance by s~e-<br />
JUSTICfi COMMITTEE in good faith sue- vial agents and fascist suppress on<br />
pended its boycott <strong>of</strong> Housewive's by reactionary <strong>of</strong>ficers, more a d<br />
Market at the request _<strong>of</strong> these mer- more American soldiers have recen ly<br />
changs in order that these_ mer- stepped up their organized activit'es<br />
chants could allegedly begin to act against the.U .S . war <strong>of</strong> aggression in<br />
upon <strong>Black</strong> demands for justice . But Viet Nam, according to a report f om,<br />
Chuck took advantage <strong>of</strong> the boycott Washington .<br />
moratorium to advertise on so-called a<br />
This struggle within has stead ly<br />
Negro radio stations that- the weakened the fighting capacity <strong>of</strong> he<br />
strike had been complately called U,g, Imperialist troops and someti es<br />
'<strong>of</strong>f, and outrageously low food prices<br />
were then run . down over the air in<br />
"by any means necessary" .<br />
ANAh*WAR CONFO HBLD IN NBNT YORK<br />
B1ackJpeople from all over the~Unitad<br />
Sts<br />
day con :<br />
to disc<br />
<strong>of</strong> solo<br />
mercenar<br />
civil wa<br />
was call<br />
(National Slack Anti-Wa; Anti-Draft<br />
Union), passed important resolutions<br />
relatinf~ to the resistance o! <strong>Black</strong> i<br />
youth td the drat, the .hole <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong><br />
woaen 3~n our national liberaion<br />
struggle, <strong>Black</strong> alternatives to the<br />
draft, hand the relationship <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>Black</strong> atlpcuygie in IIS to other l~bera"<br />
tion struggles thoughout the ~Th3,rd .<br />
World ~, .<br />
One oil! these-resolutions moved that<br />
NBAWIADU~ pushed for the organizing <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Black</strong> coops for massive rssistanoa<br />
to whit aggression against ou: :ViOtnamese<br />
brothers, and that "local<br />
<strong>Black</strong> ti-war groups in oeoperaticsn<br />
with NB~WADU undertake organizing aa-<br />
tivitie among <strong>Black</strong> apulflisrs in<br />
their ~ff-duty hours !or the .purposd<br />
<strong>of</strong> creating <strong>Black</strong> consciousness among<br />
these coops o that when they leave<br />
the -mi]~itaxy they will actively par "<br />
ticipat in the <strong>Black</strong> libsrration,<br />
atruggl~' and teach their, military<br />
skills. ~to.pther members <strong>of</strong> the Flack<br />
~ommuni'~y .<br />
The ~Oaferane®-itetad to mtrengthen<br />
., seriously hampered :<br />
.<br />
the operationl<strong>of</strong><br />
theaU .S : Imperialist war 'machine .~,l<br />
order to re-attract <strong>Black</strong> people back Many <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> soldiers in she<br />
to the store (the huge loss to the ~U .S, Army, who have tempered th rastore<br />
in selling at prices below selves and raised their polio al<br />
wholesale cost is being covered by~ consciousness in the struggle agai st<br />
downtown merchants) . The huge -in- racial oppression, are playing . a very<br />
,crease in business (the boycott ha3 important role in this anti- ar<br />
been over 80% effective went to struggle . As '+second-class piti ze g" .<br />
Chuck's head,_, and thinking lie had at home and "second-clas3 !oldie s"<br />
broken the spirit <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> .people, in the army <strong>of</strong> aggression abro d, "<br />
es r.$~Cent1Y attended a thsaeerence<br />
at the Hotel Aiplomat<br />
ss the threat posed to people<br />
by the participatiop <strong>of</strong><br />
3,ts ti~s :with other inhabitants <strong>of</strong>"<br />
the Thi d World, and resolved ..that.<br />
Victory forth! peaple "in~Vietnam,isy<br />
victory for <strong>Black</strong> people in th~i~~rt~-~<br />
t~d Sta'~es . Further information a-<br />
bout~th activities <strong>of</strong> NIaAWADU Can be<br />
obtains by writing the organiastion<br />
at 100Th Avs Suite 803, Nsa'York,<br />
New yor~t 1001T<br />
announced' at a meeting wi h the COmmittee<br />
several days ago that the marchants<br />
would now act independently,<br />
theca <strong>Black</strong> soldiers have suffeze a<br />
great deal <strong>of</strong> oppression and discr en-<br />
ination . From ; their own bitter x=<br />
and that " . . .some demands could Possibly<br />
beiimplemented within two or<br />
three weeks ."<br />
Can you digit? The white owners <strong>of</strong><br />
those funky smelling garbage dumps,<br />
downtown must think that we are stone<br />
ools : <strong>Black</strong> people : there is no way<br />
~or us to support~thgse honky marperience<br />
<strong>of</strong> being deprived <strong>of</strong> free om<br />
more and more <strong>Black</strong> soldiers h vs<br />
seen `through Lyndon Johnson's bra en<br />
lie about sending them t° Viet Nam to<br />
"save freedom" . A <strong>Black</strong> soldier ho<br />
refused to go to the Far~East to lpe-<br />
come cannon fodder said : "I show<br />
'stay in the ,United States, , in ~he<br />
.'~<br />
Y troops in the Vietnamese<br />
r lThis conference,' which<br />
ed by the railatant NBAWADU<br />
ch ck out the nea<br />
1CK MUSIC pupiiaatipn,<br />
wr is .for .oop es to<br />
:pi . , box 883<br />
ns auk, new ~arsay"
SUPPORT OUR BLACK BROTHERS ; ; ; ;<br />
On June 4, 1968, three <strong>Black</strong> Brothers<br />
from San Jose, Calif, were arrested<br />
in Washington D, C, on murder charges<br />
<strong>of</strong> two white marines, The Brothers<br />
had come to D, C, on the Poor<br />
People's March, and even though the<br />
killing <strong>of</strong> the Marines was clearly<br />
done in self-defense, Brothers Hodasi<br />
(Benjamin Murdock), Cornelius Frazier,<br />
and Gordon Alexander were indicted on<br />
charges <strong>of</strong> first-degree murder,<br />
Since then Cornelius Frazier, a<br />
member <strong>of</strong> the Omega Psi Phi Fraterpity<br />
at San Jose State College, was<br />
released from the murder charges, but<br />
then was immediately charged with<br />
failure to report a felony in the<br />
same circumstances, He was subsequently<br />
released on $5,000 bond, and<br />
several days ago all charges against<br />
him were dropped, The other two<br />
Brothers are still being held in jail<br />
in Washington with no bond having<br />
been set,<br />
The case has received wide public<br />
attention, both in Washington D.C<br />
where the event occured, and in the<br />
San Francisco Bay Area, where the<br />
Brothers live, The lives and liberty<br />
<strong>of</strong> these Brothers are in serious<br />
jeapordy, aA legal defense team <strong>of</strong> at<br />
least three <strong>Black</strong> lawyers is needed<br />
to keep two <strong>of</strong> them from being electrocuted,<br />
It is highly possible that<br />
it will be necessary to fight the<br />
cade to the United States Suprime<br />
Court in order to save their lives,<br />
This will require litigation in three<br />
different courts, and the cost may<br />
range as high as $25,000 for legal<br />
defense,<br />
<strong>Black</strong> People demand that Brothers<br />
Hodari and Alexander by set free : : : : :<br />
We will not stand idly by while the<br />
courageous young warriors <strong>of</strong> our <strong>Black</strong><br />
Communities are lynched "<strong>Northern</strong><br />
style", These Brothers need your<br />
helpd< Contributions may be sent to :<br />
Brother Ruben Warren<br />
Basileus<br />
Omega Psi Phi Fraternity<br />
335 South 11th Street<br />
San Jose, <strong>California</strong><br />
or<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Militant Legal Defense Fund<br />
c/o Eastern Regional House <strong>of</strong> Umoja<br />
P,O, Box 6652<br />
Washington D.C,<br />
BLACK DEFENSE FUND STARTED<br />
A "Legal Defense Fund for <strong>Black</strong> Militants<br />
has been started by <strong>Black</strong><br />
People in the '~lashington D, C, area,<br />
The kick<strong>of</strong>f for the project, cosponsored<br />
by the New School <strong>of</strong> Afro-<br />
American Thought and the Eastern Re-<br />
TRUTH OF WATKINS MURDER REVEALED<br />
PAGE 2a gLA~K POWER<br />
ONTARIO -- Ted Watkins, age 26, was born in Chicago, Illinois, studied<br />
in <strong>California</strong> and became a football hero, After emigrating to Canada<br />
five years ago, he played pr<strong>of</strong>essional football with the Hamilton Tiger<br />
Cats <strong>of</strong> the Canadian Football League. He and his wife, Ndthalyn, together<br />
with their four daughters lived in Burlington,, Ontario,<br />
He gained prominence in Canada, apart from being a pr<strong>of</strong>essional football<br />
player, by speaking out against racial prejudice and discrimination<br />
and the subtle (and not so subtle} forms in which it exists in Canada,<br />
He wad instrumental in founding the Afro-American Progressive Association<br />
. As Chairman <strong>of</strong> the A,A,P,A, and an active spokesman, his service<br />
was a vital contribution to the liberation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> people everywhere .<br />
On June 2, 1968, Ted Watkins was slain and his brother Clifford was<br />
wounded by a white store owner and a white clerk, in an alleged liquor<br />
store holdup in Stockton, <strong>California</strong> .<br />
What actually occurred was that Watkins and his brother became involved<br />
in an argument with the white clerk after the clerk refused to cash a<br />
small check covering the cost <strong>of</strong> then purchase (which consisted <strong>of</strong> pota<br />
to chips and s<strong>of</strong>t drinks) . When the clerk began cursing his brother,<br />
Watkins fired on his jaw . The clerk, who has a rep from killing another<br />
<strong>Black</strong> man in a former alleged "holdup" attempt, then ,produced a pistol<br />
from beneath his shirt, In an attempt to disarm him, Watkins lunged across<br />
the counter at him, and as they wrestled through a plate glass window<br />
at the front <strong>of</strong> the store, Watkins was shot twice, After an unsuccessful<br />
attempt to disarm the clerk, Watkins' brother was wounded in the<br />
shoulder by a white man alleged to be the store owner, As he fled, two<br />
more shots rang out from within the store . He was arrested Later in Sacramento<br />
when he sought treatment at a hospital, Coroner's reports established<br />
later that Ted Watkins had been shot four times, in the back <strong>of</strong><br />
the neck, in the chest, and twice in the back, Two <strong>of</strong> the bullets came<br />
from a ,22 pistol ; the other two from a ,38,<br />
The secretary <strong>of</strong> the A,A,P,A,, Jose Garcia, stated that "We in the<br />
Afro-American Progressive Association refuse to accept the initial reports<br />
from the white, racist news media <strong>of</strong> the U,S,A, and Canada, 6Je<br />
cannot believe that a man ,who earns between x$10,000 and $15,000 per sea<br />
son as a pr<strong>of</strong>essional football player would resort to liquor store holdups"<br />
even had he been uptight financially, Further, such a man would not<br />
travel nearly 3,000 miles to rob a liquor store in <strong>California</strong> when the<br />
liquor stares in Ontario are amply stocked with both money and liquor,"<br />
The murder <strong>of</strong> Brother Ted Watkins is a great loss for <strong>Black</strong> people everywhere,<br />
May we mourn his death, as Jose Garcia has said, in "action<br />
rather than weeping ."<br />
gional Office <strong>of</strong> the HOUSE <strong>of</strong> UMOJA,<br />
was a "Night <strong>of</strong> Soul" benefit at Ed<br />
Murphy's Supper Club in the heart <strong>of</strong><br />
the D.C, <strong>Black</strong> ghetto on Sunday,<br />
July 14,<br />
Brother Damu Weusi, featured speaker<br />
and Eastern Regional Ambassador<br />
to the HOUSE <strong>of</strong> UMOJA, called for<br />
.the legal defense fund k "because our<br />
<strong>Black</strong> heroes have given their lives<br />
and their deaths for <strong>Black</strong> People,<br />
while we haven't given anything in<br />
return,"<br />
Iie said that "<strong>Black</strong> People deserted<br />
Garvey when the United States,<br />
Britain, and France caught him up on<br />
"mail fraud," and we dove under our<br />
beds while they were pumping bullets<br />
into Brother Malcolm," He mentioned<br />
that other <strong>Black</strong> militants such as<br />
li, Rap Brown, L.eroi .Jones, Max Stanford,<br />
Huey f, Newton, and Muhammad<br />
Ali have not received adequate<br />
support from <strong>Black</strong> People in their<br />
legal battles, Brother Damu explained<br />
that the initial funds in the<br />
project would go to Benjamin Murdock,<br />
Cornelius Frazier, and Gordon Alexander,<br />
three Brothers accused in the<br />
slaying <strong>of</strong> two White Marines in<br />
a D,C, suburb last month,<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the night was taken up by<br />
<strong>Black</strong> entertainment, beginning with<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Philadelphia poet Yusuf .Rahman.,<br />
who with a mixture <strong>of</strong> lights<br />
"took the audience into a journey to<br />
their inner selves," He was joined<br />
by jazz artist Byard Lancaster, whose<br />
newest album, "Its .Not Up to Us," has<br />
received favorable reviews all across<br />
the country, The final act was the<br />
Carol Joyner African Drum and Dance<br />
Troupe, -who set the audience handclapping<br />
and foot-stomping with their<br />
lively review <strong>of</strong> songs, dancing, and<br />
traditional drumming,<br />
A collection was taken,<br />
\\\
BLACK POWER PAGE 2b,<br />
SWAHILI LESSON #1 : THE PRESENT TENSE<br />
The present tense in Swahili corresponds to the "I am doing,"<br />
"you are doing" tense in English . The verb 'kusema' means "to 'speak :"<br />
Thus, to form the present tense, we drop the -ku from the infinitives<br />
We see that the verb is made up <strong>of</strong> a :<br />
In practice, this is<br />
EXAMPLES :<br />
NOTB ;<br />
In the monosyllabic verbs, e.g ., kola, kuja, and the verbs kwenda and<br />
kwisha, the -ku <strong>of</strong> the infinitive is retained in this tense to make it<br />
easier to say :<br />
The present tense in Swahili corresponds to an action in progress . Thus<br />
in the case !hinasema' we may translate it as either "I am doing" or "I do,"<br />
with it understood that "I do" in this case means that the speaker is doing<br />
the action right now .<br />
VERBS FOR PRACTICE :<br />
For each <strong>of</strong> the following verbs, form the present tense using "I" and "You"<br />
as subjects :<br />
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~ Names<br />
f1 ADDRESS . .<br />
ni-na-sema I am speaking<br />
u-na-sema You are speaking<br />
Subject Prefix Tense Sign Verb Stem<br />
ni na sema<br />
written as one word : ninasema<br />
ninafanya Lam doing unafanya You are doing<br />
ninafua I am washing unafua You are washing<br />
ninafunga I am shutting unafunga You are shutting<br />
ninafika I am arriving unafika You are arriving<br />
ninakuja I am coming unakuja You are<br />
ninakula I am eating unakula You are<br />
ninakunywa I am drinking unakunywa You are<br />
kuleta to bring<br />
kuweka to put, place<br />
kungoja to wait<br />
kuanguka to fall<br />
kwenda to go (see note)<br />
kola to eat (see note)<br />
NDUGU ZAI~U WAMEKUFUAA WAISHI :e<br />
(LONG LIVE OUR ANCESTORS : :)<br />
coming<br />
eating<br />
drinking<br />
" +~~ ~~ Please CI ip and Mnil 'to:<br />
~ Nuey P. Newton Defense funt~ ,<br />
oddr~ss<br />
1 Plsdy~ ~<br />
P .O . BOX 8641<br />
Emery villa Branek<br />
Oakl,arld, Galifnmin<br />
city -<br />
~ Eindassd Yoer Wilt Pind ;<br />
...r. .r.~~~.~,.._~ .._- .~ ._ ..._ e
REPORT FROM FUNK CITY ., .<br />
There are a lot <strong>of</strong> things which can<br />
hit you upon first walking behind the<br />
Reflecting Pool into Resurrection City,<br />
U .S .A . :<br />
Some people talk about the mud . It<br />
is a sea <strong>of</strong> mud which is everywhere,<br />
stretching from plywood shanty . t o<br />
plywood shanty, covering your shoes<br />
and socks, trailing on your pants,<br />
and somehow' getting up to your face<br />
in little brown splatters . It has<br />
rained on the, average <strong>of</strong> three times<br />
a week in D . C . since the Poor People's<br />
Campaign began in mid-May, and<br />
'the once-grassy plot where Resurrection<br />
City now stands has turned from<br />
bright green to a muddy reddish<br />
brown . Some <strong>of</strong> the houses are like<br />
little islands, completely surrounded<br />
by water which refuses to dry even in<br />
the heat .<br />
Some people first notice the shanties<br />
themselves . Most were built in<br />
V-shape up from their plywood flooring,<br />
with no area to stand in and only<br />
enough room for bed and belongings<br />
. Most <strong>of</strong> the Brothers and Sisters<br />
do little else but sleep and<br />
dress in their shanties . Some, however,<br />
have planned on longer stays,<br />
and have built up duplexes, three-and<br />
four-room flats, and even two-story<br />
ho~xses, all from the original one<br />
room :"V" plan . Almost everybody has<br />
slapped some paint upside their shanties<br />
and the inspirations range from<br />
"000 Poor Avenue,", "House <strong>of</strong> Ma~colm<br />
#1" and "Carl B . Stokes says "Cleveland<br />
Now :" to the out-<strong>of</strong>-sight<br />
paintings <strong>of</strong> the "Wall <strong>of</strong> Hunger^ or<br />
the New Breed center .<br />
The thing that hits most folks<br />
first, though, is the smell . Collecting<br />
garbage for 3,000 people ain't no<br />
small thing, especially when they're<br />
living in such small quarters . It is<br />
a smell <strong>of</strong> rotting trash., hot mud,<br />
and the sweat <strong>of</strong> the people, all increased<br />
by the 90-degree heat . To~<br />
tell the truth, though, it was hard<br />
for me to tell the smell in Funky City,<br />
as it's been called, from the<br />
rest <strong>of</strong> the D.C . ghetto, where garbage<br />
pickup by the government has<br />
been less than perfect . One thing<br />
you do notice, however, is that there<br />
are no rats in Resurrection City, even<br />
though they are a hazard in the<br />
rest <strong>of</strong> Washington . Maybe they<br />
drowned in the mud . .,<br />
This report was written one<br />
week before Resurrection City<br />
was closed down by the enemy,<br />
and comes to BLACK P06VER exclusively<br />
by one <strong>of</strong> our reporters<br />
on the scene there .<br />
But the thing I dig about Resurrection<br />
City is <strong>Black</strong> People, my people .<br />
We came from all over the country ;<br />
from the ghettos <strong>of</strong> Chicago, from the<br />
waterfronts <strong>of</strong> Oakland, from the<br />
hills <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh . It must be the<br />
first time since we were ripped <strong>of</strong>f<br />
to this country . 400 years ago that<br />
these many <strong>Black</strong> People from these<br />
many areas have been able to spend<br />
this much time together . The Sisters<br />
are fine and the Brothers are strong ;<br />
there is the constant hum <strong>of</strong> coming<br />
and going,<br />
ing .<br />
<strong>of</strong> building, and <strong>of</strong> liv-<br />
It hasn't always been pleasant,<br />
full <strong>of</strong> Brotherly and Sisterly love .<br />
A sister was found in the Reflecting<br />
Pool one morning, her throat cut . An<br />
immediate problem for the SCLC staff<br />
was to keep Brothers and Sisters from<br />
fighting each other, and from stealing<br />
what little one another had . A<br />
Love Supreme for our <strong>Black</strong> People<br />
does not come by magic, we learned,<br />
but by a<br />
example .<br />
long process <strong>of</strong> teaching and<br />
Another problem has been the white<br />
people . They seem to be everywhere,<br />
although they are greatly outnumbered<br />
by the Brothers and Sisters . They<br />
range from hippies to liberals to<br />
radicals to the truly poor whites,<br />
who are without a doubt the nastiest<br />
people I've seen . Although food is<br />
free and easy<br />
non-residents,<br />
to obtain, even for<br />
I watched a white man<br />
from the hills <strong>of</strong> Tennessee collect<br />
half-eaten oranges, and sandwiches<br />
after every meal, stuffing his pockets<br />
with them .<br />
"The white man been messing with<br />
them clouds," an old Brother who<br />
moved from his D .C .<br />
home to Resurrec-<br />
tion City told me . "Ain't rained<br />
this much in Washington in all my<br />
life, and I been- .here some time . T<br />
believe the white man is putting<br />
something in them clouds to make it<br />
rain ."<br />
PAGE 3 gLpCK POWER<br />
It has gotten so bad that everytime<br />
a plane flies over Resurrection City,<br />
a brother groans, "Oh hell it's gonr.a<br />
rain tonight ." And it usually does .<br />
At night, under one <strong>of</strong> the big<br />
tents, there is entertainment . Sometimes<br />
it is big Billy Stuart singing<br />
"Summertime" and wailing on his portable<br />
organ . Sometimes it is . just a<br />
local D,C, kid who will someday be<br />
headlining at the Howard or the Apollo<br />
learning now where his fans and<br />
his strength really are . Most <strong>of</strong> the<br />
time, it is Resurrection Citv people,<br />
patting their feet, cJ_apping their<br />
hands, playing whatever instruments<br />
they can find, singing spirituals or<br />
popular rhythm and blues sides .<br />
It was late afternoon on June 19,<br />
the day <strong>of</strong> the giant "Solidarity Day"<br />
march . The crowds were beginning to<br />
thin in the summer heat, and the<br />
speakers were all sounding the same<br />
as they droned in the background .<br />
The sister and I walked thigh-deep in<br />
the Reflecting PooJ., feeling strangely<br />
along the middle <strong>of</strong> the giant<br />
world . Only a few children played at<br />
the end <strong>of</strong> the pool . hundreds <strong>of</strong><br />
yards down the way .<br />
The sister. looked up at the gigantic<br />
Washington Monument which stood<br />
on the hill at the opposite end o .f<br />
the Reflecting Pool . It was huge and<br />
white, thrusting its cone-shaped head<br />
up into the vacant blue sky in defiance<br />
.<br />
"You know," she said absently, "the<br />
monument always did remind me <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ku Klux Klan . That's what it looks<br />
like ."<br />
And it did, with the little'windnws<br />
at the top staring out like two beady<br />
cracker eyes, watching over all the<br />
niggers in Resurrection City . At the<br />
other end bulked the massive statue<br />
<strong>of</strong> Lincoln, the "big Massah", who<br />
scowled across the length <strong>of</strong> the pool<br />
at the Ku Klux Klan .<br />
I suddenly remembered what Malcolm<br />
had said . .<br />
BRAIN POWER<br />
BOOKS<br />
2630 San Pablo Avenue<br />
Berkeley, <strong>California</strong><br />
Phone : 848-9210<br />
"Without Brain Power,<br />
<strong>Black</strong> Power is only Skin Deep.
BLACK POWER PAGH 4<br />
~~ab~~<br />
E`~S<br />
MOZAMBIQUfi GUERRILLAS TAKE CARE OF<br />
BUSINESS --<br />
DAR ES SALAAM -- Mozambique freedom<br />
fighters scored resounding victories<br />
when they socked it to Portuguese colonial<br />
troops during the latter half<br />
<strong>of</strong> March .<br />
On March 24, the Mozambique guerrillas<br />
wiped out almost a company <strong>of</strong><br />
Portuguese troops when they destroyed<br />
a post at Nambude . They ca~Stured one<br />
mortar, five sub-machine guns, and<br />
.<br />
ZANU MARKS SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF<br />
ARMED STRUGGLE --<br />
DAR ES SALLM - The Zimbabwe peopl e ;<br />
must intensify the Chimurenga (war <strong>of</strong><br />
national liberation and step up<br />
their armed struggle until Zimbabwe<br />
is free, declared the Zimbabwe African<br />
National Union (ZANU} in a statement<br />
issued ope month ago commemorating<br />
the second anniversary <strong>of</strong> "Chimurenga<br />
Day ."<br />
On April 28, 1966, the togetha Zimbabwe<br />
freedom fighters took up arms<br />
and engaged the troops <strong>of</strong> the Smith<br />
white colonial regime in a fierce<br />
battle at Sinoia, northwest <strong>of</strong> Salisbury,<br />
thus lighting the flames <strong>of</strong><br />
struggle in Zimbabwe .<br />
I .P . Chihota, C}~ief Representative<br />
<strong>of</strong> ZANU in "Ea_
CONGOLESfi (K) STUDENTS DEMONS1RATfi<br />
AGAINST BOGUE fiDUCATIONAL SYSTEM--<br />
CONGO (KINSHASA) . Several hundred<br />
}secondary school pupils <strong>of</strong> the Congo<br />
(K) which is under the control <strong>of</strong> the<br />
misguided bxother, Joseph Mobutu,<br />
held a demonstration in the main<br />
streets <strong>of</strong> Kinshasa on June 13 to<br />
protest against the backwards system<br />
<strong>of</strong> education, according to,reports<br />
from Kinshasa .<br />
The busy action <strong>of</strong> the students has<br />
frightened the chumpist Mobutu regime<br />
. Its ministers <strong>of</strong> foreign affairs<br />
and education rushed to the<br />
(scene <strong>of</strong> the demonstration to take<br />
command <strong>of</strong> the police in their suppression<br />
<strong>of</strong> the student struggle Tin<br />
demonstrators were arrested .<br />
"MORE U5 PLANES DOWNED--<br />
HANOI -- The North Vietnamese Army<br />
and people shot down a number <strong>of</strong> US<br />
planes recently, according to an announcement<br />
here .<br />
At noon on June 3 the army and people<br />
in Etac Thai province brought<br />
down one US unmanned reconaissance<br />
plane .<br />
The army and people in the .Vinh<br />
Linh area and the <strong>of</strong>f-shore Con Co<br />
island brought down five US pirate<br />
planes on May 31, three <strong>of</strong> which had<br />
been accounted for earlier . ' In addition,<br />
the army and people in Nghe An<br />
~p;ovince shattered an intruding US<br />
plane on May 39 .<br />
A US warship was reported to have<br />
been hit and set on fire by the shore<br />
batteries in Ha Tinh province on<br />
May 29 .<br />
20,000 STUDENTS ON STRIKE IN TURKEY--<br />
PEKING -- About 20,000 students are<br />
now on strike throughout Turkey, demanding<br />
reforms in the education system,<br />
according to reports from Ankara<br />
.<br />
The strike started 3n the Ankara<br />
University, which has B,000 students .<br />
The students <strong>of</strong> the faculties <strong>of</strong> Law<br />
and Letters <strong>of</strong> this university occupied<br />
the buildings <strong>of</strong> the two faculties<br />
several days agO . All exits to<br />
the buildings were blocked .<br />
The students then announced that<br />
they would stay put until their demands<br />
for educational reform were<br />
fully satisfied . They also demanded<br />
resignation <strong>of</strong> the xeaciionary dean<br />
<strong>of</strong> the university .<br />
NBW CABIN&T FORMED IN SUDAN--<br />
PEKING -- Ismail fil Azhari was recently<br />
re-elected president <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Sudanese Supreme Council <strong>of</strong> State ;<br />
and Mohammed Armed Mahgoub was reelected<br />
Prime Minister, it was reported<br />
in Khartoum recently .<br />
A new Sudanese cabinet was formed<br />
on June 2 . It includes Prime Minister<br />
and Minister <strong>of</strong> Defense, Mahgoub,<br />
Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign<br />
Minister Ali Abdel Rahman, Minister<br />
M®mbors <strong>of</strong> the North Viotxaneoa Liberation Army<br />
at a show oP oolidarity in Han~ri<br />
<strong>of</strong> the~Interior Hassan Awadatla, and<br />
Minister <strong>of</strong> Finance and Economics,<br />
Sharif Hussein E1 Hindi .<br />
ALGERIA DECIDES TO NATIONALIZE 18<br />
FOREIGN COMPANIES--<br />
The Algerian government today decided<br />
to nationalize 18 foreign industrial<br />
companies .<br />
These companies are in the cement,<br />
mechanical engineering, chemical and<br />
food industries . With the exception<br />
<strong>of</strong> an Anglo-Dutch company, all the<br />
rest are subsidiaries <strong>of</strong> French companies<br />
. These companies employ nearly<br />
3,000 workers with an annual business<br />
turnover exceeding 300 million dollars<br />
.<br />
The new measure follows in the wake<br />
<strong>of</strong> the nationalization last month <strong>of</strong><br />
40 foreign companies engaged in the<br />
distribution <strong>of</strong> petroleum and gas and<br />
in the mechanical engineering and other<br />
industries .<br />
After .the independence <strong>of</strong> Algeria<br />
in 1962, Western capital, particularly<br />
French capital, still exercised a<br />
firm control over the Algerian industrial<br />
and commercial departments .<br />
Seeking for superpr<strong>of</strong>its, these foreign<br />
enterprises became a big h3ndrance<br />
to the development~<strong>of</strong> ~Alger=<br />
ia's,national economy . The Algerian<br />
press agency pointed out in a commentary<br />
that the nationalization measure<br />
would reinforce the country, in its<br />
fight against imperialism in the economic<br />
sphere .<br />
DHOFAR LIBERATION FONT PERSISTS IN<br />
ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPERIALISM--<br />
Cairo -- "Armed struggle against<br />
imperialism and colonialsim is the<br />
only way for the oppressed people to<br />
achieve their national independence<br />
and sovereignty", said the Dh<strong>of</strong>ar<br />
Liberation Front's Cairo <strong>of</strong>fice recently<br />
in a statement marking the<br />
third anniversary <strong>of</strong> the Dh<strong>of</strong>ar peo-<br />
PAGE 5'BLACK POWER<br />
plu s armea revomtion .<br />
Dh<strong>of</strong>ar is situated in the southeast<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Arab Penninsula and on<br />
its west is the newly independent,<br />
The People's Republic <strong>of</strong> South Yemen .<br />
The statement reiterated that the<br />
Dh<strong>of</strong>ar people were determined to continue<br />
their armed struggle until the<br />
complete elimination <strong>of</strong> imperialism<br />
and its lackeys and the liberation <strong>of</strong><br />
Dh<strong>of</strong>ar, no matter how many difficulties<br />
they may meet .<br />
PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI RECEIVES<br />
MALIAN MILITARY DELEGATION--<br />
Peking -- Premier Chou En-Lai re- ;<br />
ceived Mamadou Diakit~, Malian minister<br />
delegate for defense and security<br />
to the presidency, and all members <strong>of</strong><br />
the Malian military delegation led by<br />
him here recently, and had a cordial<br />
and friendly conversation with them .<br />
Among those present were comrades<br />
Huang Yung-Sheng, Hsiao Ching-Kuang,<br />
and Li Tien-Yu .<br />
Moussa Coulibaly, charge d'affaires<br />
and interim <strong>of</strong> the Malian embassy in<br />
China, was also present .<br />
].,200 U.S . TROOPS WIPED OUT IN TAY<br />
NINH PROVINCE, SOUTI-i VIET NAM<br />
Hanoi -- The South Viet Nam People's<br />
Liberation armed forces in Tay<br />
Ninh province wiped out more than<br />
1,200 U .S . aggressor troops, including<br />
an entire battery, during a night<br />
attack on the U .S . base in Trang Lac<br />
area on May 21 according to the South<br />
Viet Nam "Giai Phong" press agency .<br />
During the battle, 21 enemy military<br />
cars a number <strong>of</strong> big guns, and .<br />
nine heavy machine-guns were destroyed<br />
; a petrol dump and an ammunition<br />
dump inside the base were burnt<br />
down and a radar station, three electric<br />
generators, several barracks and<br />
many other war material . All were<br />
destroyed .
.~ . ~Lnb~ ~~~~~ PAGE 6<br />
burn~n9<br />
speAr<br />
The Culture and Niatory <strong>of</strong> BLACK Folk<br />
CHEYE2INE (part 3 )<br />
Early the next morning, the Cheyennes<br />
started North on their 1000-mile journey<br />
. Of three hundred people, there<br />
were eighty warriors . They had only a<br />
few thin ponies and no provisions . On<br />
the second day <strong>of</strong> their journey, two<br />
companies <strong>of</strong> cavalry caught up with<br />
them at the Little Medicine Lodge River<br />
. Little Wolf ordered his warriors<br />
to hold their fire until fired upon . He<br />
said ; "I will go out and talk to them .<br />
If they shoot, I will be the first man<br />
killed ."<br />
'From the side <strong>of</strong> the cavalry, Ghost<br />
Man, an Arapaho scout shouted, " . . . . .If<br />
you`will surrender and return to the<br />
reservation, they will give you rations<br />
and treat you well ."<br />
Little Wolf answered cautiously, "Tell<br />
them that eve do not want to fight ; that<br />
we will not go back . We are leaving<br />
this country . I have no quarrel with<br />
anyone . I hold up my right hand that I<br />
do not wish to fight with the whites ;<br />
but we are going to our home to stay<br />
there .<br />
Then Ghose Man went back toward the<br />
troops and Little Wolf followed for<br />
parley . A soldier shot at him, and the<br />
fight was on . Cheyennes drove the cavairy<br />
away from their camp . The next<br />
morning, the cavalry was beaten <strong>of</strong>f again<br />
. At noon, the soldiers quit fighting<br />
in obedience to a bugle call .<br />
The next morning, the Cheyennes again<br />
started on their way . On the Arkansas,<br />
the Cheyennes met a party <strong>of</strong> hide hunters<br />
and captured them . They took the<br />
guns and eighteen buffalo and let the<br />
men go . Then the Cheyennes feasted for<br />
the first time since they had come<br />
south . liven Dull Knife became somewhat<br />
cheerful .<br />
The next day, the men hunted and the<br />
women made breastworks on the love hills<br />
in back <strong>of</strong> the camp . The Cheyennes sent<br />
scouts back who returned after they<br />
found soldiers following their trail on<br />
their second day in c .amp . :The_,Cheyenne<br />
went behind the breastworks and vuaited .<br />
Soldiers advanced and fired, and the<br />
I I<br />
Cheyennes fired back at Little rlolf's<br />
order--no sooner . The soldiers retreated,<br />
and that night the Cheyennes left<br />
that camp and headed further no?:th .<br />
In the meantime, the telegraph<br />
wires were buzzing with the messages<br />
WATCH OUT FOF2 1HE CHEYENNES' . Five<br />
great forces, a total <strong>of</strong> 13 thousand<br />
soldiers opposed the Cheyenne fight .<br />
Yet even with this message out all over<br />
the country, the Cheyennes managed<br />
to sneak right through some .<br />
troops . Near Oglala, on the South<br />
Platte, they forded the stream . in<br />
small grou»s at a point midway between<br />
two cavalry camps . They wrapped<br />
their ponies' hooves in .trips <strong>of</strong><br />
blankets to muffle the sound and<br />
SITTING BULL - HUNKPAPA<br />
passed within 100 yards <strong>of</strong> the pickets<br />
. Once across the stream and away<br />
from the cavalry camp, they reunited .<br />
At White Clay Creek, the trail<br />
forked for the Cheyennes . Dull Knife<br />
and 150 Cheyennes headed toward the<br />
Re3 Cloud Agency to surrender . The<br />
rest continued north . Little Wolf<br />
did not ~.vant the party to divide,' but<br />
divide it did ; and Little Wolf set up<br />
his camp that winter in the Sand ItiOTJSfi OF UMOJA<br />
Hills .<br />
Little Wolf's camp was not discov- P " O " BOX 15187<br />
eyed all winter . Those who were sent ~S~,,rj FRANCISCO,<br />
to find him gave up . But as Little<br />
Wo1F pushed on, Clark, who had been .<br />
at the Red Cloud Agency to find it abandoned<br />
. Confused by thiG turn o .f<br />
events, the group continued to Fort<br />
Ribinson and surrendered there . For<br />
two months, they staved there happiiy<br />
until Captain Wessels, the Commanding<br />
Officer, got this order : SE1QD '1I-IE<br />
CHEYENNES BACK TD DARLINGTON .<br />
When Dull Knife was told <strong>of</strong> this<br />
order from Washington, he answered :<br />
"VJe will net go back there to live .<br />
This is not a healthful country ; if :<br />
we should stay there we would : ail<br />
die . We do not wish to go back<br />
there, and we will not go ."<br />
For a week, Ca,"Wain,Wessels hammered<br />
at . the Chief, . trying to make<br />
him change his mind . Finally, Wessels<br />
lost patience with the "stubborn<br />
old fool" and ordered all the Indians<br />
into a freezing barracks with neither<br />
food nor water . 7he- thermometer<br />
stood at 40 below zero . At the end<br />
<strong>of</strong> five days and nights the Cheyenne<br />
broke out <strong>of</strong> their prison and rushed<br />
forth into the night .<br />
The cavalry persued, firing at the<br />
Indians as enemies <strong>of</strong> war . A .few escaped<br />
only to be found themselves<br />
completely surrounded, they fired upon<br />
the cavalry with their last three<br />
shots, eac}r hitting its target . Then<br />
the cavalry advanced oral the Indians<br />
rushed toward them with hunting<br />
knives and anything that could be<br />
used as weapons . Before the Cheyennes<br />
advanced many paces ; the soldiers<br />
fixed, and it was all over .<br />
Nine prisoners were taken--one man<br />
and eight women, five <strong>of</strong> whom were<br />
wounded . In his report, the command<br />
ing <strong>of</strong>ficer wrote , "The Cheyennes<br />
fought with extraordinary courage and<br />
firmness and refused all terms but<br />
death ."<br />
The prophecy <strong>of</strong> the Four Sacred<br />
~4edicine Arrows came to pass, just as<br />
it had been told in the, ancient<br />
times .<br />
end<br />
sent out by General Miles . to find SUCCfiSS BOOK STORB<br />
him, accidentally rap into them . 146 LEAVSNWORTH<br />
dark --persuaded wolf to -go to:Fort~SAN FRANCISCO CALIF"<br />
Keogh . General Miles who was in f<br />
charge <strong>of</strong> the place made peace with<br />
the Cheyennes . He suggested that the<br />
warriors enlist in his army to help<br />
him roand up the Sioux . Some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Cheyennes welcomed the chance . Little<br />
Wolf veilded and did as the majority<br />
did--enlisted . .<br />
Mea rnvhile, Dull Knife had arrived<br />
u-N~TY rosTSRS~<br />
from the<br />
HOUSfi OF UMOJA<br />
available from ;<br />
$1 .00 apiece<br />
CALTF" 94115<br />
TURN(7VfiR BOOKS %I<br />
(across the street from V<br />
Merritt College in 0akland)~~ i
BLACK MAN<br />
(To "Soul Man" by Sam and Dave)<br />
Want some power<br />
In the ghetto<br />
And when I get it<br />
Ain't gonna let go<br />
I'm bad and bold<br />
Ain't 'fraid <strong>of</strong> nothing<br />
So don't worry<br />
Cause I'm coming<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I got my courage<br />
The hard way<br />
And I'm getting bolder<br />
Each and every day<br />
So watch me now<br />
And I'll make a bet<br />
That you ain't seen<br />
Nothing yet<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I was brought up<br />
On a side street<br />
I learned how to fight<br />
Before I could eat<br />
When I hit the Beast<br />
Just watch him drop<br />
When I fight Whitey<br />
Oh I can't stop<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> Man<br />
Grap a rope<br />
And I'll set you free<br />
All I want<br />
Is liberty<br />
I'm a <strong>Black</strong> man<br />
FADING AWAY<br />
(To the tune by the Temptations)<br />
The Soul <strong>of</strong> our Slackness, Bm<br />
When we were in Africa<br />
Is lost in America<br />
It's fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
And the peace that we used to see<br />
When we lived in harmony<br />
Ts gone with our liberty<br />
It's fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
We're slaves and it's showing, baby<br />
We're slaves and it's showing, tell me<br />
Where is our Soul going?<br />
Like the time when we ruled the earth<br />
And we thought we'd proved our worth<br />
Was ruined by the white man's birth<br />
It's fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
And the strength <strong>of</strong> our father's arms<br />
The grace <strong>of</strong> our mother's charms<br />
Was killed on the southern farms<br />
It's fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
We're slaves and it's showing baby<br />
We're slaves and it's showing, tell me<br />
Where is our Soul going?<br />
Like war in old Africa<br />
Like peace in America<br />
The Soul <strong>of</strong> our <strong>Black</strong>ness, Gro<br />
Is fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
Fading away<br />
PAGB ~:BLACK POWER<br />
WES MONTGOMERY<br />
y
F~2 FiLACK GUERRILLAS weusi<br />
The first SOULBOOK work <strong>of</strong> an up and coming young<br />
<strong>Black</strong> writer, potentially one <strong>of</strong> the best <strong>of</strong> the<br />
generation, The 19 year old Brother gives a tothe-point<br />
review <strong>of</strong> Regis Debrayts Revolution In<br />
the Revolution ?, with particular emphasis on its<br />
application to <strong>Black</strong> America,<br />
THE PROPAGANDA DETACI~tENT OF THfi VIETNAMESE LIBERATION ARMY<br />
, .,Vo Nguyen Giap<br />
Translated from the French by the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Department,<br />
this story <strong>of</strong> the beginning days <strong>of</strong> the Democratic Republic<br />
<strong>of</strong> Vietnam is written by the military and political genius who<br />
masterminded the devastating Tet <strong>of</strong>fensive last January,<br />
ON CENTRALIZATION, . , Rolland Spellings<br />
Brings out the necessity for the creation <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Black</strong> United Front such<br />
as has been formed in Washington,D,C the San Francisco Bay Area, and<br />
Los Angeles, by a Brother who worked in Atlanta with the founder <strong>of</strong> th<br />
first two, Brother Stokely Carmichael,<br />
REJECT NOTES , , . , <strong>Black</strong> Poets<br />
Another boss selection <strong>of</strong> poetry from " the SOULBOOK " Poetry Department,<br />
Included is poetry by Ho Chi Minh, Carol Freemen (perhaps the best poet<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Black</strong> South), and Ernie Mkalimoto (Allen), National Co-Chairman<br />
<strong>of</strong> the HOUSE OF UMOJA,<br />
A PRISON DIARY . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . Phan Nhuan<br />
Another first for the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Department, An intimate<br />
story <strong>of</strong> the early life <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the greatest revolutionaries<br />
the world has ever known, President Ho Chi Minh <strong>of</strong> the Democratic<br />
Republic <strong>of</strong> Vietnam o<br />
FANONIAN IDEOLOGY AND THfi PEASANTRY . ., ., ., ., . ,Abdelbaki Hermassi<br />
Translated by SOULBOOK, this is a short review <strong>of</strong> the revolutionary theories<br />
<strong>of</strong> Brother Frantz Fanon, the great <strong>Black</strong> writer, revolutionary, and<br />
psychiatrist,<br />
OTHER VERSIONS , ., . . , . . . . ., . ., . . . . . , . ., . ,Ama Ata Aidoo<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the short stories <strong>of</strong> the year, this work by a young Sister from<br />
Ghana reflects the dynamic young viewpoints <strong>of</strong> the SOULBOOFC staff,<br />
Fresh and BLACK .<br />
CUBA : THE UNTOLD STORX (PART 1), ., . . ., , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,Carlos Moore<br />
Must, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything about Guevara, C<br />
Castro, or the Cuban Revolution, Written by an Afro-Cuban, Part 1 deals<br />
with the background <strong>of</strong> the Cuban situation, the <strong>Black</strong> revolutionaries,<br />
and the racism inherent in Cuba from the days when she was a slave port<br />
to the United States,<br />
get yo copy from :<br />
SOULBOOK<br />
Bobb Hamilton<br />
P,O, Box 1097<br />
Berkeley, Cal if,<br />
94701<br />
SUCCESS BOOKS<br />
146 Leavenworth<br />
San Francisco, Calif,<br />
94120<br />
473 W, 152nd Street<br />
New York, New York<br />
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3245 W, Chicago Blvd .<br />
Apt 401<br />
Detroit, Michigan<br />
48206<br />
Donald Freeman<br />
New School <strong>of</strong> Afro-<br />
American Thought<br />
2115 14th Street N,W,<br />
Washington, D,C,<br />
20009<br />
SOULBOOK is a HOUSE OF UMOJA publication
criticism dixected towards members <strong>of</strong> the<br />
B1ac~common front is absolutely essential if<br />
the TTY is to lead ~o a positive end (the<br />
libexation-bf Mack people) . UMOJA without a<br />
meant to haxness the evil spirits <strong>of</strong> disunity,'<br />
vehich constantly attempt to disrupt the foxces<br />
<strong>of</strong> 81aok harmony, is an UMOJA planted u upon,'<br />
shaky earth, .<br />
With this in mind, Brothers and Sister , it<br />
must be said that the xecent remark that_'"e~<br />
very Negro is a potential traitor" cumin"g ; to ;<br />
us'from certain quarters is a very dangezous<br />
concept . it runs counter to the fact that it<br />
is the masses <strong>of</strong> peopJ.e (not "leaders", who<br />
take ideas from the masses only to,give them<br />
back in sys"tematized form) who bring int©' ,exi<br />
tence the forces <strong>of</strong> change uppn the face <strong>of</strong><br />
the earth :` lt_~.s dangerous because it pulls<br />
its insp~:ration NOT from <strong>Black</strong> people, :'ki+ut<br />
from the'oppressor,,who has been jamming'sim- . ;<br />
ilar ideas df . distrust in~a the corners,, .<strong>of</strong> ~'<br />
our` brains for over three hundred ,years . Who<br />
does thes idea benefit?? If 'pushed to tslogical<br />
conclusion, this concept would poison<br />
any and every basis fox `the foxmatio'n gf.UMO-<br />
JA among $lack people throughout the U.S . ;<br />
and the reflections <strong>of</strong> its evil 'vibrations<br />
would cast their spell upon all the oppressed;<br />
<strong>of</strong> the planet,. Only , the oppressor ~youLd-ben=' .<br />
efit :<br />
Realiz ng that MAN is bound by the concrete,<br />
objective realities <strong>of</strong> the UNNETt5B, it is<br />
o<br />
p.o . box 15187<br />
san francisco<br />
PAGE 9 ~IA~I~ Pa'W~k<br />
a] .so' true that if the i.dsaaas which he exp~xesses<br />
fall shoat <strong>of</strong> these bo~xn.c]aries, the unnatural<br />
barrier® <strong>of</strong> , tae m3;nd which he him$el~<br />
has set up will at bef~ hinde~x his gxoW~h, ainc<br />
at worst, threatcan ~i~ survival :",, If we sera<br />
to believe that "evezy Nagra is a potential<br />
trtr~tor," , an idea which mini find snppo~t . it<br />
certain isolated circumstances, but wk~ich it<br />
geheral is certainly untxue, we wou7 ;d never<br />
be'able .to move beyond this synthetic ba~x e~<br />
which we our elves have cotastruGted out ~a~<br />
our own colonial mentalities . We woul d re "<br />
main slaves not only to this idea,' but to the<br />
powers which oppress us . . .<br />
Brothers and Sisters : Let us~ move to sta:n~<br />
out the' mental swamps imp~.inted by slaver3<br />
and ueo-slavery upon the good Bl,a.ck moil' oy<br />
good Shack minds. Criticism mint beg q fires"i<br />
with self-cr _ticism , . and it must he carnet<br />
out in a, way which brings about .UMOJA <strong>of</strong> sel~<br />
and kind . `The HOUSS o~ UMOJA ex~.sts for _the<br />
pur.pase <strong>of</strong> bringing about the UNIT'S and LIB"<br />
SRATION <strong>of</strong> all Mack people . All <strong>of</strong> - us wil]<br />
overcome our hangups, and <strong>Black</strong> people wil]<br />
win : : That's how . bad we are: :<br />
Ndarnase anal Nlkal moto<br />
Co-Chairmen, ,IiOUS~i, <strong>of</strong> UMOJA<br />
fihe, Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Black</strong> Po®t<br />
Y3 PUBLISHED F08 ALL BLACK P$O~LE<br />
EYEHYWH:<br />
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