cross section crash boxes
cross section crash boxes
cross section crash boxes
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Figure 3.23. Experiment and coupled FEM/SPH simulation of the deformed shapes of<br />
bitubular polystyrene foam filling arrangements, filling only between two<br />
tubes (BPH) and filling the inner hole with polystyrene foam<br />
(BPE).(Source: Aktay, et al. 2008).<br />
The crushing behavior of Alulight (AlMg0.6Si0.3) aluminum foam filled RSt37<br />
and ZSt340 steel monotubal, bitubal, hexagonal and octagonal profiles were<br />
investigated (Seitzberger, et al. 2000, Seitzberger and Willminger 2001). The stroke<br />
efficiency was found to decrease with increasing foam density in all investigated<br />
profiles. The deformation mode was extensional mode in monotubal arrangement and<br />
outward and inward mode in bitubal arrangement (Figure 3.24). However the mean load<br />
efficiency and SEA increased over the empty tube with foam filling. The increase in<br />
SEA values was 30% and 60% in foam filled ZSt340 and RSt37 tubes, respectively.<br />
Although, filled hexagonal and octagonal arrangements experienced higher SEA values<br />
than empty arrangement, foam filling was found to be not effective in increasing SEA<br />
values of monotubal arrangement.<br />
The effect of wall thickness, foam density (Alulight-AlMg1Si) and semi-apical<br />
angle on the crushing of conical steel tubes was studied numerically by Ahmad and<br />
Thambiratnam(Ahmad and Thambiratnam 2009). Al foam filling resulted in lower<br />
specific absorbed energy values than empty tubes within the investigated semi apical<br />
angle and wall thickness range (Figure 3.25). However, the foam filling found to<br />
stabilize the deformation of conical tubes and increased the number of the folds.<br />
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