cross section crash boxes
cross section crash boxes
cross section crash boxes
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The quasi-static compression behavior of empty and polyurethane foam-filled<br />
6060T5 Al circular tubes was investigated by Guillow et al. (Guillow, et al. 2001).<br />
Tubes having different diameter to thickness ratio (D/t) were tested to determine the<br />
deformation mode of 6060T5 Al circular tubes as function of D/t. Polyurethane foam<br />
filling resulted in higher mean <strong>crash</strong> loads than empty tubes. The deformation mode<br />
reverted from non-symmetric mode in empty tubes to axisymmetric mode in high<br />
density polyurethane foam-filled tubes.<br />
Axial crushing behavior of the intermittent tack-welded cylindrical carbon steel<br />
tubes were investigated by Ku et al.(Ku, et al. 2001). Tube without welding, with full<br />
butt welding and with tack-welding were compressed in order to explore the effect of<br />
tube welding on crushing behavior. In the same investigation, polyurethane foam filled<br />
welded cylindrical tubes were also tested. It was shown that folding mode of empty<br />
tubes, non-symmetric (diamond) and axisymmetric mixed mode, was not affected by<br />
welding, while axisymmetric mode of deformation was found in polyurethane foam-<br />
filled tubes, mainly resulting from the circumferential stretching of filler. Continuous<br />
weld seam opening occurred in foam filled intermittent tack-welded tubes. This resulted<br />
in improvements in energy absorption capacity, by increasing load efficiency and<br />
decreasing the load amplitude, more than foam-filled fully welded tubes.<br />
Mantena et. al. (Mantena and Mann 2003) investigated the crushing behavior of<br />
polymer foam filled cylindrical steel tubes through dynamic impact experiments and<br />
simulations. It was reported that circular tubes filled with the highest density foam was<br />
the most efficient in terms of mean load and absorbed energy. Meguid et. al.<br />
(Meguid, et al. 2004b) simulated the axial compression behavior of foam-filled columns<br />
using layered approach in which the foam filler was modeled as a series of horizontal<br />
layers. Each layer included single layers of solid elements and the layers were<br />
collocated with the nodes of the adjacent layer. Agreements between experimental and<br />
model deformation modes and mean load values were found (Figure 3.21). The<br />
discrepancy was 5.6% between experimental and simulation results at a displacement of<br />
200 mm.<br />
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