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(b) Figure 3. 16 (a) Transition from progressive to global buckling in 6060T6 Al square tubes and b) typical force vs. time history (Source: Jensen, et al. 2004) 3.4. Crushing Behavior of Foam Filled Tubes (a) Axial compression behavior of aluminum foam filled square and circular steel tubes were investigated by Seitzberger et al. (Seitzberger, et al. 1997). It was shown that the interaction between foam filler and tube wall increased the absorbed energy and changed the deformation mode tubes in foam filled tubes. The effect of aluminum foam filling on the crushing behavior of AA6060 T4 Al square tubes under dynamic and 48
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE AXIAL CRUSHING
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My PhD quest has b
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ÖZET KAPALI HÜCRELİ ALUMİNYUM K
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CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS ....
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CHAPTER 8 ALUMINUM CRASH BOX OPTIMI
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Figure 3.7. Simulations of the defo
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Figure 4.9. Dimensions of tensile t
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Figure 6.21. Sequential deformation
Page 18 and 19: Figure 7.20. Sequential deformation
Page 20 and 21: LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 4.1
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1. 1. The body in white stru
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1. 4. Commercial crash boxes
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 2 AL CLOSED CELL FOAMS: PRO
Page 28 and 29: The processing methods and mechanic
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2. 5 The preferred particle
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2. 8. Typical cellular struc
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2. 10. Manufacturing cost of
Page 36: Figure 2. 12. Laser assisted foamed
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.16. Shear strength, normal
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2. 19. Yield strength vs. re
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. 21. Unit cell geometry an
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2. 24. Load-displacement cur
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2. 26. The photographs of a
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 CRUSHING BEHAVIOR OF TUBU
Page 53 and 54: Figure 3.2. Diamond deformation mod
Page 57 and 58: deformation mode transition from ax
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.8. Energy absorption of qu
Page 61: (a) (c) Figure 3.10. Deformation mo
Page 65 and 66: (a) (b) Figure 3.13. a) Schematic o
Page 67: (a) (b) (c) Figure 3.15. a) Load-di
Page 73: The crushing behavior of a bumper s
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3.21. Comparison between sim
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.23. Experiment and coupled
Page 80 and 81: investigated by Chen and Wiezbicki
Page 82 and 83: Figure 3.28. The variation of the e
Page 84 and 85: and foam filler density on the effi
Page 86 and 87: Figure 4.1. As-received Alulight Al
Page 88 and 89: ox design, various production route
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4.6. Technical drawings of t
Page 92 and 93: 4.3. Tensile Testing of 1050H14 Al
Page 94 and 95: 4.5. Quasi-static Compression Testi
Page 96 and 97: Figure 4.13. Compression testing of
Page 98 and 99: Figure 4.14. Uniaxial compression t
Page 100 and 101: densification displacement in a sin
Page 104 and 105: 5.1.2. Aluminum Foam Modeling Figur
Page 108 and 109: usually applied (Marsolek and Reime
Page 110: (a) (b) Figure 5.5. Contact algorit
Page 117 and 118: imposed was a constant prismatic cr
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The mesh of sampling points are sho
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Figure 6.2. Experimental and foam m
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Figure 6.4(b) shows the picture of
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Figure 6.6.(Cont) (b) 6.5. Quasi-st
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Figure 6.8. Load-displacement and m
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fixing part on the mean load values
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deformation in both geometries, Fig
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Figure 6.19.(cont.) (c) (a) Figure
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crash boxes, totally two folds form
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(a) (b) Figure 6.22. Sequential def
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Load-displacement and mean load-dis
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Figure 6.25.(cont.) (b) (c) (a) Fig
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displacement curve of empty tube is
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Table 6.4. Initial peak and mean lo
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Figure 7.1. Experimental and simula
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Figure 7.3. (cont.) (b) 7.3. Simula
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 7.13. Load-displ
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(b) Figure 7.16. Sequential deforma
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Figure 7.17. (cont.) (b) (c) 147
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Figure 7.18. (cont.) (c) (a) Figure
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(a) (b) Figure 7.20. Sequential def
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Figure 7.21.(cont.) (b) (c) 153
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7.5. Dynamic Testing of Empty and A
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(b) Figure 8.1. Load-displacement c
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Figure 8.3. (cont.) (b) (a) (b) Fig
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oxes experience higher mean load an
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foam relative density of filled box
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Figure 8.8. (cont.) (b) 170
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Figure 9.1. (cont.) (c) (d) (a) (b)
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9.2. Stroke Efficiency of Crash Box
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foam filled boxes increase with inc
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Figure 9.7.(cont.) 9.4. Total Effic
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and Ψ ′ = GV 0 2 2σ0AL εr (9.1
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Figure 9.11. SEA vs. relative densi
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS The present
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same. The deformation patterns of d
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REFERENCES Abedrabbo, N., Mayer, R.
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Bonaccorsi, L. and Proverbio, E., 2
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EPA -United States of America Envir
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Hou, S., Li, Q., Long, S., Yang, X.
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Lopatnikov, S. L., Gama, B. A. and
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Miyoshi, T., Itoh, M., Mukai, T., K
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Seitzberger, M., Rammerstorfer, F.,
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Wen, C. E., Yamada, Y., Shimojima,
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Education VITA Ahmet Kaan TOKSOY (1
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