cross section crash boxes

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Figure 3.5. a) Single and b) multiple barreling of circular <strong>section</strong>s. (Source: Kavi 2004) (a) (b) Figure 3.6. Global bending (Euler) deformation mode. (Source: Seitzberger, et al. 1997) 34
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE AXIAL CRUSHING
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My PhD quest has b
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET KAPALI HÜCRELİ ALUMİNYUM K
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS ....
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 8 ALUMINUM CRASH BOX OPTIMI
Page 12 and 13: Figure 3.7. Simulations of the defo
Page 14 and 15: Figure 4.9. Dimensions of tensile t
Page 16 and 17: Figure 6.21. Sequential deformation
Page 18 and 19: Figure 7.20. Sequential deformation
Page 20 and 21: LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 4.1
Page 22 and 23: Figure 1. 1. The body in white stru
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1. 4. Commercial crash boxes
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 2 AL CLOSED CELL FOAMS: PRO
Page 28 and 29: The processing methods and mechanic
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2. 5 The preferred particle
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2. 8. Typical cellular struc
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2. 10. Manufacturing cost of
Page 36: Figure 2. 12. Laser assisted foamed
Page 41 and 42: Figure 2.16. Shear strength, normal
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2. 19. Yield strength vs. re
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2. 21. Unit cell geometry an
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2. 24. Load-displacement cur
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2. 26. The photographs of a
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 CRUSHING BEHAVIOR OF TUBU
Page 53: Figure 3.2. Diamond deformation mod
Page 58 and 59: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3.7. Simulat
Page 60 and 61: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3.9. a) Expe
Page 64 and 65: Figure 3.12. Folding in square tube
Page 66 and 67: Figure 3.14. Deformed shape of 1T1L
Page 68: (b) Figure 3. 16 (a) Transition fro
Page 73: The crushing behavior of a bumper s
Page 76 and 77: Figure 3.21. Comparison between sim
Page 78 and 79: Figure 3.23. Experiment and coupled
Page 80 and 81: investigated by Chen and Wiezbicki
Page 82 and 83: Figure 3.28. The variation of the e
Page 84 and 85: and foam filler density on the effi
Page 86 and 87: Figure 4.1. As-received Alulight Al
Page 88 and 89: ox design, various production route
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4.6. Technical drawings of t
Page 92 and 93: 4.3. Tensile Testing of 1050H14 Al
Page 94 and 95: 4.5. Quasi-static Compression Testi
Page 96 and 97: Figure 4.13. Compression testing of
Page 98 and 99: Figure 4.14. Uniaxial compression t
Page 100 and 101: densification displacement in a sin
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5.1.2. Aluminum Foam Modeling Figur
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usually applied (Marsolek and Reime
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(a) (b) Figure 5.5. Contact algorit
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imposed was a constant prismatic cr
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The mesh of sampling points are sho
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Figure 6.2. Experimental and foam m
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Figure 6.4(b) shows the picture of
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Figure 6.6.(Cont) (b) 6.5. Quasi-st
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Figure 6.8. Load-displacement and m
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fixing part on the mean load values
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Figure 6.13. Sequential deformation
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deformation in both geometries, Fig
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Figure 6.19.(cont.) (c) (a) Figure
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crash boxes, totally two folds form
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(a) (b) Figure 6.22. Sequential def
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Load-displacement and mean load-dis
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Figure 6.25.(cont.) (b) (c) (a) Fig
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displacement curve of empty tube is
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Table 6.4. Initial peak and mean lo
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Figure 7.1. Experimental and simula
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Figure 7.3. (cont.) (b) 7.3. Simula
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 7.13. Load-displ
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(b) Figure 7.16. Sequential deforma
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Figure 7.17. (cont.) (b) (c) 147
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Figure 7.18. (cont.) (c) (a) Figure
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(a) (b) Figure 7.20. Sequential def
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Figure 7.21.(cont.) (b) (c) 153
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7.5. Dynamic Testing of Empty and A
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(b) Figure 8.1. Load-displacement c
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Figure 8.3. (cont.) (b) (a) (b) Fig
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oxes experience higher mean load an
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foam relative density of filled box
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Figure 8.8. (cont.) (b) 170
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Figure 9.1. (cont.) (c) (d) (a) (b)
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9.2. Stroke Efficiency of Crash Box
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foam filled boxes increase with inc
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Figure 9.7.(cont.) 9.4. Total Effic
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and Ψ ′ = GV 0 2 2σ0AL εr (9.1
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Figure 9.11. SEA vs. relative densi
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CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS The present
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same. The deformation patterns of d
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REFERENCES Abedrabbo, N., Mayer, R.
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Bonaccorsi, L. and Proverbio, E., 2
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EPA -United States of America Envir
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Hou, S., Li, Q., Long, S., Yang, X.
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Lopatnikov, S. L., Gama, B. A. and
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Miyoshi, T., Itoh, M., Mukai, T., K
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Seitzberger, M., Rammerstorfer, F.,
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Wen, C. E., Yamada, Y., Shimojima,
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Education VITA Ahmet Kaan TOKSOY (1
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