Processing and recycling of industrial solid wastes
Processing and recycling of industrial solid wastes Processing and recycling of industrial solid wastes
Lecturer: Stoyan Gaydardzhiev Participants: Laura Bauer Christoph Deckert Michael Grohme Carolin Gutsche Maximilian Hoeflich Roni Jojo Norman Knabe Johannes Lemberger Robert Quensel Stefan Schlote Nick Wachsmuth Mutaz Yunan Djafarov Oumorou 13 th International Project Week Processing and recycling of industrial solid wastes
- Page 2 and 3: Worldwide: 40 Mil tons per year Ge
- Page 4 and 5: Problems of E-waste increasing amo
- Page 6 and 7: 140,000,000 cell phones end up in l
- Page 8 and 9: Why recycling is difficult! very h
- Page 10 and 11: Material composition A ton of used
- Page 12 and 13: How can weee recycle? based on WEE
- Page 14 and 15: Ferrous Material Waste Disassemblin
- Page 16: End
Lecturer: Stoyan Gaydardzhiev<br />
Participants:<br />
Laura Bauer<br />
Christoph Deckert<br />
Michael Grohme<br />
Carolin Gutsche<br />
Maximilian Hoeflich<br />
Roni Jojo<br />
Norman Knabe<br />
Johannes Lemberger<br />
Robert Quensel<br />
Stefan Schlote<br />
Nick Wachsmuth<br />
Mutaz Yunan<br />
Djafarov Oumorou<br />
13 th International<br />
Project Week<br />
<strong>Processing</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>recycling</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>industrial</strong> <strong>solid</strong><br />
<strong>wastes</strong>
Worldwide: 40 Mil tons per year<br />
Germany: 2 Mil tons per year<br />
E-waste is currently growing at around 4% per year<br />
80% end up in developing countries<br />
E-waste<br />
WEEE (waste electric <strong>and</strong> electronic equipment)
What is E-waste?<br />
E-waste<br />
E-waste is produced during the construction as<br />
well as during the use <strong>of</strong> electric <strong>and</strong> electronic<br />
hardware<br />
complex heterogeneous mix <strong>of</strong> material<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> recyclable fractions <strong>of</strong> many different<br />
sizes, types <strong>and</strong> shapes<br />
WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC<br />
Reduction, avoidance, ecological disposal<br />
Responsibility <strong>of</strong> producers
Problems <strong>of</strong> E-waste<br />
increasing amount <strong>of</strong> WEEE<br />
risk <strong>of</strong> illegal waste shipment<br />
hazardous substances<br />
damage natural resources<br />
<strong>and</strong> human health<br />
E-waste
Cell phone waste<br />
Cell phones: a significant part <strong>of</strong> e-waste<br />
1.2 billion h<strong>and</strong>sets are sold worldwide every<br />
year<br />
people use their cell phone for only 18 months<br />
In Germany: at least 60 mio unused phones in<br />
people’s drawers<br />
Source: http://www.focus.de/digital/h<strong>and</strong>y/mobile-world-congress-2010/mobiltelefone-<strong>recycling</strong>-statt-schublade_aid_479738.html
140,000,000 cell phones end up in l<strong>and</strong>fills p.a. worldwide<br />
Contain 4,7 Tons <strong>of</strong> gold = approx. 56 mil $<br />
49 Tons <strong>of</strong> silver = approx. 8.4 mil $<br />
Cell phone waste<br />
Cell phones: a significant part <strong>of</strong> e-waste<br />
Source: http://sayiamgreen.com/infographic/environmental-impact-<strong>of</strong>-cell-phones/
Risk <strong>of</strong> hazardous materials<br />
these 140,000,000 cell phones:<br />
36 t <strong>of</strong> lead seep into the earth<br />
brominated flame retardants, cadmium<br />
hazardous substances damage natural resources<br />
<strong>and</strong> human health<br />
pollute water,<br />
soils <strong>and</strong> crops<br />
Source: http://sayiamgreen.com/infographic/environmental-impact-<strong>of</strong>-cell-phones/<br />
Cell phone waste
Why <strong>recycling</strong> is difficult!<br />
very heterogeneous waste<br />
Cell phone waste<br />
proper treatment is technologically dem<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
<strong>and</strong> very expensive
Other includes<br />
precious metals:<br />
Silver: 0.5%<br />
Gold:
Material composition<br />
A ton <strong>of</strong> used phones (ca. 6,000 units) contain:<br />
about 3.5 kilograms <strong>of</strong> silver,<br />
340 grams <strong>of</strong> gold,<br />
140 grams <strong>of</strong> palladium, <strong>and</strong><br />
150 kilograms <strong>of</strong> copper<br />
Cell phone waste<br />
Combined value: over US $15,000 (in 2006)<br />
Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090915140919.htm
Recycling potential<br />
Cell phone waste<br />
very high potential recovery rates<br />
99% for copper, 98% for gold, <strong>and</strong> 90% for silver, palladium <strong>and</strong><br />
platinum<br />
in comparison to actual mining<br />
only small fraction <strong>of</strong> the CO2 emissions, l<strong>and</strong> degradation <strong>and</strong><br />
hazardous emissions are generated<br />
recovering 10 kg <strong>of</strong> aluminum via <strong>recycling</strong><br />
How can weee recycle?<br />
based on WEEE Directive<br />
Cell phone waste<br />
producers are responsible for their products at end<strong>of</strong>-life<br />
mail it in or give it to<br />
collection facility<br />
money used to support<br />
environmental organizations
Improve mobile phone <strong>recycling</strong><br />
Increase collection rate<br />
Mobilise “frozen” phones<br />
stop uncontrolled export<br />
<strong>and</strong> backyard <strong>recycling</strong><br />
make sure phones are<br />
recycled properly<br />
Cell phone waste
Ferrous Material<br />
Waste<br />
Disassembling<br />
Shredder<br />
Magnetic<br />
Separation<br />
Non-Ferrous Material<br />
Eddy current Separation<br />
Conductive Material Cu, Al, Zn, …<br />
(<strong>and</strong> also some Non-Conductive Material)<br />
Flow sheet<br />
Simple Representation <strong>of</strong> Recycling <strong>of</strong> Cell Phones<br />
Toxic Material<br />
(Battery)<br />
Non-Conductive Material<br />
(Plastic, Glass…)
Conductive Material Cu, Al, Zn, …<br />
(<strong>and</strong> also some Non-Conductive Material)<br />
l<strong>and</strong>fill<br />
Electrostatic<br />
Separation<br />
Conductive Material<br />
(Cu, Al, Zn, … )<br />
Air<br />
Separation<br />
Metallic<br />
concentrate<br />
Smelting<br />
Flow sheet - continued<br />
The rest <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Non-<br />
Conductive<br />
Material<br />
Non-Conductive Material<br />
PVC<br />
Pink<br />
(Plastic, Glass…)<br />
Density<br />
Separation<br />
Plastic Glass<br />
Photometric<br />
Separation<br />
PE<br />
White<br />
HIPS<br />
Black
End
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