BSA/AML Examination Manual - ffiec

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Appendix F: Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing “Red Flags” • Unusually large number and variety of beneficiaries are receiving funds transfers from one company. • Frequent involvement of multiple jurisdictions or beneficiaries located in high-risk offshore financial centers. • A foreign correspondent bank exceeds the expected volume in its client profile for funds transfers, or an individual company exhibits a high volume and pattern of funds transfers that is inconsistent with its normal business activity. • Multiple high-value payments or transfers between shell companies with no apparent legitimate business purpose. • Purpose of the shell company is unknown or unclear. Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accounts • Official embassy business is conducted through personal accounts. • Account activity is not consistent with the purpose of the account, such as pouch activity or payable upon proper identification transactions. • Accounts are funded through substantial currency transactions. • Accounts directly fund personal expenses of foreign nationals without appropriate controls, including, but not limited to, expenses for college students. Employees • Employee exhibits a lavish lifestyle that cannot be supported by his or her salary. • Employee fails to conform to recognized policies, procedures, and processes, particularly in private banking. • Employee is reluctant to take a vacation. Other Unusual or Suspicious Customer Activity • Customer frequently exchanges small-dollar denominations for large-dollar denominations. • Customer frequently deposits currency wrapped in currency straps or currency wrapped in rubber bands that is disorganized and does not balance when counted. • Customer purchases a number of cashier’s checks, money orders, or traveler’s checks for large amounts under a specified threshold. • Customer purchases a number of open-end stored value cards for large amounts. Purchases of stored value cards are not commensurate with normal business activities. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual F–7 8/24/2007
Appendix F: Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing “Red Flags” • Customer receives large and frequent deposits from on-line payments systems yet has no apparent on-line or auction business. • Monetary instruments deposited by mail are numbered sequentially or have unusual symbols or stamps on them. • Suspicious movements of funds occur from one bank to another, and then funds are moved back to the first bank. • Deposits are structured through multiple branches of the same bank or by groups of people who enter a single branch at the same time. • Currency is deposited or withdrawn in amounts just below identification or reporting thresholds. • Customer visits a safe deposit box or uses a safe custody account on an unusually frequent basis. • Safe deposit boxes or safe custody accounts opened by individuals who do not reside or work in the institution’s service area, despite the availability of such services at an institution closer to them. • Customer repeatedly uses a bank or branch location that is geographically distant from the customer’s home or office without sufficient business purpose. • Customer exhibits unusual traffic patterns in the safe deposit box area or unusual use of safe custody accounts. For example, several individuals arrive together, enter frequently, or carry bags or other containers that could conceal large amounts of currency, monetary instruments, or small valuable items. • Customer rents multiple safe deposit boxes to store large amounts of currency, monetary instruments, or high-value assets awaiting conversion to currency, for placement into the banking system. Similarly, a customer establishes multiple safe custody accounts to park large amounts of securities awaiting sale and conversion into currency, monetary instruments, outgoing funds transfers, or a combination thereof, for placement into the banking system. • Unusual use of trust funds in business transactions or other financial activity. • Customer uses a personal account for business purposes. • Customer has established multiple accounts in various corporate or individual names that lack sufficient business purpose for the account complexities or appear to be an effort to hide the beneficial ownership from the bank. • Customer makes multiple and frequent currency deposits to various accounts that are purportedly unrelated. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual F–8 8/24/2007
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Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laund
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Table of Contents EXPANDED EXAMINAT
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INTRODUCTION Introduction This Fede
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Background Introduction In 1970, Co
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Introduction institutions, such as
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Introduction proliferation of weapo
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Introduction Although the motivatio
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Scoping and Planning — Overview C
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Scoping and Planning — Overview T
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Overvie
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Analysis of Specific Risk Categorie
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Examina
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Over
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Exam
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Customer Identification Program —
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Customer Information Required Custo
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Transaction Testing Customer Identi
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Customer Due Diligence — Overview
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Customer Due Diligence — Examinat
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — O
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Law Enforcement Inquiries and Reque
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Timing of a SAR Filing Suspicious A
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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• Operating a pawn brokerage. Cur
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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Information Sharing — Overview In
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Information Sharing — Overview su
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Information Sharing — Overview es
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Copies of section 314(a) requests.
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Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Responsibilities of Beneficiary’s
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — E
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Foreign Correspondent Account Recor
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Private Banking Due Diligence Progr
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Special Measures — Overview minim
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Examination Procedures Special Meas
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Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
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International Transportation of Cur
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
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Enterprise-Wide BSA/AML Compliance
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Corporate management. Enterprise-Wi
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Foreign Branches and Offices of U.S
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Examination Procedures Parallel Ban
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Correspondent Accounts (Domestic)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Overview U.S
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Examination
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Payable Through Accounts — Overvi
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Risk Mitigation Pouch Activities
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Pouch Activities — Examination Pr
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Electronic Banking — Overview lin
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Examination Procedures Electronic B
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Funds Transfers — Overview and on
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Funds Transfers — Overview busine
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Examination Procedures Funds Transf
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Automated Clearing House Transactio
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Transaction Testing Automated Clear
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Electronic Cash — Overview Using
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Third-Party Payment Processors —
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Third-Party Payment Processors —
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Brokered Deposits — Overview Brok
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Examination Procedures Brokered Dep
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Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
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• Expected account activity, incl
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Privately Owned ATMs — Examinatio
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Nondeposit Investment Products —
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Nondeposit Investment Products —
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− Holdings in excess of the custo
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Insurance — Overview its insuranc
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Examination Procedures Insurance In
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Concentration Accounts — Overview
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Concentration Accounts — Examinat
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Lending Activities — Overview bus
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Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
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Risk Mitigation Trade Finance Activ
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Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
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Private Banking — Overview Privat
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Customer Risk Assessment Private Ba
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Private Banking — Overview determ
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Offshore entities. Cash-intensive b
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Trust and Asset Management Services
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• The type of trust or agency acc
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Transaction Testing Trust and Asset
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Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
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Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
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Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
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Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
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Politically Exposed Persons — Exa
Page 275 and 276: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
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Page 279 and 280: Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
Page 287 and 288: Professional Service Providers —
Page 289 and 290: Professional Service Providers —
Page 291 and 292: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 293 and 294: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 295 and 296: Business Entities (Domestic and For
Page 297 and 298: Risk Factors Business Entities (Dom
Page 303 and 304: Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overv
Page 305 and 306: Appendix A: BSA Laws and Regulation
Page 311 and 312: Appendix B: BSA/AML Directives Appe
Page 313 and 314: Web Sites Appendix C: BSA/AML Refer
Page 315 and 316: Appendix C: BSA/AML References •
Page 317 and 318: Appendix D: Statutory Definition of
Page 319 and 320: Appendix E: International Organizat
Page 321 and 322: Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
Page 323 and 324: Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
Page 325: Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
Page 329 and 330: Funds Transfers Appendix F: Money L
Page 331 and 332: Appendix G: Structuring However, tw
Page 333 and 334: Appendix H: Request Letter Items (C
Page 339 and 340: Expanded Examination Procedures App
Page 341 and 342: Parallel Banking _ List any paralle
Page 351 and 352: Appendix I: Risk Assessment Link to
Page 353 and 354: Appendix J: Quantity of Risk Matrix
Page 355 and 356: Appendix K: Customer Risk versus Du
Page 357 and 358: When did the suspicious activity ta
Page 359 and 360: Low No history of OFAC actions. No
Page 361 and 362: Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
Page 363 and 364: Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
Page 365 and 366: Signature Cards Appendix P: BSA Rec
Page 367 and 368: Name and address of the beneficiary
Page 369 and 370: Appendix P: BSA Record Retention Re
Page 371 and 372: Acronym or abbreviation Full name E
Page 373 and 374: Acronym or abbreviation Full name N
Page 375 and 376: Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance Ap
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance As
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance ex
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance FF
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Backfiling. See Currency Transactio
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overview, 165-167 request letter it
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money services businesses, 279 nond
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Export Administration Act of 1979,
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Index 314(a) record searches, 88 Cu
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Index for a BSA/AML compliance prog
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guidance on providing banking servi
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247, 253, H-15 Offshore Financial C
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trade finance activities, H-14 trus
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enterprise-wide, 149-150, 152, 153
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U United Nations, 7, 137 Updating O
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