BSA/AML Examination Manual - ffiec

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Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overview Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overview Objective. Assess the adequacy of the bank’s systems to manage the risks associated with cash-intensive businesses and entities, and management’s ability to implement effective due diligence, monitoring, and reporting systems. Cash-intensive businesses and entities cover various industry sectors. Most of these businesses are conducting legitimate business; however, some aspects of these businesses may be susceptible to money laundering or terrorist financing. Common examples include, but are not limited to, the following: • Convenience stores. • Restaurants. • Retail stores. • Liquor stores. • Cigarette distributors. • Privately owned automated teller machines (ATMs). • Vending machine operators. • Parking garages. Risk Factors Some businesses and entities may be misused by money launderers to legitimize their illicit proceeds. For example, a criminal may own a cash-intensive business, such as a restaurant, and use it to launder currency from illicit criminal activities. The restaurant’s currency deposits with its bank do not, on the surface, appear unusual since the business is legitimately a cash-generating entity. However, the volume of currency in a restaurant used to launder money will most likely be higher in comparison with similar restaurants in the area. The nature of cash-intensive businesses and the difficulty in identifying unusual activity may cause these businesses to be considered high risk. Risk Mitigation When establishing and maintaining relationships with cash-intensive businesses, banks should establish policies, procedures, and processes to identify high-risk relationships; assess AML risks; complete due diligence at account opening and periodically throughout the relationship; and include such relationships in appropriate monitoring for unusual or suspicious activity. At the time of account opening, the bank should have an understanding of the customer’s business operations; the intended use of the account; including anticipated transaction volume, products, and services used; and the geographic locations involved in the relationship. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 298 8/24/2007
Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overview When conducting a risk assessment of cash-intensive businesses, banks should direct their resources to those accounts that pose the greatest risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. The following factors may be used to identify the risks: • The purpose of the account. • The volume, frequency, and nature of currency transactions. • Customer history (e.g., length of relationship, Currency Transaction Report (CTR) filings, 240 and Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) filings). • The primary business activity, products, and services offered. • The business or business structure. • Geographic locations and jurisdictions of operations. • The availability of information and cooperation of the business in providing information. For those customers deemed to be particularly high risk, bank management may consider implementing sound practices, such as periodic on-site visits, interviews with the business’s management, or closer reviews of transactional activity. 240 As discussed in the core overview section, “Currency Transaction Reporting Exemptions,” page 81, certain entities are ineligible for currency transaction reporting exemptions as a non-listed business. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 299 8/24/2007
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Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laund
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Table of Contents EXPANDED EXAMINAT
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INTRODUCTION Introduction This Fede
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Background Introduction In 1970, Co
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Introduction institutions, such as
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Introduction proliferation of weapo
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Introduction Although the motivatio
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Scoping and Planning — Overview C
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Scoping and Planning — Overview T
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Overvie
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Analysis of Specific Risk Categorie
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Examina
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Over
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Exam
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Customer Identification Program —
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Customer Information Required Custo
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Transaction Testing Customer Identi
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Customer Due Diligence — Overview
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Customer Due Diligence — Examinat
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — O
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Law Enforcement Inquiries and Reque
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Timing of a SAR Filing Suspicious A
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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• Operating a pawn brokerage. Cur
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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Information Sharing — Overview In
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Information Sharing — Overview su
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Information Sharing — Overview es
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Copies of section 314(a) requests.
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Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Responsibilities of Beneficiary’s
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — E
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Foreign Correspondent Account Recor
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Private Banking Due Diligence Progr
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Special Measures — Overview minim
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Examination Procedures Special Meas
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Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
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International Transportation of Cur
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
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Enterprise-Wide BSA/AML Compliance
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Corporate management. Enterprise-Wi
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Foreign Branches and Offices of U.S
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Examination Procedures Parallel Ban
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Correspondent Accounts (Domestic)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Overview U.S
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Examination
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Payable Through Accounts — Overvi
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Risk Mitigation Pouch Activities
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Pouch Activities — Examination Pr
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Electronic Banking — Overview lin
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Examination Procedures Electronic B
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Funds Transfers — Overview and on
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Funds Transfers — Overview busine
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Examination Procedures Funds Transf
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Automated Clearing House Transactio
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Transaction Testing Automated Clear
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Electronic Cash — Overview Using
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Third-Party Payment Processors —
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Third-Party Payment Processors —
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Brokered Deposits — Overview Brok
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Examination Procedures Brokered Dep
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Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
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• Expected account activity, incl
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Privately Owned ATMs — Examinatio
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Nondeposit Investment Products —
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Nondeposit Investment Products —
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− Holdings in excess of the custo
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Insurance — Overview its insuranc
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Examination Procedures Insurance In
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Concentration Accounts — Overview
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Concentration Accounts — Examinat
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Lending Activities — Overview bus
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Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
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Risk Mitigation Trade Finance Activ
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Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
Page 251 and 252: Private Banking — Overview Privat
Page 253 and 254: Customer Risk Assessment Private Ba
Page 255 and 256: Private Banking — Overview determ
Page 257 and 258: Offshore entities. Cash-intensive b
Page 259 and 260: Trust and Asset Management Services
Page 261 and 262: • The type of trust or agency acc
Page 263 and 264: Transaction Testing Trust and Asset
Page 265 and 266: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 267 and 268: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 269 and 270: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 271 and 272: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 273 and 274: Politically Exposed Persons — Exa
Page 275 and 276: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 277 and 278: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 279 and 280: Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
Page 287 and 288: Professional Service Providers —
Page 289 and 290: Professional Service Providers —
Page 291 and 292: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 293 and 294: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 295 and 296: Business Entities (Domestic and For
Page 297 and 298: Risk Factors Business Entities (Dom
Page 299 and 300: Business Entities (Domestic and For
Page 301: Business Entities (Domestic and For
Page 305 and 306: Appendix A: BSA Laws and Regulation
Page 311 and 312: Appendix B: BSA/AML Directives Appe
Page 313 and 314: Web Sites Appendix C: BSA/AML Refer
Page 315 and 316: Appendix C: BSA/AML References •
Page 317 and 318: Appendix D: Statutory Definition of
Page 319 and 320: Appendix E: International Organizat
Page 321 and 322: Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
Page 325 and 326: Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
Page 329 and 330: Funds Transfers Appendix F: Money L
Page 331 and 332: Appendix G: Structuring However, tw
Page 333 and 334: Appendix H: Request Letter Items (C
Page 339 and 340: Expanded Examination Procedures App
Page 341 and 342: Parallel Banking _ List any paralle
Page 351 and 352: Appendix I: Risk Assessment Link to
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Appendix J: Quantity of Risk Matrix
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Appendix K: Customer Risk versus Du
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When did the suspicious activity ta
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Low No history of OFAC actions. No
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Signature Cards Appendix P: BSA Rec
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Name and address of the beneficiary
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Appendix P: BSA Record Retention Re
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name E
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name N
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance Ap
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance As
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance ex
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance FF
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Backfiling. See Currency Transactio
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overview, 165-167 request letter it
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money services businesses, 279 nond
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Export Administration Act of 1979,
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Index 314(a) record searches, 88 Cu
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Index for a BSA/AML compliance prog
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guidance on providing banking servi
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247, 253, H-15 Offshore Financial C
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trade finance activities, H-14 trus
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enterprise-wide, 149-150, 152, 153
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U United Nations, 7, 137 Updating O
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