BSA/AML Examination Manual - ffiec

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Trade Finance Activities — Overview Trade finance transactions frequently use Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) messages. U.S. banks must comply with OFAC regulations, and when necessary, licensing in advance of funding. Banks should monitor the names of the parties contained in these messages and compare the names against OFAC lists. Refer to overview section, “Office of Foreign Assets Control,” page 137, for guidance. Banks with a high volume of SWIFT messages should determine whether their monitoring efforts are adequate to detect suspicious activity, particularly if the monitoring mechanism is not automated. Refer to overview section “Suspicious Activity Reporting,” page 60, and expanded overview section, “Funds Transfers,” page 192, for additional guidance. Policies, procedures, and processes should also require a thorough review of all applicable trade documentation to enable the bank to monitor and report unusual and suspicious activity, based on the role played by the bank in the letter of credit process. The sophistication of the documentation review process and management information systems should be commensurate with the size and complexity of the bank’s trade finance portfolio and its role in the letter of credit process. In addition to OFAC filtering, the monitoring process should give greater scrutiny to: • Items shipped that are inconsistent with the nature of the customer’s business (e.g., a steel company that starts dealing in paper products, or an information technology company that starts dealing in bulk pharmaceuticals). • Customers conducting business in high-risk jurisdictions. • Customers shipping items through high-risk jurisdictions, including transit through non-cooperative countries. • Customers involved in potentially high-risk activities, including activities that may be subject to export/import restrictions (e.g., equipment for military or police organizations of foreign governments, weapons, ammunition, chemical mixtures, classified defense articles, sensitive technical data, nuclear materials, precious gems, or certain natural resources such as metals, ore, and crude oil). • Obvious over- or under-pricing of goods and services. • Obvious misrepresentation of quantity or type of goods imported or exported. • Transaction structure appears unnecessarily complex and designed to obscure the true nature of the transaction. • Customer directs payment of proceeds to an unrelated third party. • Shipment locations or description of goods not consistent with letter of credit. • Documentation showing a higher or lower value or cost of merchandise than that which was declared to customs or paid by the importer. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 244 8/24/2007
Trade Finance Activities — Overview • Significantly amended letters of credit without reasonable justification or changes to the beneficiary or location of payment. Any changes in the names of parties also should prompt additional OFAC review. Unless customer behavior or transaction documentation appears unusual, the bank should not be expected to spend undue time or effort reviewing all information. The examples above, particularly for an Issuing Bank, may be included as part of its routine CDD process. Banks with robust CDD programs may find that less focus is needed on individual transactions as a result of their comprehensive knowledge of the customer’s activities. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 245 8/24/2007
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Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laund
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Table of Contents EXPANDED EXAMINAT
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INTRODUCTION Introduction This Fede
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Background Introduction In 1970, Co
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Introduction institutions, such as
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Introduction proliferation of weapo
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Introduction Although the motivatio
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Scoping and Planning — Overview C
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Scoping and Planning — Overview T
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Overvie
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Analysis of Specific Risk Categorie
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Examina
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Over
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Exam
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Customer Identification Program —
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Customer Information Required Custo
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Transaction Testing Customer Identi
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Customer Due Diligence — Overview
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Customer Due Diligence — Examinat
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — O
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Law Enforcement Inquiries and Reque
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Timing of a SAR Filing Suspicious A
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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• Operating a pawn brokerage. Cur
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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Information Sharing — Overview In
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Information Sharing — Overview su
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Information Sharing — Overview es
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Copies of section 314(a) requests.
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Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Responsibilities of Beneficiary’s
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — E
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Foreign Correspondent Account Recor
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Private Banking Due Diligence Progr
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Special Measures — Overview minim
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Examination Procedures Special Meas
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Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
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International Transportation of Cur
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
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Enterprise-Wide BSA/AML Compliance
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Corporate management. Enterprise-Wi
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Foreign Branches and Offices of U.S
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Examination Procedures Parallel Ban
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Correspondent Accounts (Domestic)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Overview U.S
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U.S. Dollar Drafts — Examination
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Payable Through Accounts — Overvi
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Payable Through Accounts — Examin
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Risk Mitigation Pouch Activities
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Pouch Activities — Examination Pr
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Electronic Banking — Overview lin
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Examination Procedures Electronic B
Page 197 and 198: Funds Transfers — Overview and on
Page 199 and 200: Funds Transfers — Overview busine
Page 201 and 202: Examination Procedures Funds Transf
Page 203 and 204: Automated Clearing House Transactio
Page 209 and 210: Transaction Testing Automated Clear
Page 211 and 212: Electronic Cash — Overview Using
Page 213 and 214: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 215 and 216: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 217 and 218: Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
Page 219 and 220: Brokered Deposits — Overview Brok
Page 221 and 222: Examination Procedures Brokered Dep
Page 223 and 224: Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
Page 225 and 226: • Expected account activity, incl
Page 227 and 228: Privately Owned ATMs — Examinatio
Page 229 and 230: Nondeposit Investment Products —
Page 231 and 232: Nondeposit Investment Products —
Page 233 and 234: − Holdings in excess of the custo
Page 235 and 236: Insurance — Overview its insuranc
Page 237 and 238: Examination Procedures Insurance In
Page 239 and 240: Concentration Accounts — Overview
Page 241 and 242: Concentration Accounts — Examinat
Page 243 and 244: Lending Activities — Overview bus
Page 245 and 246: Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
Page 247: Risk Mitigation Trade Finance Activ
Page 251 and 252: Private Banking — Overview Privat
Page 253 and 254: Customer Risk Assessment Private Ba
Page 255 and 256: Private Banking — Overview determ
Page 257 and 258: Offshore entities. Cash-intensive b
Page 259 and 260: Trust and Asset Management Services
Page 261 and 262: • The type of trust or agency acc
Page 263 and 264: Transaction Testing Trust and Asset
Page 265 and 266: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 267 and 268: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 269 and 270: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 271 and 272: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 273 and 274: Politically Exposed Persons — Exa
Page 275 and 276: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 277 and 278: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 279 and 280: Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
Page 287 and 288: Professional Service Providers —
Page 289 and 290: Professional Service Providers —
Page 291 and 292: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 293 and 294: Non-Governmental Organizations and
Page 295 and 296: Business Entities (Domestic and For
Page 297 and 298: Risk Factors Business Entities (Dom
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Business Entities (Domestic and For
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Business Entities (Domestic and For
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Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overv
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Appendix A: BSA Laws and Regulation
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Appendix B: BSA/AML Directives Appe
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Web Sites Appendix C: BSA/AML Refer
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Appendix C: BSA/AML References •
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Appendix D: Statutory Definition of
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Appendix E: International Organizat
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Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
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Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
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Funds Transfers Appendix F: Money L
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Appendix G: Structuring However, tw
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Appendix H: Request Letter Items (C
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Expanded Examination Procedures App
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Parallel Banking _ List any paralle
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Appendix I: Risk Assessment Link to
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Appendix J: Quantity of Risk Matrix
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Appendix K: Customer Risk versus Du
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When did the suspicious activity ta
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Low No history of OFAC actions. No
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Signature Cards Appendix P: BSA Rec
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Name and address of the beneficiary
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Appendix P: BSA Record Retention Re
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name E
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name N
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance Ap
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance As
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance ex
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance FF
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Backfiling. See Currency Transactio
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overview, 165-167 request letter it
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money services businesses, 279 nond
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Export Administration Act of 1979,
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Index 314(a) record searches, 88 Cu
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Index for a BSA/AML compliance prog
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guidance on providing banking servi
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247, 253, H-15 Offshore Financial C
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trade finance activities, H-14 trus
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enterprise-wide, 149-150, 152, 153
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U United Nations, 7, 137 Updating O
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