BSA/AML Examination Manual - ffiec

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Nondeposit Investment Products — Overview With in-house sales and proprietary products, the entire customer relationship and all BSA/AML risks may need to be managed by the bank, depending on how the products are sold. Unlike a networking arrangement, in which all or some of the responsibilities may be assumed by the third-party broker/dealer with in-house sales and proprietary products, the bank should manage all of its in-house and proprietary NDIP sales not only on a department-wide basis, but on an enterprise-wide basis. Risk Factors BSA/AML risks arise because NDIP can involve complex legal arrangements, large dollar amounts, and the rapid movement of funds. NDIP portfolios managed and controlled directly by clients pose a greater money laundering risk than those managed by the bank or by the financial services provider. Sophisticated clients may create ownership structures to obscure the ultimate control and ownership of these investments. For example, customers can retain a certain level of anonymity by creating Private Investment Companies (PICs), 190 offshore trusts, or other investment entities that hide the customer’s ownership or beneficial interest. Risk Mitigation Management should develop risk-based policies, procedures, and processes that enable the bank to identify unusual account relationships and circumstances, questionable assets and sources of funds, and other potential areas of risk (e.g., offshore accounts, agency accounts, and unidentified beneficiaries). Management should be alert to situations that need additional review or research. Networking Arrangements Before entering into a networking arrangement, banks should conduct an appropriate review of the broker/dealer. The review should include an assessment of the broker/dealer’s financial status, management experience, National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) status, reputation, and ability to fulfill its BSA/AML compliance responsibilities in regards to the bank’s customers. Appropriate due diligence would include a determination that the broker/dealer has adequate policies, procedures, and processes in place to enable the broker/dealer to meet its legal obligations. The bank should maintain documentation on its due diligence of the broker/dealer. Furthermore, detailed written contracts should address the BSA/AML responsibilities, including suspicious activity monitoring and reporting, of the broker/dealer and its registered representatives. A bank may also want to mitigate risk exposure by limiting certain investment products offered to its customers. Investment products such as PICs, offshore trusts, or offshore hedge funds may involve international funds transfers or offer customers ways to obscure ownership interests. 190 Refer to expanded overview section, “Business Entities (Domestic and Foreign),” page 290, for additional guidance on PICs. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 226 8/24/2007
Nondeposit Investment Products — Overview Bank management should make reasonable efforts to update due diligence information on the broker/dealer. Such efforts may include a periodic review of information on the broker/dealer’s compliance with its BSA/AML responsibilities, verification of the broker/dealer’s record in meeting testing requirements, and a review of consumer complaints. Bank management is also encouraged, when possible, to review BSA/AML reports generated by the broker/dealer. This review could include information on account openings, transactions, investment products sold, and suspicious activity monitoring and reporting. In-House Sales and Proprietary Products Bank management should assess risk on the basis of a variety of factors such as: • The type of NDIP purchased and the size of the transactions. • The types and frequency of transactions. • The country of residence of the principals or beneficiaries, or the country of incorporation, or the source of funds. • Accounts and transactions that are not usual and customary for the customer or for the bank. For customers that management considers high risk for money laundering and terrorist financing, more stringent documentation, verification, and transaction monitoring procedures should be established. Enhanced due diligence may be appropriate in the following situations: • The bank is entering into a relationship with a new customer. • Nondiscretionary accounts have a large asset size or frequent transactions. • The customer resides in a foreign jurisdiction. • The customer is a PIC or other corporate structure established in a higher-risk jurisdiction. • Assets or transactions are atypical for the customer. • Investment type, size, assets, or transactions are atypical for the bank. • International funds transfers are conducted, particularly from offshore funding sources. • The identities of the principals or beneficiaries in investments or relationships are unknown or cannot be easily determined. • Politically exposed persons (PEPs) are parties to any investments or transactions. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 227 8/24/2007
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Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laund
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Table of Contents EXPANDED EXAMINAT
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INTRODUCTION Introduction This Fede
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Background Introduction In 1970, Co
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Introduction institutions, such as
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Introduction proliferation of weapo
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Introduction Although the motivatio
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Scoping and Planning — Overview C
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Scoping and Planning — Overview T
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Overvie
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Analysis of Specific Risk Categorie
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Examina
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Over
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Exam
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Customer Identification Program —
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Customer Information Required Custo
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Transaction Testing Customer Identi
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Customer Due Diligence — Overview
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Customer Due Diligence — Examinat
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — O
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Law Enforcement Inquiries and Reque
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Timing of a SAR Filing Suspicious A
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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• Operating a pawn brokerage. Cur
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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Information Sharing — Overview In
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Information Sharing — Overview su
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Information Sharing — Overview es
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Copies of section 314(a) requests.
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Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Responsibilities of Beneficiary’s
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — E
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Foreign Correspondent Account Recor
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Private Banking Due Diligence Progr
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Special Measures — Overview minim
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Examination Procedures Special Meas
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Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
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International Transportation of Cur
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
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Enterprise-Wide BSA/AML Compliance
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Corporate management. Enterprise-Wi
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Foreign Branches and Offices of U.S
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Examination Procedures Parallel Ban
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Correspondent Accounts (Domestic)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
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Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
Page 179 and 180: U.S. Dollar Drafts — Overview U.S
Page 181 and 182: U.S. Dollar Drafts — Examination
Page 183 and 184: Payable Through Accounts — Overvi
Page 185 and 186: Payable Through Accounts — Examin
Page 187 and 188: Payable Through Accounts — Examin
Page 189 and 190: Risk Mitigation Pouch Activities
Page 191 and 192: Pouch Activities — Examination Pr
Page 193 and 194: Electronic Banking — Overview lin
Page 195 and 196: Examination Procedures Electronic B
Page 197 and 198: Funds Transfers — Overview and on
Page 199 and 200: Funds Transfers — Overview busine
Page 201 and 202: Examination Procedures Funds Transf
Page 203 and 204: Automated Clearing House Transactio
Page 209 and 210: Transaction Testing Automated Clear
Page 211 and 212: Electronic Cash — Overview Using
Page 213 and 214: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 215 and 216: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 217 and 218: Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
Page 219 and 220: Brokered Deposits — Overview Brok
Page 221 and 222: Examination Procedures Brokered Dep
Page 223 and 224: Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
Page 225 and 226: • Expected account activity, incl
Page 227 and 228: Privately Owned ATMs — Examinatio
Page 229: Nondeposit Investment Products —
Page 233 and 234: − Holdings in excess of the custo
Page 235 and 236: Insurance — Overview its insuranc
Page 237 and 238: Examination Procedures Insurance In
Page 239 and 240: Concentration Accounts — Overview
Page 241 and 242: Concentration Accounts — Examinat
Page 243 and 244: Lending Activities — Overview bus
Page 245 and 246: Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
Page 247 and 248: Risk Mitigation Trade Finance Activ
Page 249 and 250: Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
Page 251 and 252: Private Banking — Overview Privat
Page 253 and 254: Customer Risk Assessment Private Ba
Page 255 and 256: Private Banking — Overview determ
Page 257 and 258: Offshore entities. Cash-intensive b
Page 259 and 260: Trust and Asset Management Services
Page 261 and 262: • The type of trust or agency acc
Page 263 and 264: Transaction Testing Trust and Asset
Page 265 and 266: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 267 and 268: Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
Page 269 and 270: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 271 and 272: Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
Page 273 and 274: Politically Exposed Persons — Exa
Page 275 and 276: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 277 and 278: Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
Page 279 and 280: Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
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Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
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Professional Service Providers —
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Professional Service Providers —
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Non-Governmental Organizations and
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Non-Governmental Organizations and
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Business Entities (Domestic and For
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Risk Factors Business Entities (Dom
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Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overv
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Appendix A: BSA Laws and Regulation
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Appendix B: BSA/AML Directives Appe
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Web Sites Appendix C: BSA/AML Refer
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Appendix C: BSA/AML References •
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Appendix D: Statutory Definition of
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Appendix E: International Organizat
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Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
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Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
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Funds Transfers Appendix F: Money L
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Appendix G: Structuring However, tw
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Appendix H: Request Letter Items (C
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Expanded Examination Procedures App
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Parallel Banking _ List any paralle
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Appendix I: Risk Assessment Link to
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Appendix J: Quantity of Risk Matrix
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Appendix K: Customer Risk versus Du
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When did the suspicious activity ta
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Low No history of OFAC actions. No
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Signature Cards Appendix P: BSA Rec
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Name and address of the beneficiary
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Appendix P: BSA Record Retention Re
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name E
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name N
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance Ap
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance As
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance ex
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance FF
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Backfiling. See Currency Transactio
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overview, 165-167 request letter it
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money services businesses, 279 nond
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Export Administration Act of 1979,
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Index 314(a) record searches, 88 Cu
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Index for a BSA/AML compliance prog
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guidance on providing banking servi
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247, 253, H-15 Offshore Financial C
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trade finance activities, H-14 trus
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enterprise-wide, 149-150, 152, 153
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U United Nations, 7, 137 Updating O
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