BSA/AML Examination Manual - ffiec

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Funds Transfers — Overview beneficiary banks. In these situations, both banks have minimal or no identifying information on the originator or the beneficiary. Risk Mitigation Funds transfers can be used in the placement, layering, and integration stages of money laundering. Funds transfers purchased with currency are an example of the placement stage. Detecting unusual activity in the layering and integration stages is more difficult for a bank because transactions may appear legitimate. In many cases, a bank may not be involved in the placement of the funds or in the final integration, only the layering of transactions. Banks should consider all three stages of money laundering when evaluating or assessing funds transfer risks. Banks need to have sound policies, procedures, and processes to manage the BSA/AML risks of its funds transfer activities. Such policies may encompass more than regulatory recordkeeping minimums and be expanded to cover OFAC. Funds transfer policies, procedures, and processes should address all foreign correspondent banking activities, including transactions in which U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks are intermediaries for their head offices. Obtaining customer due diligence (CDD) information is an important mitigant of risk in providing funds transfer services. Because of the nature of funds transfers, adequate and effective CDD policies, procedures, and processes are critical in detecting unusual and suspicious activities. An effective risk-based suspicious activity monitoring and reporting system is equally important. Whether this monitoring and reporting system is automated or manual, it should be sufficient to detect suspicious trends and patterns typically associated with money laundering. Originating and beneficiary banks should establish effective and appropriate policies, procedures, and processes for PUPID activity including: • Specifying the type of identification that is acceptable. • Maintaining documentation of individuals consistent with the bank’s recordkeeping policies. • Defining which bank employees may conduct PUPID transactions. • Establishing limits on the amount of funds that may be transferred to or from the bank for noncustomers (including type of funds accepted (i.e., currency or official check) by originating bank). • Monitoring and reporting suspicious activities. • Providing enhanced scrutiny for transfers to or from certain jurisdictions. • Identifying disbursement method (i.e., by currency or official check) for proceeds from beneficiary bank. FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 196 8/24/2007
Examination Procedures Funds Transfers Funds Transfers — Examination Procedures Objective. Assess the adequacy of the bank’s systems to manage the risks associated with funds transfers, and management’s ability to implement effective monitoring and reporting systems. This section expands the core review of the statutory and regulatory requirements of funds transfers to provide a broader assessment of AML risks associated with this activity. 1. Review the policies, procedures, and processes related to funds transfers. Evaluate the adequacy of the policies, procedures, and processes given the bank’s funds transfer activities and the risks they present. Assess whether the controls are adequate to reasonably protect the bank from money laundering and terrorist financing. 2. From review of management information systems (MIS) and internal risk rating factors, determine whether the bank effectively identifies and monitors funds transfer activities. 3. Evaluate the bank’s risks related to funds transfer activities by analyzing the frequency and dollar volume of funds transfers in relation to the bank’s size, its location, and the nature of its customer account relationships. 4. Determine whether an audit trail of funds transfer activities exists. Determine whether an adequate separation of duties or other compensating controls are in place to ensure proper authorization for sending and receiving funds transfers and for correcting postings to accounts. 5. Determine whether the bank’s system for monitoring funds transfers suspicious activities, and for reporting of suspicious activities, is adequate given the bank’s size, complexity, location, and types of customer relationships. Determine whether suspicious activity monitoring and reporting systems include: Funds transfers purchased with currency. Transactions in which the bank is acting as an intermediary. Transactions in which the bank is originating or receiving funds transfers from foreign financial institutions, particularly to or from jurisdictions with strict privacy and secrecy laws or those identified as high risk. Frequent currency deposits and subsequent transfers, particularly to a larger institution or out of the country. 6. Determine the bank’s procedures for payable upon proper identification (PUPID) transactions. Beneficiary bank — determine how the bank disburses the proceeds (i.e., by currency or official check). FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual 197 8/24/2007
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Bank Secrecy Act / Anti-Money Laund
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Table of Contents EXPANDED EXAMINAT
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INTRODUCTION Introduction This Fede
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Background Introduction In 1970, Co
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Introduction institutions, such as
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Introduction proliferation of weapo
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Introduction Although the motivatio
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Scoping and Planning — Overview C
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Scoping and Planning — Overview T
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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Scoping and Planning — Examinatio
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Overvie
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Analysis of Specific Risk Categorie
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BSA/AML Risk Assessment — Examina
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Over
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BSA/AML Compliance Program — Exam
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Developing Conclusions and Finalizi
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Customer Identification Program —
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Customer Information Required Custo
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Transaction Testing Customer Identi
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Customer Due Diligence — Overview
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Customer Due Diligence — Examinat
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — O
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Law Enforcement Inquiries and Reque
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Timing of a SAR Filing Suspicious A
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Suspicious Activity Reporting — E
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting —
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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• Operating a pawn brokerage. Cur
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Currency Transaction Reporting Exem
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Information Sharing — Overview In
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Information Sharing — Overview su
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Information Sharing — Overview es
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Copies of section 314(a) requests.
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Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — O
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Responsibilities of Beneficiary’s
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Funds Transfers Recordkeeping — E
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Foreign Correspondent Account Recor
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Private Banking Due Diligence Progr
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Special Measures — Overview minim
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Examination Procedures Special Meas
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Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
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International Transportation of Cur
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Office of Foreign Assets Control
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Page 149 and 150: Office of Foreign Assets Control
Page 151 and 152: Office of Foreign Assets Control
Page 153 and 154: Enterprise-Wide BSA/AML Compliance
Page 159 and 160: Corporate management. Enterprise-Wi
Page 161 and 162: Foreign Branches and Offices of U.S
Page 167 and 168: Examination Procedures Parallel Ban
Page 169 and 170: Correspondent Accounts (Domestic)
Page 175 and 176: Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
Page 177 and 178: Correspondent Accounts (Foreign)
Page 179 and 180: U.S. Dollar Drafts — Overview U.S
Page 181 and 182: U.S. Dollar Drafts — Examination
Page 183 and 184: Payable Through Accounts — Overvi
Page 185 and 186: Payable Through Accounts — Examin
Page 187 and 188: Payable Through Accounts — Examin
Page 189 and 190: Risk Mitigation Pouch Activities
Page 191 and 192: Pouch Activities — Examination Pr
Page 193 and 194: Electronic Banking — Overview lin
Page 195 and 196: Examination Procedures Electronic B
Page 197 and 198: Funds Transfers — Overview and on
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Page 203 and 204: Automated Clearing House Transactio
Page 209 and 210: Transaction Testing Automated Clear
Page 211 and 212: Electronic Cash — Overview Using
Page 213 and 214: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 215 and 216: Third-Party Payment Processors —
Page 217 and 218: Purchase and Sale of Monetary Instr
Page 219 and 220: Brokered Deposits — Overview Brok
Page 221 and 222: Examination Procedures Brokered Dep
Page 223 and 224: Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
Page 225 and 226: • Expected account activity, incl
Page 227 and 228: Privately Owned ATMs — Examinatio
Page 229 and 230: Nondeposit Investment Products —
Page 231 and 232: Nondeposit Investment Products —
Page 233 and 234: − Holdings in excess of the custo
Page 235 and 236: Insurance — Overview its insuranc
Page 237 and 238: Examination Procedures Insurance In
Page 239 and 240: Concentration Accounts — Overview
Page 241 and 242: Concentration Accounts — Examinat
Page 243 and 244: Lending Activities — Overview bus
Page 245 and 246: Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
Page 247 and 248: Risk Mitigation Trade Finance Activ
Page 249 and 250: Trade Finance Activities — Overvi
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Private Banking — Overview Privat
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Customer Risk Assessment Private Ba
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Private Banking — Overview determ
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Offshore entities. Cash-intensive b
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Trust and Asset Management Services
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• The type of trust or agency acc
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Transaction Testing Trust and Asset
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Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
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Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Indi
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Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
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Politically Exposed Persons — Ove
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Politically Exposed Persons — Exa
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Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
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Embassy and Foreign Consulate Accou
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Non-Bank Financial Institutions —
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Professional Service Providers —
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Professional Service Providers —
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Non-Governmental Organizations and
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Non-Governmental Organizations and
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Business Entities (Domestic and For
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Risk Factors Business Entities (Dom
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Cash-Intensive Businesses — Overv
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Appendix A: BSA Laws and Regulation
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Appendix B: BSA/AML Directives Appe
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Web Sites Appendix C: BSA/AML Refer
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Appendix C: BSA/AML References •
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Appendix D: Statutory Definition of
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Appendix E: International Organizat
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Appendix F: Money Laundering and Te
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Privately Owned Automated Teller Ma
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Funds Transfers Appendix F: Money L
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Appendix G: Structuring However, tw
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Appendix H: Request Letter Items (C
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Expanded Examination Procedures App
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Parallel Banking _ List any paralle
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Appendix I: Risk Assessment Link to
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Appendix J: Quantity of Risk Matrix
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Appendix K: Customer Risk versus Du
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When did the suspicious activity ta
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Low No history of OFAC actions. No
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Appendix O: Examiner Tools for Tran
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Signature Cards Appendix P: BSA Rec
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Name and address of the beneficiary
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Appendix P: BSA Record Retention Re
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name E
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Acronym or abbreviation Full name N
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance Ap
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance As
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance ex
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Appendix R: Enforcement Guidance FF
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Backfiling. See Currency Transactio
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overview, 165-167 request letter it
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money services businesses, 279 nond
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Export Administration Act of 1979,
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Index 314(a) record searches, 88 Cu
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Index for a BSA/AML compliance prog
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guidance on providing banking servi
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247, 253, H-15 Offshore Financial C
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trade finance activities, H-14 trus
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enterprise-wide, 149-150, 152, 153
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U United Nations, 7, 137 Updating O
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