PDF, GB, 56 p., 1,3 Mo - Femise
PDF, GB, 56 p., 1,3 Mo - Femise PDF, GB, 56 p., 1,3 Mo - Femise
intermediate inputs into production for export than these are intermediate input sectors that could then be affected by changes in rules of origin regimes. Table 5: Imports of goods in 2005 and 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Change (%) Million US$ Share 4.00 Total Imports of goods: 19,812 20,613 28.90 Mineral fuels 2,675 3,367 0.14 0.16 25.90 Machinery & mechanical appliances 1,774 1,856 0.09 0.09 4.60 Cereals 1,624 1,513 0.08 0.07 -6.80 Iron and steel 1,208 1,013 0.06 0.05 -16.10 Electrical machinery and equipment 1,072 1,124 0.05 0.05 4.90 Vehicles and parts 801 923 0.04 0.04 15.20 Plastics and products 740 683 0.04 0.03 -7.70 Wood and articles 673 652 0.03 0.03 -3.10 Organic chemicals 525 508 0.03 0.02 -3.20 Animal or vegetable fats 452 480 0.02 0.02 6.20 Total 11,544 12,119 0.58 0.59 Source: www.capmas.gov.eg. In considering the structure of trade, it is also important to consider the geographical pattern of trade. Figure 2 demonstrates the geographic distribution of exports and imports in 2006. From this it can be seen that the EU is the principal destination markt for Egypt’s exports which account for 40% of total exports, while exports to Asian countries and other countries (mainly Arab countries) amounted to 28% and 18% respectively. Exports to the Americas and African countries were very limited and did not exceed 9 and 5 percent respectively. With respect to the geographic distribution of imports, there is a similar pattern with the EU providing 35% of imports, followed by Asia (32%) and other countries (15%), while imports from the Americas and African countries are somewhat lower. Figure 2: The geographic distribution of exports and imports in 2006 Americas 9% Geographic Distribution of Exports in O thers 2006 18% Africa 5% Asia 28% Europe 40% Americas 13% Geographic Distribution of Imports in O thers 2006 16% Africa 4% Asia 32% Europe 35%
Source: Obtained from www.capmas.gov.eg. In addition, there is some evidence that Egypt is losing its share in both the European and MENA markets, largely at the expense competitors such as China and Turkey, especially in labour-intensive textiles and clothing industries. In contrast, it is worth noting that Egypt was able to increase its exports of textiles and clothing to the US and was not threatened by Chinese or Turkish exports. This is mainly due to the QIZ protocol (Pigato and Ghoneim, 2006) Figure 3, illustrates that Egypt's share of manufactured trade in the European market was almost stagnant during the period 1995-2004, and was less than 1 percent; while the share of Turkey and China doubled and tripled successively during the same period. Although Egypt enjoyed higher share in manufactured trade in MENA market compared to the European market, it is still very low despite the slight increase in 2000 and 2004. Figure 3: The Share of Egyptian, Turkish and Chinese Manufactured Trade in European and MENA Markets, 1995-2004 (%) 1995 2000 2004 The European Market MENA Market Source: Noureldin et al, 2006 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 0.0% 4.0% 8.0% 12.0% 16.0% Of course it is worth pointing out that many of Egypt’s trade agreements, eg. with the EU, or Agadir are relatively new, and it is too early to assess their full impact. Moreover, in order to realise their expected benefits, with respect to exports, in the future, it will be important for Egyptian manufacturing industry to realised longer term productivity and hence competitiveness gains; and to mover from lower technology to medium and higher technology and to higher value added exports. 3 Assessing the significance of Rules of Origin for Egypt In this part of the report we assess the potential importance of rules of origin, and therefore also the cumulation of rules of origin for the case of Egypt. In order to this we proceed on several fronts. First, we examine the available data on utilisation rates in order to establish if there is any prima facie evidence that Egyptian exporters are 1995 2000 2004 China Turkey Egypt
- Page 1 and 2: In collaboration with: F E M I S E
- Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Introduction ..........
- Page 5 and 6: to identify whether ROOs are indeed
- Page 7 and 8: that can be use, or on the imported
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- Page 11 and 12: etween countries which are typicall
- Page 13 and 14: 1.2 1.4 .8 1 1.1 .8 .9 1 322 323 .8
- Page 15 and 16: 3.3 Results The principal results f
- Page 17 and 18: Table 2: ROO+TD dummy by industry -
- Page 19 and 20: still satisfying the originating re
- Page 21 and 22: Sectoral level characteristics: •
- Page 23 and 24: constraining rules of origin, we us
- Page 25 and 26: Ceteris paribus, if the share of in
- Page 27 and 28: positive, as would be expected, in
- Page 29 and 30: 4. Summary and Conclusion In summar
- Page 31 and 32: European Commission, (2003), Green
- Page 33 and 34: The role of Rules of Origin in Egyp
- Page 35 and 36: 1 Introduction The aim of this part
- Page 37 and 38: and Morocco appear to have benefite
- Page 39: Tunisia 21.4 20.1 40.7 15.2 2.5 11.
- Page 43 and 44: Hence, if you consider that bottom
- Page 45 and 46: For the total of all manufacturing
- Page 47 and 48: Total 29,305,151 14,425,977 43,731,
- Page 49 and 50: obtained goods, exporting to only o
- Page 51 and 52: 5 Appendix 1: Qualifying Industrial
- Page 53 and 54: 6 Orouba Agrifoods Processing co. J
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intermediate inputs into production for export than these are intermediate input<br />
sectors that could then be affected by changes in rules of origin regimes.<br />
Table 5: Imports of goods in 2005 and 2006<br />
2005 2006 2005 2006<br />
Change<br />
(%)<br />
Million US$ Share 4.00<br />
Total Imports of goods: 19,812 20,613 28.90<br />
Mineral fuels 2,675 3,367 0.14 0.16 25.90<br />
Machinery & mechanical appliances 1,774 1,8<strong>56</strong> 0.09 0.09 4.60<br />
Cereals 1,624 1,513 0.08 0.07 -6.80<br />
Iron and steel 1,208 1,013 0.06 0.05 -16.10<br />
Electrical machinery and equipment 1,072 1,124 0.05 0.05 4.90<br />
Vehicles and parts 801 923 0.04 0.04 15.20<br />
Plastics and products 740 683 0.04 0.03 -7.70<br />
Wood and articles 673 652 0.03 0.03 -3.10<br />
Organic chemicals 525 508 0.03 0.02 -3.20<br />
Animal or vegetable fats 452 480 0.02 0.02 6.20<br />
Total 11,544 12,119 0.58 0.59<br />
Source: www.capmas.gov.eg.<br />
In considering the structure of trade, it is also important to consider the geographical<br />
pattern of trade. Figure 2 demonstrates the geographic distribution of exports and<br />
imports in 2006. From this it can be seen that the EU is the principal destination<br />
markt for Egypt’s exports which account for 40% of total exports, while exports to<br />
Asian countries and other countries (mainly Arab countries) amounted to 28% and<br />
18% respectively. Exports to the Americas and African countries were very limited<br />
and did not exceed 9 and 5 percent respectively. With respect to the geographic<br />
distribution of imports, there is a similar pattern with the EU providing 35% of<br />
imports, followed by Asia (32%) and other countries (15%), while imports from the<br />
Americas and African countries are somewhat lower.<br />
Figure 2: The geographic distribution of exports and imports in 2006<br />
Americas<br />
9%<br />
Geographic Distribution of Exports in<br />
O thers 2006<br />
18%<br />
Africa<br />
5%<br />
Asia<br />
28%<br />
Europe<br />
40%<br />
Americas<br />
13%<br />
Geographic Distribution of Imports in<br />
O thers 2006<br />
16%<br />
Africa<br />
4%<br />
Asia<br />
32%<br />
Europe<br />
35%
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