Etudes par pays volume 2, PDF, 346 p., 1,4 Mo - Femise
Etudes par pays volume 2, PDF, 346 p., 1,4 Mo - Femise Etudes par pays volume 2, PDF, 346 p., 1,4 Mo - Femise
Table 7 Poverty line in Greece according to alternative definitions. (Calculated from the Greek Household Survey 1998/1999) Definition of Proportion of people below the poverty line: On the basis of consumer On the basis of income expenditure poverty line 40% of median income 4.9 6.0 50% of median income 10.7 11.2 60% of median income 17.9 17.3 70% of median income 25.6 25.1 Gini coefficient 0.307 0.322 Source: Adapted from the Greek National Action Plan for Social Inclusion Note: Expenditure and income are per equivalent adult in the household, taking account of the size and the age composition of the household, on the basis of the OECD scale.
11873_2002 Study D2: Poverty, Informal Sector, Health and Labour Comparing Greece with the EU average shows that the risk of poverty (60 per cent definition) is 23 per cent against 16 per cent for the Union. The risk of poverty varies among different groups of people. For example, unemployed males have a risk of 45 per cent-the highest- the retired females 40 per cent; and the economically inactive males 29 per cent. The corresponding average figures for the Union are, 43, 19 and 25 per cent. While the figures for unemployed males and inactive males are only a little higher than those of the Union, the risk of poverty of retired females is double the figure of the Union (EC, 2002, pp.186, 188). In Greece, 46 per cent of one-person households over 65 live below the poverty line as against an average of 27 per cent for the EU (50 per cent definition of poverty line). Poor men over 65 represent 37.8 per cent of all aged men and poor women 59.6 per cent of all aged women. It is particularly interesting that the level of education of the Greeks who are below the poverty line is much higher than the corresponding average of the EU. About 23 per cent of the poor Greeks have a relatively higher level of education compared to a corresponding 9 per cent in the EU (Eurostat, August, 2000). 3.2. Policy and Legislation Let me note at the outset the interesting observation that the Greek National Action Plan for Social Inclusion, which is, in effect, directly and indirectly a plan for poverty, is the responsibility of five ministries, namely Labour and Social Security as coordinator; Health and Welfare; Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization; National Education and Religion; and the National Economy and Finance. The lack of a specific official definition of poverty for policy purposes, explains, according to the NAP for social inclusion, the co-existence of a great variety of policies and income transfer schemes to certain population groups, which in fact include people with a high incidence of poverty (Glytsos and Kanellopoupos, 1999). Such measures, with evidently other objectives that in reality alleviate poverty include welfare assistance; jobs for the unemployed; training; solidarity pay to low pension beneficiaries; tax reductions; family allowances based on the number of children, or income transfers to persons with disabilities, unemployed, ex-prisoners, uninsured, women, etc. It must be emphasized in this context that the particular weight of the Greek social security system on work, is making it incapable of sufficiently covering those with a poor employment record, including young job seekers, the long term unemployed FONDAZIONE CENSIS 146
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Table 7 Poverty line in Greece according to alternative<br />
definitions. (Calculated from the Greek Household<br />
Survey 1998/1999)<br />
Definition of Proportion of people<br />
below the poverty line:<br />
On the basis<br />
of<br />
consumer<br />
On the basis<br />
of income<br />
expenditure<br />
poverty line<br />
40% of median income 4.9 6.0<br />
50% of median income 10.7 11.2<br />
60% of median income 17.9 17.3<br />
70% of median income 25.6 25.1<br />
Gini coefficient 0.307 0.322<br />
Source: Adapted from the Greek National Action Plan for Social<br />
Inclusion<br />
Note: Expenditure and income are per equivalent adult in the<br />
household, taking account of the size and the age composition of the<br />
household, on the basis of the OECD scale.
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