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Table 4 Current levels of variables Country DL_COST DL_PR DL_T EC_COST EC_PR EC_T LNGDP PR TAB_IMP SB_COST SB_PR SB_T Current level of corruption ALGERIA 70.8 25 244 10.3 49 397 8.76 6 9 25.3 14 24 -0.43 EGYPT 1067.1 30 263 18.4 55 1010 8.31 6 9 104.9 10 22 -0.42 ISRAEL 93.5 21 215 22.1 31 585 10.07 1 5 5.3 5 34 0.76 JORDAN 544.3 16 122 16.2 43 342 8.44 5 12 85.5 11 18 0.33 LEBANON 214.6 16 275 27.8 39 721 8.60 6 12 122.9 6 46 -0.39 MOROCCO 269.2 21 217 16.5 42 615 8.30 5 11 13.4 6 12 -0.09 SYRIA 359.8 20 134 21.9 47 872 8.16 7 18 34.5 12 43 -0.59 TUNISIA 1077.8 24 96 17.3 21 481 8.91 6 8 10 10 11 0.13 TURKEY 167.8 32 232 17.4 34 420 8.94 3 13 27.7 8 9 0.08 WEST BANK 559.3 20 114 20.2 26 700 6.81 6 7 243.5 12 106 -1.09 NMS -Mean 79.8 19.4 213.3 12.1 25.6 591.4 9.6 1.1 8.4 33.9 7.9 10.6 0.51 EU-15 - Mean 83.1 13.9 179.6 12.4 23.6 355 10.2 1 6.4 8.1 7.1 23.9 1.60 Table 5 Differences in the level of variables and predicted improvement at 1% level of significance (shown as change, not predicted value after the change) Predicted Country DL_COST DL_PR DL_T EC_COST EC_PR EC_T LNGDP PR TAB_IMP SB_COST SB_PR SB_T improvement ALGERIA 9.0 -5.6 -30.8 1.8 -23.4 194.4 -8.8 -6.0 -0.6 8.6 -6.1 -13.4 0.44 EGYPT -987.3 -10.6 -49.8 -6.3 -29.4 -418.6 -8.3 -6.0 -0.6 -71.0 -2.1 -11.4 0.40 ISRAEL -13.7 -1.6 -1.8 -10.0 -5.4 6.4 -10.1 -1.0 3.4 28.6 2.9 -23.4 -0.18 JORDAN -464.5 3.4 91.3 -4.1 -17.4 249.4 -8.4 -5.0 -3.6 -51.6 -3.1 -7.4 0.02 LEBANON -134.8 3.4 -61.8 -15.7 -13.4 -129.6 -8.6 -6.0 -3.6 -89.0 1.9 -35.4 0.14 MOROCCO -189.4 -1.6 -3.8 -4.4 -16.4 -23.6 -8.3 -5.0 -2.6 20.5 1.9 -1.4 0.05 SYRIA -280.0 -0.6 79.3 -9.8 -21.4 -280.6 -8.2 -7.0 -9.6 -0.6 -4.1 -32.4 0.65 TUNISIA -998.0 -4.6 117.3 -5.2 4.6 110.4 -8.9 -6.0 0.4 23.9 -2.1 -0.4 -0.06 TURKEY -88.0 -12.6 -18.8 -5.3 -8.4 171.4 -8.9 -3.0 -4.6 6.2 -0.1 1.6 0.33 WEST BANK -479.5 -0.6 99.3 -8.1 -0.4 -108.6 -6.8 -6.0 1.4 -209.6 -4.1 -95.4 0.12 Note: Higher corruption score means LESS corruption. 125
Table 6 Predicted improvement (shown as change, not predicted value after the change) at various levels of significance of explanatory variables Country Predicted Improvement in the Level of Corruption at 1% level of significance at 5% level of significance ALGERIA 0.44 0.52 EGYPT 0.40 0.51 ISRAEL -0.18 -0.16 JORDAN 0.02 0.07 LEBANON 0.14 0.19 MOROCCO 0.05 0.11 SYRIA 0.65 0.72 TUNISIA -0.06 -0.08 TURKEY 0.33 0.35 WEST BANK 0.12 0.12 Table 6 Predicted vs. Current Levels of Corruption in Selected Countries Region Country Current level Predicted level MENA ALGERIA -0.43 0.01 EGYPT -0.42 -0.02 ISRAEL 0.76 0.58 JORDAN 0.33 0.35 LEBANON -0.39 -0.25 MOROCCO -0.09 -0.03 SYRIA -0.59 0.06 TUNISIA 0.13 0.07 TURKEY 0.08 0.41 WEST BANK -1.09 -0.98 EU-8 CZECH REPUBLIC 0.42 ESTONIA 0.88 HUNGARY 0.63 LATVIA 0.33 LITHUANIA 0.26 POLAND 0.19 SLOVAK REPUBLIC 0.43 SLOVENIA 0.88 EU-14 AUSTRIA 1.99 BELGIUM 1.45 DENMARK 2.23 FINLAND 2.39 FRANCE 1.4 GERMANY 1.92 GREECE 0.4 IRELAND 1.7 ITALY 0.41 NETHERLANDS 1.99 SWEDEN 2.1 UNITED KINGDOM 1.94 PORTUGAL 1.13 SPAIN 1.34 126
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In collaboration with: F E M I S E
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Table of contents INTRODUCTION AND
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Introduction and summary In the pro
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that of the NMS, we would observe a
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accession to the EU. Instead, a num
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trade area (FTA). The Agadir Agreem
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liberalization has taken five years
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signed Europe Agreements, EFTA and
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used as industry organization varia
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The main goal of the project was to
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Chapter 1: Assessing trade liberali
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Agricultural Policy (CAP). Further
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Agreements concluded with the MPCs.
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n lnTijt = ∑ k= 1 β RTAijt + α1
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Preferential trade liberalization i
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the EU enlargement, the EFTA lost t
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The most important of these was the
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The Definitions of the Variables an
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Estimates for the whole CEE sample
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agreements is, however, mixed. Whil
Page 41 and 42:
The OLS estimates suggest that both
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Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Lith
Page 45 and 46:
Czech Slovak Republic Estonia Hunga
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products. The provisions of the Eur
Page 49 and 50:
foreseen to take effect in 2005. Ho
Page 51 and 52:
Similar to the AMU, the ACC was for
Page 53 and 54:
Unfortunately, the data on capital
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Table 2. The estimates for bilatera
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obust, while the dummy variable for
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Yi (partner) 0.944 1.009 2.267 1.96
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Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Agreements on the third countries a
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Chapter 2: Grossman-Helpman Model I
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N function (U ), given by: + ( ) u
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ti 1+ ti xi Ii −α i mi = ⋅ ,
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Probably the most extensive list of
Page 75 and 76: eginning of 1990. But the tariff st
Page 77 and 78: The non-preferential (MFN, conventi
Page 79 and 80: have important impact on political
Page 81 and 82: xi where ti is the tariff, ei is th
Page 83 and 84: We can recover the structural param
Page 85 and 86: Appendix Table 2 Estimation results
Page 87 and 88: Table 4 Estimation results using mo
Page 89 and 90: Testing Grossman-Helpman model for
Page 91 and 92: practice most importers do not pay
Page 93 and 94: countries were traditionally subjec
Page 95 and 96: point to notify the US government o
Page 97 and 98: and between 157% and 247% in 2004.
Page 99 and 100: policy reforms. On the other hand i
Page 101 and 102: Table 1 Estimation results for Isra
Page 103 and 104: 1995 0.00202 [2.04]** -0.00199 [2.0
Page 105 and 106: extended to disaggregation of burea
Page 107 and 108: The Importance of Corruption A subs
Page 109 and 110: transition countries. Sekkat and Ve
Page 111 and 112: society. In addition, they show tha
Page 113 and 114: Johnson, Kaufmann, McMillan, and Wo
Page 115 and 116: corruption. For example, upon grant
Page 117 and 118: and criminal prosecution. On the ot
Page 119 and 120: estimation are likely to be influen
Page 121 and 122: levels have been used to derive fur
Page 123 and 124: Union. In fact, the level of regula
Page 125: Table 2 List of the Commonly Raised
Page 129 and 130: SB_PR all procedures required to re
Page 131 and 132: AFGHANISTAN, ALBANIA, ALGERIA, ANGO
Page 133 and 134: Brunetti, Aymo; Kisunko, Gregory an
Page 135 and 136: Hines, J.R. (1995). Forbidden Payme
Page 137 and 138: PellegriniI, Lorenzo and Gerlagh, R
Page 139: World Bank (2005). Doing Business i
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