production of selected secondary metabolites in transformed ...

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2. Pandza K., Pfalzer G., Cullum J. and Hranueli D.: Physical mapping shows that the unstable oxytetracycline gene cluster of Streptomyces rimosus lies close to one end of the linear chromosome. Microbiology, p.1493-1501, 1997. 3. Bentley R.: Polyketides. Encyclopedia of life sciences, 2001. Sborník soutěže Studentské tvůrčí činnosti Student 2006 a doktorské soutěže O cenu děkana 2005 a 2006 Sekce DSP 2006, strana 200
THE SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE RECOGNITION OF REDUCING AND NONREDUCING NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATES BY MALDI-TOF MS Ing. Markéta Laštovičková a,b , 5. DSP Supervisor: RNDr. Josef Chmelík b a Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: lastovickova@iach.cz b Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 611 42 Brno, Czech Republic 1. INTRODUCTION The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can provide valuable information on several aspects of carbohydrate structural analysis, such as the determination of sequence, branching, and linkage. For the analyses of neutral oligosaccharides, more frequently the positive-ion MALDI-TOF mode has been performed. The negative-ion mode has been applied mainly in the analysis of charged carbohydrates that more simply form the deprotonated molecules ([M–H] – ) [1–4]. Inulin and maltooligosaccharides (MOSs) are the representatives of neutral carbohydrates. Inulin belongs to the fructan group. It is a nonreducing polysaccharide containing Dfructofuranosyl units linked by α–1–2 glycosidic bonds and ended with one glucose unit. MOSs are the linear glucose oligomers containing only 1–4 linkages. Glucose syrups are concentrated, aqueous solutions of reducing, low molecular mass oligosaccharides (containing 1–4 and 1–6 glycosidic bonds) obtained by hydrolysis of starch. These starch hydrolysates can be trespassed as the cheap sweeteners at the adulteration of food, e.g., fruit juices, therefore they are important for food industry [5]. This study demonstrates a great potential of the negative-ion mode MALDI-TOF MS for the characterization of underivatized neutral oligosaccharides. 2. EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATION OF NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATES STANDARD SAMPLES: Inulin from Dahlia tubers Mw 5000 (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) and MOSs G4-G10 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were prepared at concentrations of 1 mg/mL in deionized water. EXTRACTION OF NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATES FROM REAL SAMPLES: Red onion and Jerusalem artichokes were acquired from a private producer from the Czech Republic. A procedure for the carbohydrate extraction from fresh samples was described previously [4, 6] Low glucose syrup (LGS) from 80% wheat starch (w/v), obtained from Amylon Co. (Havlickuv Brod, Czech Republic), was used at a concentration of 4 mg/mL in deionized water. MALDI-TOF MS: The reflectron negative-ion mode experiments were performed with an Applied Biosystems 4700 Proteomics Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Framingham, MA) utilizing a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm). The optimal laser power was selected from the relative scale 0-8800. 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP; 100 mg/ml acetone) was used as a matrix. Sborník soutěže Studentské tvůrčí činnosti Student 2006 a doktorské soutěže O cenu děkana 2005 a 2006 Sekce DSP 2006, strana 201
Page 1 and 2: PRODUCTION OF SELECTED SECONDARY ME
Page 3: containing ampicillin, IPTG and x-g
Page 7 and 8: Figure 1 Negative-ion mode MALDI-TO
Page 9 and 10: Table 1 Evaluation of negative-ion
Page 11 and 12: Fig. 1: Scheme of the hydride gener
Page 13 and 14: [4] H. Matusiewicz, M. Kopras, J. A
Page 15 and 16: - are hypotriglyceridemic; - exhibi
Page 17 and 18: HYDROPHOBIZED SODIUM HYALURONATE IN
Page 19 and 20: spectrophotometer (AMINCO-Bowman, S
Page 21 and 22: Hyaluronate derivatives showed with
Page 23 and 24: copolymers were additionally functi
Page 25 and 26: Each micelle has a hydrophobic core
Page 27 and 28: STUDY OF THE COPPER(II) IONS NON-ST
Page 29 and 30: CuSO4, Cu(ClO4)2 and Cu2P2O7 of the
Page 31 and 32: total flux [mol.m -2 ] 0.7 0.65 0.6
Page 33 and 34: number of free radicals is very low
Page 35 and 36: Differences can be caused by severa
Page 37 and 38: MEASUREMENT OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROPE
Page 39 and 40: The typical time responses of tempe
Page 41 and 42: Figure 4 illustrates the typical de
Page 43 and 44: sodium sulphate and filtered to a 5
Page 45 and 46: Compare all tested evening primrose
Page 47 and 48: IMPROVED FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION
Page 49 and 50: Al F i 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Page 51 and 52: F i 60 50 40 30 20 10 Data UCL LCL
Page 53 and 54: PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PAINT
Page 55 and 56:
Finally, the solubility parameter o
Page 57 and 58:
Study of the influence of different
Page 59 and 60:
Fig.1: Chemical structures of pI ma
Page 61 and 62:
Identification of pI markers - Firs
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