2. ENVIRONMENTAL ChEMISTRy & TEChNOLOGy 2.1. Lectures

Chem. Listy, 102, s265–s1311 (2008) Environmental Chemistry & Technology
The detection limits were expressed according to UPAC 5 .
For 75 As was the limit of detection 0.05–0.08 μg dm –3 ,
for 82 Se 0.04–0.03 μg dm –3 , 121 Sb 0.03–0.01 μg dm –3 ,
125 Te 0.3–0.02 μg dm –3 and for 205 Tl 0.005–0.2 μg dm –3 .
The evaluation of the contents of microelements resulted
form spikes 1, 3 and 5 μg dm –3 in solutions containing 0.5%
HnO 3 . The proper contents of the microelements in the sea
and mine waters resulted from the corrected calibration plot
by the standard addition method since their contents is higher
than the detection limit of these elements.
For the drinking, surface and mineral waters, the evaluation
was realized directly from the spikes, comparing the
corrected regression equation of the calibration plot. This
was because the amounts of microelements were below their
detection limit.
Selected internal standards 72 Ge for 75 As in the He mode
and 82 Se in the normal mode and 209 Bi for the remaining elements,
measured in normal mode were always used during
evaluation. The confidence intervals according to Dean and
Dixon statistics 6 for triplicate analyses were used.
Table I
Evaluation of results from 1, 3 and 5 μg dm –3 spikes used
Drinking water Surface water Mineral water
205 Tl 1.004 ± 0.005 3.006 ± 0.010 5.004 ± 0.009
125 Te 1.003 ± 0.004 3.004 ± 0.009 5.005 ± 0.012
121 Sb 1.003 ± 0.004 3.003 ± 0.008 5.003 ± 0.009
82 Se 1.003 ± 0.002 3.004 ± 0.006 5.004 ± 0.007
75 As 1.001 ± 0.003 3.001 ± 0.005 5.001 ± 0.004
Conclusions
75 As, 82 Se, 121 Sb, 125 Te and 205 Tl were determined in the
concentration range ≤ 1,000 μg dm –3 in solution with 0.5%
HnO 3 in the absence and presence of internal standards 72 Ge
for 75 As in the Helium mode, 72 Ge for 82 Se in the normal
mode and 209 Bi for 121 Sb, 125 Te and 205 Tl when the normal
mode was used. 100 μg dm –3 of the microelement can
s496
Table II
Evaluation of results by the method of standard deviation in
the sea and mine water a
Sea water Mine water
205 Tl 0.017 ± 0.025 0.811 ± 0.036
125 Te 0.022 ± 0.019 0.421 ± 0.032
121 Sb 0.020 ± 0.013 0.229 ± 0.029
82 Se 0.054 ± 0.015 1.012 ± 0.014
75 As 0.020 ± 0.033 0.537 ± 0.041
a Five-points calibration plots used
be determined in the presence of 50 mg dm –3 of Ca, Mg, Al,
Fe(III) with 15–20% error but in the presence of 200 mg dm –3
of na, K with 10% error only. In the presence of 250 mg
of a multicomponent sample with 100 μg dm –3 of studied
elements the signal decrease. The error was decreased in the
presence of 100 μg dm –3 of internal standard.
For water samples the standard addition method was
used for sea and mine water only to evaluate the microelements
because the concentration of microelements exceeds
the practical detection limits from the IUPAC recommendation.
For surface and potable waters with the amounts
of microelements below the detection limit three spikes were
directly evaluated in triplicate according to Dean and Dixon
statistics in the presence of internal standards.
REFEREnCES
1. Vercruysse A (ed.): Hazardous Metals in Human Toxikology
Part B, Techniques and Instrumentatiton in analytical
Chemistry, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam 1984.
2. Das A. K., Chakraborty R., Cervera M. L., De la Guardia
M., Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 385, 665 (2006).
3. Bayes Ch. F., Messner R. E.: The Hydrolysis of Cations,
Wiley, n. York 1976.
4. Balaram V.: Atom. Spectroscopy 14, 174 (1993).
5. Currie L. A.: Pure Appl. Chem 67, 1699 (1995).
6. Dean R. B., Dixon W. J.: Anal. Chem 23, 636 (1951).