2. ENVIRONMENTAL ChEMISTRy & TEChNOLOGy 2.1. Lectures

Chem. Listy, 102, s265–s1311 (2008) Environmental Chemistry & Technology
Czechoslovak Republic. Local authorities at all levels were
responsible for provision of tasks and needs of CD. Between
1976 and 1989 CD followed directives of the State Defense
Council.
In June 1991 the State Defense Council approved the
Conception of Civil Defense in the Czech and Slovak Federative
Republic reflecting trends of CD development abroad
with the aim to focus on protection of population against
non-military emergency events. For the first time in the
Czechoslovak history clear differentiation of functions and
tasks of CD in times of peace and during military alerts was
expressed.
Substantial changes were implemented after division
of the federal state into two independent ones and after the
establishment of the Czech Republic on January 1, 1993. Effective
that day the operation of the former Federal CD staff
was transferred to the Staff of Civil Defense of the Czech
Republic. On March 17, 1993 the Resolution of the Government
of the Czech Republic no. 126/1993 Coll. on the state
of civil protection in the Czech Republic, its structure and
material needs ensurance was passed. The government states
there that the formation of the new civil protection system
(referred to as CP) will be realized together with the new conception
of the Army of the Czech Republic with full respect to
the Protocols Additional I and II to the Geneva Conventions.
On September 1, 1993 the Central Body for Civil Protection
of the Czech Republic was established by the directive of
then minister of defense. The body became an authority of
the Ministry of Defense responsible for execution of state
administration in CP affairs and at the same time it replaced
the Staff of Civil Protection of the Czech Republic.
In 1997 the Government of the Czech Republic confirmed
the resolution no. 710/1997 Coll. transferring the
authority to execute state administration on CP from the
Ministry of Defense to the Ministry of Interior and set the effective
date on January 1, 2000 in the resolution no. 53/1999
Coll. In the new organization structure the Central Body
for Civil Protection of the Czech Republic and regional CP
bodies were united with the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech
Republic (referred to as FRS). This way the activities of CP
of the Czech Republic as an institution was terminated and
the General Directorate of FRS of the Ministry of Interior
became central authority entrusted with civil protection.
Effective Legislation Focused on Ensurance of Civil
Protection
The government of the Czech Republic approved the
Conception of Civil Protection until 2006 with the Prospect
to 2015 (referred to as conception 2006) in its resolution no.
417/2002. The conception solves protection of civilians systematically.
The government obliged ministers and heads of
other authorities, governors and city mayors of Prague, Brno,
Ostrava and Plzeň to implement fully the measures comprised
in the above conception 2006 that emphasizes responsibility
of ministries, central state authorities, local authorities,
persons and physical persons for CP specified by laws. The
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conception was revised by the resolution of the Czech government
no. 21/2005 Coll.
In the above conception 2006 civil protection was
characterized as a system of activities and procedures, subject
related authorities, other subjects and individual citizens
resulting in minimization of impacts of emergencies on lives
and health of inhabitants, on possessions and environment.
At the beginning of 2008 (on February 25) the Government
of the Czech Republic passed the resolution no. 165
“On Evaluation of the State of Implementation of the Conception
of Civil Protection until 2006 with the Prospect to
2015 and on the Conception of Civil Protection until 2013
with the Prospect to 2020” giving more details on CP in the
Czech Republic. This resolution contains 25 pages of specialized
text from the field of CP and the Schedule of Implementation
of Provisions on CP until 2013 with the Prospect to
2020 (referred to as conception 2013 and schedule). Inspite
of the attempt to design the conception 2013 and schedule
from the contemporary point of view it is necessary to point
at inconsistent solutions of some problems concerned.
Civil protection represents an extremely important aspect
of life of modern society. The supreme legislative regulation
of the Czech Republic, the Constitution, ensures protection of
lives, health, possessions of Czech citizens and protection of
environment. Similarly to other developed European countries
the security-political situation in the Czech Republic has
been re-evaluated during the last decade of the 20 th century.
As the result of substantial political changes at the beginning
of 90-ties military threat in Europe and global war conflict
became less probable. Attention was focused on non-military
risks important from the point of view of individual countries
and security of their citizens.
Regarding the importance of civil protection its problems
should be specified and expressed in a special law.
Possible content and extent of the suggested law on civil pro-
tection follows:
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Introductory provisions
Definitions and basic terms
General provisions
Emergency events and crisis states
Basic organization and technical measures for civil protection
Protection of citizens against impacts and effects of
emergency events and crisis states
Preparedness of citizens for emergency events and crisis
states
Execution of state administration in the field of civil protection
Effectiveness of the act
Besides the above mentioned legislative regulation a
project “Who is Who in Civil Protection” should be implemented.
Authors and proposers will appreciate inspiring and
constructive ideas and comments concerning the project.