The Roman and Byzantine Graves and Human Remains

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©2012 The American School of Classical Studies at Athens Personal use only. Do not distribute. xii Contents 4. Funerary ritual, mortuary variability, and soCiety 153 greeK Funerary ritual during the roman and byzantine eras 159 mortuary Form and variability 163 rituals beFore burial 164 seleCtion, aCquisition, and PreParation oF a site For burial 167 multiPle burial 169 grave design and tyPology 172 burial orientation 181 CorPoreal Position 183 Funerary assemblage 187 seCondary burial 199 human disturbanCe oF graves 202 soCial struCture and ideology 206 age 207 sex and gender 210 vertiCal Position 213 horizontal Position 218 Christian ideology 222 soCial and ideologiCal devianCy 230 Part ii: the osteologiCal and bioarChaeologiCal Context oF the human remains 5. the Condition and ComPosition oF the human remains 235 the Condition oF the sKeletal assemblage 238 osteologiCal methodology 247 determination oF sex 248 estimation oF age at death 249 measurement oF bones 253 observation oF nonmetriC traits 254 the ComPosition oF the sKeletal samPle 258 PaleodemograPhy 259 PhysiCal aPPearanCe and diversity 265 groWth and stature 282 nonmetriC variability 286 6. teeth and oral health 293 diet and oral hygiene 293 Conditions oF the teeth and alveolar struCtures 296 variation in dental Form, loCation, and number 298 enamel hyPoPlasia 306 dental Wear 313 dental trauma 319 Plaque and CalCulus 324 dental Caries 326 alveolar deFeCts and amtl 334 summary oF loCal dental Conditions 349 oral health in the greeK World during roman and byzantine times 351
©2012 The American School of Classical Studies at Athens Personal use only. Do not distribute. 7. PaleoPathology and PaleoePidemiology 367 Catalogue oF Conditions 368 the PaleoePidemiology oF the sKeletal samPle 405 Congenital anomalies 406 hematologiCal disorders 409 inFeCtious disease 413 Joint disease 415 trauma 429 neoPlasia 436 summary oF loCal PaleoPathologiCal Conditions 437 disease and inJury in the greeK World during roman and byzantine times 441 8. liFe and death at the isthmus betWeen rome and byzantium 457 aPPendix: metriC and nonmetriC traits in the sKeletal samPle 469 indexes Contents general index 481 index oF burial sites and regions 497 index oF lots Cited 503 index oF obJeCts Cited 505 index oF anCient, byzantine, and eastern sourCes 507 index oF insCriPtions 511 xiii
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The Roman and Byzantine Graves and Human Remains

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