Dermatologic Differential Diagnosis.pdf. - Famona Site

360 A CLINICIAN’S GUIDE TO DERMATOLOGIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, VOLUME 1
Tourniquet injury (hair) – penile gangrene Rook p.3194, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Traumatic disruption of arterial wall Rook p.2231, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Trench foot, immersion foot – superficial gangrene Rook p.959,
1998, Sixth Edition
VASCULAR
Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy – purpura in cockade
pattern of face, cheeks, eyelids, and ears; may form reticulate
pattern; edema of penis and scrotum JAAD 23:347–350,
1990; necrotic lesions of the ears, urticarial lesions; oral
petechiae JAAD 23:347–350, 1990; Ann Pediatr 22:599–606,
1975; edema of limbs and face Cutis 68:127–129, 2001;
AD 133:1500–1501, 1997
ANCA-associated vasculitis with acquired protein S deficiency
Throm Haemost 84:929–930, 2000
Aneurysm – dissecting aneurysm, thrombosed aneurysm
Rook p.2231, 1998, Sixth Edition
Angiopericytomatosis (angiomatosis with cryoproteins) – painful
red papules and ulcerated plaques acrally; necrotic plaques
JAAD 49:887–896, 2003
Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia – fingertip necrosis
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Arteriovenous fistulae – fingertip necrosis; vascular steal
syndrome in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulae
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002; Rook p.2731, 1998, Sixth Edition
Atherosclerosis – ischemic necrosis, gangrene; leg ulcers with
small areas of necrosis along margin AD 138:1296–1298, 2002;
Rook p.2231,2265, 1998, Sixth Edition
Atrophie blanche AD 119:963–969, 1983
Benign (reactive) angioendotheliomatosis – red–brown or
violaceous nodules or plaques with small areas of necrosis
JAAD 38:143–175, 1998
Churg–Strauss disease AD 139:715–718, 2003; JAAD
47:209–216, 2002; necrotic purpura of scalp Ann DV
122:94–96, 1995; umbilicated nodules with central necrosis of
elbows and knees (papulonecrotic lesions) JAAD 48:311–340,
2003; BJD 127:199–204, 1992; skin infarcts BJD 150:598–600,
2004; Mayo Clinic Proc 52:477–484, 1977
Embolism, septic NEJM 352:700–707, 2005
Degos’ disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) BJD 100:21–36,
1979; Ann DV 79:410–417, 1954
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) – intravascular
coagulation necrosis JAAD 25:882–888, 1991; peripheral
symmetric gangrene AD 137:139–140, 2001
Emboli – tumor; intravascular coagulation necrosis; cholesterol
emboli BJD 146:511–517, 2002; Medicine 74:350–358, 1995;
JAAD 25:882–888, 1991; Angiology 38:769–784, 1987;
AD 122:1194–1198, 1986; Angiology 37:471–476, 1986
Erythromelalgia – associated with thrombocythemia – may affect
one finger or toe; ischemic necrosis JAAD 22:107–111, 1990
Giant cell arteritis – lip necrosis J Oral Maxillofac Surg
51:581–583, 1993; tongue necrosis Rook p.3120, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Glomeruloid angioendotheliomatosis – red purpuric patches
and acral necrosis – associated with cold agglutinins JAAD
49:887–896, 2003
Hemangioma (proliferating hemangioma) – focal necrosis
Henoch–Schönlein purpura Ped Derm 15:357–359, 1998; Ped
Derm 12:314–317, 1995; Am J Dis Child 99:833–854, 1960; in
the adult AD 125:53–56, 1989
Heterozygous factor V Leiden deficiency BJD 143:1302–1305,
2000
Hypertensive ulcer (Martorell’s ulcer) – starts as area of
cyanosis with progression to ulcer of lower lateral leg with livedo
at edges Phlebology 3:139–142, 1988
Hypotension
Intravascular thrombosis – DIC (meningococcemia, Rocky
Mountain spotted fever, fungal, parasitic (Strongyloides)),
atheroemboli, fat emboli, calciphylaxis, coumarin necrosis,
protein C or S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, purpura
fulminans, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombotic
vasculitis (LE), cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens, oxalosis
Ischemic venous thrombosis (phlegmasia cerulia dolens)
(venous gangrene) JAAD 28:831–835, 1993; AD 123:933–936,
1987
Juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum Rook p.3199,
1998, Sixth Edition
Kasabach–Merritt syndrome
Livedoid vasculopathy NEJM 352:700–707, 2005
Neonatal gangrene – secondary to umbilical arterial
catheterizations, polycythemia, prematurity BJD 150:357–363,
2004
Perinatal gangrene of the buttock, scrotum, and prepuce
AD 121:23–24, 1985
Polyarteritis nodosa – livedoid necrosis NEJM 352:700–707,
2005; peripheral embolization of thrombi with necrosis of
fingers or toes Rook p.2212, 1998, Sixth Edition; cutaneous –
peripheral gangrene Ped Derm 15:103–107, 1998; Ann Rheum
Dis 54:134–136, 1995; JAAD 31:54–56, 1994
Purpura fulminans Semin Thromb Hemost 16:333–340, 1990;
neonatal AD 123:1701a–1706a, 1987; neonatal purpura
fulminans – ecchymoses of limbs at sites of pressure in first day
of life; enlarge rapidly, hemorrhagic bullae with central necrosis;
homozygous protein C or protein S deficiency Semin Thromb
Hemost 16:299–309, 1990
Pustular vasculitis – annular pustular plaques with central
necrosis Rook p.2167, 1998, Sixth Edition
Radial artery removal for coronary bypass grafting
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Reactive angioendotheliomatosis – red purple-purpuric patches
and plaques with necrotic ulcers; includes acroangiomatosis,
diffuse dermal angiomatosis, intravascular histiocytosis,
glomeruloid angioendotheliomatosis, angiopericytomatosis
(angiomatosis with luminal cryoprotein deposition), reactive
angiomatosis-like reactive angioendotheliomatosis; associated
with subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, cholesterol
emboli, cryoglobulinemia, arteriovenous shunt, antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
monoclonal gammopathy, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid
arthritis, severe peripheral vascular disease, arteriovenous
fistulae JAAD 49:887–896, 2003; BJD 147:137–140, 2002;
JAAD 42:903–906, 2000
Recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic necrotizing vasculitis –
papules, purpura, necrosis Acta DV 80:394–395, 2000
Sickle-cell infarct – thrombotic vasculitis
Small vessel occlusive arterial disease – diabetes
NEJM 352:700–707, 2005
Subacute bacterial endocarditis with vasculitis
Symmetric peripheral gangrene Cutis 46:53–55, 1990
Primary arterial disease – polyarteritis nodosa, SLE,
rheumatoid arthritis, arteriosclerosis obliterans,
thromboangiitis obliterans