SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE
99
Fig. 55. Lower surfaces of feet and hands of Austrochaperina. A. A. derongo, AMNH A79975. B.
A. guttata, MCZ A92812. C. A. archboldi, AMNH A66719. D. A. hooglandi, AMNH A77592. E. A.
adamantina, AMNH A78185. F. A. aquilonia, AMNH A78186. Scale bars marked in 1-mm intervals.
(berdmorei, pulchra, ornata) and two without
(heymonsi and butleri). All five are characterized
in the literature as ‘‘tympanum hidden.’’
ONTOGENETIC CHANGE IN
PROPORTIONS
As mentioned in the introductory section
on Methods, body proportions typically
change with growth. I present here some examples
from species treated in this monograph,
using nine standard measurements. I
have chosen five species, with the choice
having been determined by availability of
samples of adequate size and range of body
sizes and by their different ecologies: (1)
Oxydactyla stenodactyla, a high montane
burrower in grass clumps; (2) Austrochaperina
derongo, a streamside-associated species;
(3) Sphenophryne cornuta, a scansorial
form that calls from shrubs and low trees; (4)
Liophryne schlaginhaufeni, a terrestrial, surface-active
species sometimes out in daytime;
and (5) Austrochaperina palmipes, a
more highly adapted semiaquatic species.
Relative tibia length generally decreases
slightly with growth (that of O. stenodactyla
the most), but L. schlaginhaufeni goes counter
to this trend (fig. 61A). Adult head width
is relatively narrower in all but schlaginhaufeni,
too (fig. 61B), and the same trend appears
in eye size and eye–naris distance (fig.
61C). Internarial span decreases in all five
species (fig. 61D). Hand size increases in
three species and decreases in two, whereas
foot length increases in two and decreases in
three (fig. 62A, B). Among the four species
with digital discs, three show some increase
in the finger disc whereas derongo does not
(fig. 62C). One species, cornuta, shows a
slight increase in toe disc size whereas the
other three do not (fig. 62D).