SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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84 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 42. Distribution of Austrochaperina brevipes (circles) and Oxydactyla crassa (triangle) in Papua New Guinea. fingertips (much more disclike in brevipes), leg length (longer in brevipes), and dorsal rugosity (greater in crassa). See account of O. coggeri for a comparison with that similar but geographically remote species. HABITAT AND HABITS: Brass (1956: 110) called the vegetation at the type locality ‘‘mossy forest’’ and provided a detailed description and photograph (pl. 16, fig. 1). He stated that ‘‘several specimens were uncovered from under about 10 cm. of loose, somewhat peaty humus in raspberry tangles bordering the forest.’’ DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only from high elevations (2050–2230 m) on Mt. Dayman, whose highest point is on the border between Milne Bay and Central provinces in the southeastern tail of New Guinea (fig. 42). Mt. Suckling, Mt. Dayman and Mt. Simpson form the core of a highland region somewhat distinct from the main mass of the Owen Stanley Mountains, and O. crassa may prove to be restricted to this area. LOCALITY RECORDS AND SPECIMENS EXAM- INED: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Milne Bay Prov.: north slope of Mt. Dayman, 2230 m (AMNH A56803 [holotype], A56805, A56865, A57424, A57425, A57441–57443 [paratypes]; BMNH 1956.1.1.18 [paratype]; MCZ A28495 [paratype]); Betamin, Mt. Dayman, 2050 m (PNGM 20888 [2 specimens]). REMARKS: Tape recordings of this form made by James Menzies that provide good evidence of its specific status were particularly welcome in view of the somewhat equivocal nature of the morphological characters. Oxydactyla stenodactyla, new species Figures 43, 44 Sphenophryne brevicrus: Loveridge, 1948: 422. HOLOTYPE: AMNH A66047, collected by Hobart M. Van Deusen on the Sixth Archbold Expedition, June 21, 1959, at Piunde- Aunde Lakes, Mt. Wilhelm, 3570 m, Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea. PARATYPES (all from Papua New Guinea): Simbu Prov.: AMNH A66040–66046, A66048–66054, A92799–92801 (C&S), A92802, A135269, A135271–135310, A135313–135333, collected by the Sixth Archbold Expedition at the type locality, June 13–28, 1959; AMNH A78909, collected by L. K. Wade at the type locality, June 5, 1966; AMS R68908–R68924, collected on Mt. Wilhelm by J. Hope; BPBM 5302, collected by G. A. Samuelson, June 12, 1967, and 13430–13033, collected by R. C. A. Rice, Sept. 22, 1968, at the type locality; MCZ A64308, 64310–64336, 64338, collected by Fred Parker, June 10, 1967, and MCZ A111896–111900, 111967–111977, collected by Fred Parker at the type locality; RMNH 16765, 16766, 16769, 16671–16678, collected by M.M.J. van Balgooy, May 5, and June 4, 1965, at the type locality; BPBM 1049, collected by J. L. Gressitt, June 3, 1955, at Denglagu, Mt. Wilhelm, 2500 m; BPBM 2898, 2899, collected by J. Sedlacek, July 3, 1963, on Mt. Wilhelm, 3800 m;
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 85 Fig. 43. Oxydactyla stenodactyla, MCZ F21761 (specimen not located) from Mt. Otto, Eastern Highlands Prov., Papua New Guinea. Fred Parker photo. BPBM 5353, collected by J. L. Gressitt, Aug. 2, 1969, on Mt. Wilhelm, 4000 m; MCZ A25920–25929 3 untagged specimens, collected by P. J. Darlington in 1944 on Mt. Wilhelm, 3050–3660 m; MCZ A64296, collected by Fred Parker, June 10, 1967, on Mt. Wilhelm, 2900–3050 m; RMNH 16763, 16768, collected by M.M.J. van Balgooy, June 15 and Apr. 21, 1965, at Kombugomambuno, 3300 m, Mt. Wilhelm; RMNH 16762, collected by M.M.J. van Balgooy, June 14, 1965, south of Lake Aunde, 3900 m, Mt. Wilhelm; RMNH 16770, collected by M.M.J. van Balgooy, Apr. 26, 1965, northeast of Lake Aunde, 3600 m; MCZ A111932, 111933, collected by Fred Parker, Nov. 13, 1965, on the southwest slope of Mt. Kerigomna, 2900 m. Eastern Highlands Prov.: AMNH A76580–76581, A76587– 76589, A137304–A137307 (137306 C&S), MCZ A53083–53095, 53097, A111934– 111966, and SAMA R6582, R16629, collected by Fred Parker, July 25, 1964, and Oct. 11, 1965, on Mt. Otto, 3540 m. Western Highlands Prov.: AMNH A65276–65280, A65302, collected on the Spalding-Peterson Expedition, Aug. 6, 1959, on Mt. Pollam, Wahgi Dividing Range, 2740 and 2490 m. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name derives from the Greek stenos (narrow) and dactylos (digit), and is used as an adjective. DIAGNOSIS: Oxydactyla stenodactyla differs from other Oxydactyla except alpestris in that the toe tips are narrow, not widened or flattened, and lack terminal grooves. The larger eye size of alpestris (mean EY/SVL 0.33) will alone properly segregate most alpestris from stenodactyla (mean EY/SVL 0.30), and combining the greater leg length of alpestris along with eye size (fig. 46) affords nearly complete separation. DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Adult female (gravid) with the following measurements and proportions: SVL 30.4, HW 10.6, TL 9.2, EY 2.9, EN 1.6, IN 2.5, HD 6.2, FT 10.2, TY 1.6; HW/SVL 0.349, TL/SVL 0.303, EY/SVL 0.095, EN/SVL 0.053, IN/ SVL 0.082, EN/IN 0.640, HD/SVL 0.204, FT/SVL 0.336. Head narrower than rotund, short-legged body. Snout rounded as seen from above and laterally, scarcely projecting; nostrils easily visible from above, about equidistant from eye and tip of snout; loreal region a flat, gentle slope, canthus rostralis rounded, barely distinguished. Eyes relatively small, corneal outline just visible from beneath if eyes fully protruded, eyelid about 75% of interorbital span. Tympanum small, well separated from eye, tympanic annulus barely visible. Relative lengths of fingers 3 4 2 1, first more than half length of second; tips rounded, not disclike, no terminal grooves; subarticular and metacarpal elevations scarcely evident. Toes not webbed, relative lengths 4 3 5 2 1, first less than half length of second, tips rounded, not disclike, no terminal grooves; subarticular and inner metatarsal elevations scarcely evident. A postocular skin fold curving downward behind tympanum, becoming indistinct at foreleg insertion; skin otherwise smooth dorsally and ventrally. All dorsal surfaces are mottled in two shades of brown, with small areas of paler ground color occasionally showing through. The ventral surfaces are pale yellow-brown with a few indistinct marks on the lower lip and scattered dark spots on the abdomen. The posterior of the thigh is largely pale, with a few dark spots. VARIATION IN TYPE SERIES: Body proportions of adult frogs in three samples are in table 10 and regression data for the two principal samples in table 11. The largest male stenodactyla measures 30.8 mm and the largest female 31.9 mm. Judged from the presence vocal slits, males mature at about 22– 23 mm. Females 25–26 mm and larger are
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