56 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 30. Distribution <strong>of</strong> Austrochaperina novaebritanniae on New Britain (circles) and A. yelaensis (triangle) on Yela (Rossel) Island. ger assigned to the new genus, L. rhododactyla and L. brevipes. Parker (1934: 152) stated ‘‘Type species Liophryne rhododactyla,’’ which constitutes a valid subsequent designation (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985: Art. 69(a)(iv)). Sphenophryne: Parker, 1934: 152. CONTENT: Six species: Liophryne allisoni, new species; Liophryne dentata (Tyler and Menzies); Liophryne similis, new species; Liophryne rhododactyla Boulenger; Liophryne rubra, new species; Liophryne schlaginhaufeni (Wandolleck). DIAGNOSIS: A genus <strong>of</strong> genyophrynine microhylid frogs (sensu Zweifel, 1971 and Burton, 1986) with the following combination <strong>of</strong> morphological characters: clavicles long and slender, reaching from scapula almost to midline <strong>of</strong> pectoral girdle; fingers and especially toes with relatively prominent (rather than low), rounded subarticular elevations; tips <strong>of</strong> fingers and toes expanded into small discs with terminal grooves, those <strong>of</strong> fingers narrower than <strong>of</strong> toes; span <strong>of</strong> Tshaped tip <strong>of</strong> terminal phalanx <strong>of</strong> third finger not or scarcely wider than base <strong>of</strong> phalanx; legs long, minimum mean TL/SVL (0.488) and minimum mean FT/SVL (0.488) greater than means <strong>of</strong> any other genyophrynine species with the primitive pectoral girdle. MORPHOLOGY: The species <strong>of</strong> Liophryne present a spectrum <strong>of</strong> sizes, from adult males <strong>of</strong> allisoni as small as 20 mm SVL to a female record size <strong>of</strong> 60 mm in rhododactyla, the largest size attained by any genyophrynine microhylid. Species <strong>of</strong> Liophryne are rather broad-headed frogs, including the two highest and six <strong>of</strong> the nine highest mean HW/SVL ratios <strong>of</strong> all genyophrynines considered herein. The vast majority <strong>of</strong> genyophrynine frogs show scarcely any development <strong>of</strong> subarticular elevations, being usually low, rounded ones at best. The species I assign to Liophryne agree in having discrete subarticular structures and also share, on the average, the relatively longest legs (as measured by the TL/SVL and FT/SVL ratios) <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> the species with the primitive pectoral girdle. The finger and toe discs are small, neither reduced or absent as in Oxydactyla nor enlarged as in Sphenophryne and many Austrochaperina. In three species, rhododactyla (and probably also similis), dentata, and schlaginhaufeni, the medial plate <strong>of</strong> the vomer is large and the lateral arm relatively thick (fig. 65F–H), possibly an indication <strong>of</strong> close relationship, though the vomer <strong>of</strong> allisoni is somewhat more delicately formed (fig. 65E). Five species, excepting allisoni, have a relatively large and distinct ear. For body proportions, see table 6; regression statistics are in table 7. DISTRIBUTION: Found throughout much <strong>of</strong> New Guinea, from near sea level to 2700 m and from Timeka in western Irian Jaya to Milne Bay at the eastern tip <strong>of</strong> Papua New Guinea, but not known from any satellite islands. REMARKS: Advertisement calls are diverse—single and unpulsed in rhododactyla, trains <strong>of</strong> unpulsed notes in allisoni and similis, a train <strong>of</strong> pulsed notes in schlaginhaufeni, and a long variable train <strong>of</strong> pulsed notes in dentata. The call <strong>of</strong> one species, rubra, is unknown. KEY TO LIOPHRYNE 1. Adults 30 mm SVL, ear obscure . . allisoni Adults 30 mm SVL, ear distinct ...... 2 2. Adults 45mmSVL ................ 3 Adults 45mmSVL ................ 5
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF <strong>SPHENOPHRYNE</strong> 57 Fig. 31. Examples <strong>of</strong> Austrochaperina, Liophryne, and Sphenophryne. A. S. cornuta, AMNH A130544, adult. B. A. brevipes, AMNH A130534, SVL 21.9 mm. C. A. guttata, QM J67256, SVL 43.2 mm. D. A. macrorhyncha, MZB 3564, SVL 36.8 mm. E. A. rivularis, holotype, AMNH A130551, SVL 49.0 mm. F. A. palmipes, AMNH A130550, adult. G. L. similis, AMNH A130564, SVL 40.0 mm. H. A. derongo, MZB 3563, SVL 36.7 mm. Photos C, D, and H by S. Richards.
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