SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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14 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 and paratype localities, about 3 km apart in the Torricelli Mountains of north-coastal Papua New Guinea (fig. 7). Austrochaperina archboldi, new species Figure 6 HOLOTYPE: AMNH A66719, collected at Arau, Kratke Mountains, 1400 m, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, October 14–24, 1959 by Hobart M. Van Deusen on the Sixth Archbold Expedition. PARATYPES: AMNH A66720–66734, bearing the same data as the holotype. ETYMOLOGY: The patronymic honors Richard Archbold, sponsor and early leader of a series of seven expeditions to New Guinea (1933–1964) that contributed immeasurably to knowledge of the biota of that island. Profitable mining of the collections for material of value to systematic biology will doubtless continue for decades. DIAGNOSIS: AnAustrochaperina of moderate size (males to 35, females to 38 mm SVL) with relatively wide internarial spacing (IN/SVL 0.103), large eyes (EY/SVL 0.105), and a dorsal pattern of tiny irregular brown markings on a paler background. DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Adult male (vocal slits present) with the following measurements and proportions: SVL 34.7, HW 13.8, TL 16.0, EY 3.7, EN 2.5, IN 3.9, HD 8.0, FT 15.6, disc of third finger 1.1 (penultimate phalanx 0.8), disc of fourth toe 1.6 (0.8); HW/SVL 0.398, TL/SVL 0.461, EY/ SVL 0.107, IN/SVL 0.112, EN/SVL 0.072, EN/IN 0.641, HD/SVL 0.231, FT/SVL 0.450, FD/SVL 0.032, TD/SVL 0.046. Head slightly narrower than body; snout bluntly rounded seen from above, rounded and slightly projecting in lateral view; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region steeply sloping, shallowly concave; nostrils a little closer to end of snout than to eye, just visible from above. Eyelid narrower than interorbital space (2.4 vs. 3.5 mm); tympanum scarcely distinguishable externally, about 1.6 mm horizontal diameter. Relative lengths of fingers 3 4 2 1, the first relatively long, when appressed extending past subarticular elevation of second; all fingers with grooved terminal discs slightly broader than penultimate phalanges, disc of third finger about 1.4 as Fig. 6. Paratype of Austrochaperina archboldi, AMNH A66723, SVL 38.4 mm. broad as penultimate phalanx; subarticular and metacarpal tubercles low, rounded, indistinct. Toes unwebbed, relative lengths 4 3 5 2 1, the first less than half length of appressed second; well-developed terminal discs on all toes, that of the fourth broadest and almost 1.5 as broad as that of third finger; subarticular elevations low, rounded, indistinct; inner metatarsal elevation (no outer) low, rounded, elongate. Dorsal and ventral skin surfaces smooth, a very weak postocular-supratympanic fold. The dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs are pale brown with tiny, irregular, darker brown spots, less numerous on the limbs. The loreal region is slightly darker and unspotted, with the tip of the snout being a little paler than the top of the head. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the thighs are tan; the posterior has a few small, dark spots, and the anterior is slightly more heavily mottled. The throat is mottled dark and light brown, with the pattern changing on the chest to dark with lighter spots. On the sides of the body, where the light brown ground color of the dorsum pales into the abdominal
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 15 ground color, the dorsal spotting overlaps and appears more distinct. Otherwise, the abdomen and undersides of the thighs are pale and unmarked; the undersurfaces of more distal limb segments are obscurely mottled, with soles and palms darker brown. VARIATION IN TYPE SERIES: Means and ranges of selected proportions are in table 2, and regression statistics are in table 3. The largest specimen is a female 38.4 mm SVL with ova 2 mm in diameter; another adult female is 36.9 mm, and one possibly just maturing is 33.4 mm. Three adult males measure 34.7–35.1 mm, and the largest immature is 29.8 mm. The larger specimens of the paratype series closely resemble the holotype in color and pattern. The chin and chest may appear either more spotted or more mottled, probably a metachromatic effect, and a mottled pattern may be present on the underside of the thigh. Three juveniles of 16–19 mm SVL lack the dorsal spotting characteristic of larger specimens. Three adult males have the snout tip slightly paler than the top of the snout, whereas in two juveniles the tip is undifferentiated. ILLUSTRATIONS: Hand and foot, fig. 55C. CALL: The call has not been described. COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SPECIES: Austrochaperina archboldi is most similar to A. guttata; the two are compared in the account of the latter. Relatively large eyes, broad internarial spacing, and aspects of color pattern should differentiate most or all archboldi from derongo and hooglandi, the other species with which it is most likely to be confused. HABITAT AND HABITS: Brass (1964: 201) characterized the forest at Arau as ‘‘a transition between mid-mountain fagaceous forest and a lower montane mixed rain forest . . . rich in herbaceous undergrowth.’’ Nothing specific is known of the habitat or habits. One of the paratypes had been eaten by a snake, Tropidonophis statisticus. DISTRIBUTION: The species is known only from the type locality (fig. 19). Austrochaperina basipalmata (van Kampen), new combination Chaperina basipalmata van Kampen, 1906: 169 (type localities, ‘‘Tawarin’’ and ‘‘Timena- Fluss,’’ Irian Jaya; syntypes ZMA 5875, 5876, and RMNH 4628 from Timena River [see Type Material], collected April 6–7, 1903, by the Netherlands New Guinea Expedition). Chaperina quatuorlobata Wandolleck, 1911: 9 (type locality, ‘‘Torricelligebirge,’’ West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea; syntypes [2], MTKD D2215, destroyed in World War II [Obst, 1977: 173], collected in 1909 by Otto Schlaginhaufen). Sphenophryne basipalmata: van Kampen, 1919: 54 (first use of combination, treats punctata as a synonym). Nieden, 1926: 46. Sphenophryne macrorhyncha: van Kampen, 1923: 107 (part, basipalmata considered a synonym). Parker, 1934: 155 (part). TYPE LOCALITIES: The Tawarin River is on the north coast of Irian Jaya, entering Walckenaer Bay at about 13948E (Wichmann, 1917, fig. 108). The Timena River is in the vicinity of Lake Sentani, southwest of Jayapura in the northwest coastal region of Irian Jaya. Schlaginhaufen’s collections in the Torricelli Mountains were made in the area southeast of Aitape (Schlaginhaufen, 1914, fig. 1); see also account of Liophryne schlaginhaufeni. TYPE MATERIAL: Of the four syntypes of basipalmata, the juvenile from Tawarin is missing (Dann and Hillenius, 1966). Among the remaining three (from Timena River), the syntype for which van Kampen (1906) provided measurements and illustrated is ZMA 5875; ZMA 5876 was skeletonized, and RMNH 4628 is much smaller (SVL 23 vs. 31 mm). I designate ZMA 5875 lectotype of Chaperina basipalmata; ZMA 5876 and RMNH 4628 automatically become paralectotypes. DIAGNOSIS: The possession of toe webbing distinguishes A. basipalmata from all Austrochaperina except A. palmipes, the only other congener with more than a trace of toe webbing. The greater amount of webbing (figs. 56C and 56D) distinguishes palmipes from basipalmata, as does the former’s possession of vomerine spikes. Smaller eyes also characterize basipalmata (EY/SVL 0.094–0.112 vs. 0.115–0.144). MORPHOLOGY: Head slightly narrower than body; hind limbs moderately long (TL/SVL 0.429). Snout bluntly pointed seen from above, the same and projecting in profile; nostrils lateral, just visible from above,
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