SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

More documents

Recommendations

Info

120 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 79. Audiospectrograms of calls of Liophryne and Austrochaperina. A. L. schlaginhaufeni, recorded near Mabimap Village, Adelbert Mountains, Madang Prov., Papua New Guinea, by James Menzies, voucher specimen UPNG 7246 (see table 9), copy of recording on AMNH Herpetology tape reel 286. B. A. rivularis, recorded by Stephen Richards on Mt. Stolle, 1600 m, West Sepik (Sanduan) Prov., Papua New Guinea, on July 4, 1993, temperature not recorded, voucher specimen QM J67247. C. A. guttata, recorded by S. Richards at Ivimka Field Station, 5.5 km S, 5.6 km W of Tekadu Airstrip, Gulf Prov., Papua New Guinea, on Nov. 19, 1996; voucher specimen QM J67256, air temperature 26.3C. In all figures the audiospectrograms were made with a 59-Hz filter and the waveforms, representing notes 1–N, are in 2 expansion. Copies of S. Richards recordings are on AMNH Herpetology tape reel no. 284.
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 121 Fig. 80. Waveforms of call notes of four species of Austrochaperina. A. A. derongo. B. A. guttata. C. A. rivularis. D. A. macrorhyncha. Scale markings are in 0.01-sec intervals. L. schlaginhaufeni (category 3) are comparable except that in the former, note utterance continues for minutes and varies in rate, whereas the latter species calls in discrete, individual units. The other category 2 species, A. derongo, A. macrorhyncha, A. rivularis, and A. guttata, certainly have no close relationship to L. dentata, nor do the other pulsed-note species in category 3, A. brevipes and S. cornuta, to each other or to L. schlaginhaufeni. Advertisement calls of these microhylids are invaluable for distinguishing among species and may yet yield useful information on interspecific relationships, but I remain dubious about utility at higher taxonomic levels. STRUCTURE OF PULSED NOTES: FOUR SIMILAR CALLS COMPARED Four species of Austrochaperina—derongo, guttata, macrorhyncha, and rivularis— have calls of common structure: prolonged series of short, harsh, pulsed notes that are superficially similar, at least to the human ear. Table 5 summarizes pertinent characteristics of their calls (but bear in mind that this is based on only one call from each of three individuals and two of another). A. derongo is distinguished by the relative brevity of its call and by the high number of pulses per call. A. guttata has the shortest note duration and the highest note repetition rate. A. macrorhyncha has a slow repetition rate of the longest notes, whereas rivularis, with a similar repetition rate, has notes little more than half as long. Thus, the calls differ in at least two quantities each. Whether the range of dominant frequencies (ca. 2100–2800 Hz) is significant is uncertain. Examination of the internal structure of the notes reveals other differences in addition to number of pulses (fig. 80). Two calls of what evidently was the same individual of A.
Page 1 and 2:
PARTITION OF THE AUSTRALOPAPUAN MIC
Page 3 and 4:
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPH
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70: 2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPH
Page 119: 2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPH
show all

SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?