SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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104 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 253 Fig. 61. Changes of proportions relative to body size in five species: 1, Oxydactyla stenodactyla; 2, Austrochaperina derongo; 3,Sphenophryne cornuta; 4,Liophryne schlaginhaufeni; 5,Austrochaperina palmipes. of teeth or presence of serrations would be apomorphies, possibly either sequential or independent. VOMER: This is a complex bone that may derive from vomerine and palatine precursors, but whose developmental history remains to be clarified (Trueb, 1973; de Sá and Trueb, 1991). I use the term vomer without prejudice as to the bone’s true nature. In most species studied (including three Australian species not illustrated here, but see Zweifel: 1985b, fig. 47), a lateral arm of bone extends from the midline of the palate to the maxilla (or almost so), and an anterior arm passes medial to the internal naris, in most instances sending a branch laterally along the anterior border of the naris (fig. 65). The exceptional species is Austrochaperina novaebritanniae (fig. 65J), in which there are separate anterior and posterior bones, and the lateral arm stops short of the maxilla. This may represent a pedomorphic state. In Sphenophryne cornuta the lateral arm also tapers out short of the maxillary shelf while the prenasal branch is
2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF SPHENOPHRYNE 105 Fig. 62. Changes of proportions relative to body size in five species, key numbers as in fig. 61. (Oxydactyla stenodactyla lacks digital discs.) variable: in one specimen (fig. 65P) there is merely an angle in the anterior arm; another has a short, broad- based, pointed arm; and a third has a longer narrow arm. Wandolleck (1911: fig. 6) illustrated a moderately long branch. Similarly, my specimen of Liophryne schlaginhaufeni lacks a prenasal branch, but Wandolleck (1911: fig. 15) shows the vomer with such a branch. The vomers figured range from relatively massive to rather spindly, and they vary greatly in detail. That of Sphenophryne cornuta (fig. 65P) stands out for its broad prenasal arm. The medial plate is large and the lateral arm relatively thick in L. rhododactyla, L. dentata, and L. schlaginhaufeni (fig. 65F–H). Jagged toothlike structures are present on L. allisoni (fig. 65E) and S. cornuta (fig. 65P), and A. palmipes bears a single or double downward- directed spike (fig. 65O). Some of these and other similarities may derive from closeness of relationship, but given the paucity of information on individual variation (see remarks above on S. cornuta and
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SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History

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