SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
SPHENOPHRYNE - American Museum of Natural History
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2000 ZWEIFEL: PARTITION OF <strong>SPHENOPHRYNE</strong><br />
101<br />
Fig. 57. Lower surfaces <strong>of</strong> feet and hands <strong>of</strong> Austrochaperina. A. A. yelaensis, AMNH A135406.<br />
B. A. novaebritanniae, AMS R29351. C. A. gracilipes, AMS R62053. D. A. mehelyi, UPNG 7241. E.<br />
A. brevipes, AMNH A120523. Scale bars marked in 1-mm intervals.<br />
bone and cartilage) preparations <strong>of</strong> 20 species,<br />
including three Australian endemics,<br />
and three additional dried skeletons <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong><br />
the 20, a total <strong>of</strong> 38 specimens. 12 I do not<br />
attempt to describe and compare all features<br />
<strong>of</strong> the skeletal anatomy, but concentrate on<br />
those that seem to <strong>of</strong>fer some utility in assessing<br />
relationships.<br />
SKULL<br />
As is the case in other genyophrynine genera,<br />
the skulls <strong>of</strong> the species considered here<br />
are generally sturdy, well-ossified structures,<br />
even in species <strong>of</strong> rather small adult size<br />
12 Austrochaperina basipalmata (2), A. blumi, A. brevipes,<br />
A. derongo (6), A. fryi, A. gracilipes, A. kosarek,<br />
A. novaebritanniae, A. palmipes (3 3 dried), A. pluvialis,<br />
A. rivularis, A. robusta, Liophryne allisoni, L.<br />
dentata, L. rhododactyla, L. schlaginhaufeni, Oxydactyla<br />
alpestris, O. coggeri, O. stenodactyla (6), Sphenophryne<br />
cornuta (3).<br />
(figs. 66–68). 13 The skull is typically broader<br />
than long, with the width/length being 1.1<br />
(as high as 1.5) in all specimens except single<br />
individuals <strong>of</strong> two small species, Austrochaperina<br />
gracilipes (0.982) and A. novaebritanniae<br />
(0.915). The nasals are large and<br />
scarcely separated from each other and from<br />
the frontoparietals. The quadratojugal is consistently<br />
present.<br />
13 In addition to those presented here, illustrations <strong>of</strong><br />
the skulls <strong>of</strong> genyophrynine genera may be found in the<br />
following works: Burton, 1986 (Cophixalus, Genyophryne);<br />
Fry, 1912 (Austrochaperina); Fry, 1916 (Aphantophryne);<br />
Méhely¨, 1901 (Austrochaperina as Chaperina;<br />
Copiula; Cophixalus as Phrynixalus biroi; Oreophryne<br />
as Sphenophryne biroi); Zweifel, 1971 (Genyophryne);<br />
Zweifel, 1985b (Cophixalus; Austrochaperina as Sphenophryne);<br />
Zweifel and Parker, 1989 (Aphantophryne and<br />
Cophixalus). Wandolleck (1911) illustrated disarticulated<br />
skull bones <strong>of</strong> Sphenophryne, Liophryne (as Sphenophryne<br />
schlaginhaufeni), and Oreophryne (as Mehelyia).