THE NAKED APE

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NEUHAUS, W., 'Ober die Riechscharfe der Hunden fur Fettsauren'. Z. vergl. Physiol. 35 (1953), pp. 5X75R-OAKLEY, K. P., Man the Toolmaker. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), ig6l. READ, C., The Origin of Man (Cambridge University Press, Iga5). ROMER, A. S., The Vertebrate Story (Chicago University Press, Ig58). RUSSELL, C. and W. M. S. RUSSELL, Human Behaviour (Andr6 Deutsch, Ig6I). SALK, L., 'Thoughts on the concept of imprinting and its place in early human development'. Canad. Psychiat. Assoc. J. II (1966), pp. x95-305. SCHALLER, G., The Mountain Gorilla (Chicago University Press, Ig63). SHIRLEY, M. M., 'The first two years, a study of twentyfive babies'. Vol. x, Intellectual development. Inst. Child Welf. Mongr., Serial No. 8 (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1930 SMITH, M. E., 'An investigation of the development of the sentence and the extent of the vocabulary in young children'. Univ. Iowa Stud. Child. Welf. 3, No. 5 (19x6). SPARKS, J., 'Social grooming in animals'. New Scientist 19 (1963), PP- R35-7- SOUTHWICK, C. H. (editor), Primate Social Behaviour (van Nostrand, Princeton, 1963)-TAX, S. (editor), The Evolution of Man (Chicago University Press, Ig6o). TIGER, L., Research report: Patterns of male association. Current Anthropology (vol. VIII, NO. 3, June 1967). TINBERGEN, N., The Study o f Instinct (Oxford University Press, Ig5I). VAN HOOFF, J., 'Facial expressions in higher primates'. Symp. Zoo. Soc. Lond. 8 (196x), Pp. g7-Ix5-WASHBURN, S. L. (editor), Social Life of Early Man (Methuen, Ig6x). WASHBURN, S. L. (editor), Classification and Human Evolution (Methuen, Ig64). WICKLER, W., 'Die biologische Bedeutung auffallend farbiger, nackter Hautstellen and innerartliche 218
Mimikry der Primaten'. Die Naturwissenschaften 5o (13) (1963), PP- 481-2. WICKLER, W., Socio-sexual signals and their intraspecific imitation among primates. In Primate Ethology, (ed. D. Morris) (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967), pp. 68-147-WYBURN, G. M., R. W. PICKFORD and R. J. HIRST, Human Senses and Perception (Oliver and Boyd, 1964). YERKES, R. M. and A. W. YERKES, The Great Apes (Yale University Press, 1929). YOUNG, P. and E. A. GOLDMAN, The Wolves of North America (Constable, 1944). ZEUNER, F. E., A History o f Domesticated Animals (Hutchinson, 1963). ZUCKERMAN, S., The Social Life of Monkeys and Apes (Kegan Paul, 1932).
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THE NAKED APE by Desmond Morris A B
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is intend
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INTRODUCTION THERE are one hundred
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some respect. If they were healthy,
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CHAPTER ONE ORIGINS THERE is a labe
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we put it, it looks out of place. E
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The primate group, to which our nak
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Faced with a new environment, our a
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complex manoeuvres could be develop
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The brightest stars in the carnivor
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a pack of African hunting dogs it i
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the night, but the contrast is neve
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in the dirt of the den or lair. Aft
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was a process of differential infan
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eating it, each have their own part
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Male and female hunting apes had to
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feature was its naked skin, which l
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home bases, its dens became heavily
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vital missing links in our ancient
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first appears. A great deal will de
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CHAPTER TWO SEX SEXUALLY the naked
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phase, privacy is sought and the su
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summatory act of sperm ejaculation
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the arteries pumping blood into the
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activity. Once the climax has been
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old females will have experienced o
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stay put and mind the babies while
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-the female remains responsive to t
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mucous surfaces permanently exposed
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areas in other animals where there
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Any body relationship, they feel, s
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At some point, back in our ancestry
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sexual contacts. In this particular
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This may also explain why the male
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lengths to render her as sexually r
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ised his sex life. The contemporary
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apology being proportional to the d
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enlarges it, imitating in this way
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ituation where the female is produc
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and avoids being attacked. A subord
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object lacking these signals. Secon
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is that the prolonged period of inf
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on the fundamental sexual structure
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CHAPTER THREE REARING THE burden of
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is not enough for the infant's lips
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mother, either instinctively or by
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apid during the first two years of
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onwards. It may even clasp on to he
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unlike the verbal signals, they eme
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mother's face and to distinguish he
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oth frighteningly odd and at the sa
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friendly, but if we greet them by l
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We develop the vital bond of attach
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andom and unco-ordinated. The cryin
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CHAPTER FOUR EXPLORATION ALL mammal
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But the reverse is actually the cas
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are combined, one with another, to
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equired no reward-it was its own re
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Writing, a formalised offshoot of p
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and clothing, in furniture and cars
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contacts immensely difficult and wi
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epeatedly bite themselves, or pull
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on the other hand, of vital signifi
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in respiratory activity. Breathing
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under the extreme conditions of agg
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formalised into rhythmic twistings
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sdditional energy on it, and it is
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the grooming itself. Monkeys make g
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signal. (With the arm bent and held
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intensities of it are expressed in
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mechanisms. Many moths have a pair
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largely confined now to a form of s
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such a situation can be seen to per
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the policeman into a position of im
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attacker and his enemy, and it is t
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intelligence that must get us out.
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frequent accompaniment of wailing o
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of the `pomp and circumstance' will
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in profusion. This is usually expla
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personal acquaintances listed there
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grounds. It is a predominantly masc
Page 163 and 164: elements of challenge, luck and ris
Page 165 and 166: Another interpretation is that we h
Page 167 and 168: If they appeal to our old primate w
Page 169 and 170: disposal, we might be expected to r
Page 171 and 172: giving an impression of great conce
Page 173 and 174: the female can then fondle it and c
Page 175 and 176: is it aesthetically pleasing. Its f
Page 177 and 178: significance of the hair. In its re
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Page 181 and 182: it is a strong dose of security tha
Page 183 and 184: If the environment becomes too cold
Page 185 and 186: CHAPTER EIGHT ANIMALS UP to this po
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Page 189 and 190: substitute space-traveller. No othe
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Page 195 and 196: small objects (chimpanzee, monkey,
Page 197 and 198: The unexpected discovery here is th
Page 199 and 200: on its back. It must be stressed he
Page 201 and 202: This cannot be explained solely on
Page 203 and 204: spiders being nasty, hairy things.
Page 205 and 206: symbolically, scientifically or aes
Page 207 and 208: tendencies; that if we have to beco
Page 209 and 210: Heart-beat response: Salk, 1966. Gr
Page 211 and 212: BIBLIOGRAPHY AMBROSE, J. A., `The s
Page 213: MILES, W. R., 'Chimpanzee behaviour
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THE NAKED APE

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