THE NAKED APE

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GUN<strong>THE</strong>R, M., 'Instinct and the nursing couple'. Lancet (1955) PP- 575-8. HARDY, A. C., 'Was man more aquatic in the past?' New Scientist 7 (Ig6o), pp. 642-5. HARLOW, H. F., 'The nature of love'. Amer. Psychol. 13 (1958) PP- 678-85. HARRISON, G. A., J. S. WEINER, J. M. TANNER and N. A. BARNICOTT, Human Biology (Oxford University Press, 1964). HAYES, C., The Ape in our House (Gollancz, 195x). HOOTON, E. A., Up from the Ape (Macmillan, New York, 1947). HOWELLS, W., Mankind in the Making (Secker and Warburg, I 96o). HUTT, C. and M. J. VAIZEY, 'Differential effects of group density on social behaviour'. Nature xog (1966), pp. I37I-2. KELLOGG, R., What Children Scribble and Why (Author's edition, San Francisco, 1955). KINSEY, A. C., W. B. POMEROY and C. E. MARTIN, Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1948). KINSEY, A. C., W. B. POMEROY, C. E. MARTIN and P. H. GEBHARD, Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1953). KLEIMAN, D., 'Scent marking in the Canidae'. Symp. Zool. Soc. 18 (1966), pp. 167-77-KLEITmAN, N., Sleep and Wakefulness (Chicago University Press, 1963). KRUUK, H., 'Clan-system and feeding habits of Spotted Hyenas'. Nature xog (1966), pp. 1x57-8. LEYHAUSEN, P., Verhaltensstudien an Katzen (Paul Parey, Berlin, Ig56). LIPSITT, L., 'Learning processes of human newborns'. Merril-Palmer Quart. Behav. Devel. Ix (1966), pp. 45-71 LoRENz, K., King Solomon's Ring Methuen, 195x). LORENz, K., Man Meets Dog (Met uen, 1954). MARKS, I. M. and M. G. GELDER, 'Different onset ages in varieties of phobias'. Amer. J. Psychiat. (July Ig66). MASTERS, W. H. and V. E. JOHNSON, Human Sexual Response (Churchill, 1966). 216
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THE NAKED APE by Desmond Morris A B
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is intend
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INTRODUCTION THERE are one hundred
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some respect. If they were healthy,
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CHAPTER ONE ORIGINS THERE is a labe
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we put it, it looks out of place. E
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The primate group, to which our nak
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Faced with a new environment, our a
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complex manoeuvres could be develop
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The brightest stars in the carnivor
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a pack of African hunting dogs it i
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the night, but the contrast is neve
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in the dirt of the den or lair. Aft
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was a process of differential infan
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eating it, each have their own part
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Male and female hunting apes had to
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feature was its naked skin, which l
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home bases, its dens became heavily
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vital missing links in our ancient
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first appears. A great deal will de
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CHAPTER TWO SEX SEXUALLY the naked
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phase, privacy is sought and the su
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summatory act of sperm ejaculation
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the arteries pumping blood into the
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activity. Once the climax has been
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old females will have experienced o
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stay put and mind the babies while
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-the female remains responsive to t
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mucous surfaces permanently exposed
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areas in other animals where there
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Any body relationship, they feel, s
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At some point, back in our ancestry
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sexual contacts. In this particular
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This may also explain why the male
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lengths to render her as sexually r
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ised his sex life. The contemporary
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apology being proportional to the d
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enlarges it, imitating in this way
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ituation where the female is produc
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and avoids being attacked. A subord
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object lacking these signals. Secon
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is that the prolonged period of inf
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on the fundamental sexual structure
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CHAPTER THREE REARING THE burden of
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is not enough for the infant's lips
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mother, either instinctively or by
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apid during the first two years of
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onwards. It may even clasp on to he
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unlike the verbal signals, they eme
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mother's face and to distinguish he
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oth frighteningly odd and at the sa
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friendly, but if we greet them by l
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We develop the vital bond of attach
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andom and unco-ordinated. The cryin
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CHAPTER FOUR EXPLORATION ALL mammal
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But the reverse is actually the cas
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are combined, one with another, to
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equired no reward-it was its own re
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Writing, a formalised offshoot of p
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and clothing, in furniture and cars
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contacts immensely difficult and wi
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epeatedly bite themselves, or pull
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on the other hand, of vital signifi
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in respiratory activity. Breathing
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under the extreme conditions of agg
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formalised into rhythmic twistings
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sdditional energy on it, and it is
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the grooming itself. Monkeys make g
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signal. (With the arm bent and held
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intensities of it are expressed in
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mechanisms. Many moths have a pair
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largely confined now to a form of s
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such a situation can be seen to per
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the policeman into a position of im
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attacker and his enemy, and it is t
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intelligence that must get us out.
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frequent accompaniment of wailing o
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of the `pomp and circumstance' will
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in profusion. This is usually expla
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personal acquaintances listed there
Page 161 and 162: grounds. It is a predominantly masc
Page 163 and 164: elements of challenge, luck and ris
Page 165 and 166: Another interpretation is that we h
Page 167 and 168: If they appeal to our old primate w
Page 169 and 170: disposal, we might be expected to r
Page 171 and 172: giving an impression of great conce
Page 173 and 174: the female can then fondle it and c
Page 175 and 176: is it aesthetically pleasing. Its f
Page 177 and 178: significance of the hair. In its re
Page 179 and 180: co-operativeness, specialised groom
Page 181 and 182: it is a strong dose of security tha
Page 183 and 184: If the environment becomes too cold
Page 185 and 186: CHAPTER EIGHT ANIMALS UP to this po
Page 187 and 188: prey-predator relationship, since i
Page 189 and 190: substitute space-traveller. No othe
Page 191 and 192: interferes with the efficient runni
Page 193 and 194: point of view, are fully justified
Page 195 and 196: small objects (chimpanzee, monkey,
Page 197 and 198: The unexpected discovery here is th
Page 199 and 200: on its back. It must be stressed he
Page 201 and 202: This cannot be explained solely on
Page 203 and 204: spiders being nasty, hairy things.
Page 205 and 206: symbolically, scientifically or aes
Page 207 and 208: tendencies; that if we have to beco
Page 209 and 210: Heart-beat response: Salk, 1966. Gr
Page 211: BIBLIOGRAPHY AMBROSE, J. A., `The s
Page 215: Mimikry der Primaten'. Die Naturwis
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