A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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References 57 2.22 Cole, R.H. (1965) Underwater Explosions, Princeton University Press 1948, and Dover Publications, New York. 2.23 Penney, W.G. (1940) The Pressure-Time Curve for Underwater Explosions, UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence Research Committee Report RC 142. 2.24 Penney, W.G. and Dasgupta, H.K. (1942) Pressure-Time Curves for Submarine Explosions (2nd paper), UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence ResearchCommittee Report RC 333 . 2.25 Kirkwood, J.G. and Bethe, H.A. (1942) The Pressure Wave Produced by an Underwater Explosion—Basic Propagation Theory, US OSRD Report 588. 2.26 Kirkwood, J.G. and Montroll, E.W. (1942) The Pressure Wave Produced by an Underwater Explosion—Properties of Pure Water at a Shock Front, US OSRD Report 676. 2.27 Kirkwood, J.G. and Richardson, J.M. (1942) The Pressure Wave Produced by an Underwater Explosion—Properties of Salt Water at a Shock Front, US OSRD Report 813. 2.28 Kirkwood, J.G., Brinkley, S.R. and Richardson, J.M. (1953) The Pressure Wave Produced by an Underwater Explosion—Calculations for Thirty Explosives, US OSRD Report 2022. 2.29 Kirkwood, J.G. and Brinkley, S.R. (1945) Theory of the Propagation of Shock Waves from Explosive Sources in Air and Water, US OSRD Report 4814. 2.30 Swift, E. et al. (no date) Photography of Underwater Explosions, US Navy Bureau of Ordnance. 2.31 Ramsauer, C. (1923) Ann. d. Phys., 4(72), 265. 2.32 Ewing, M. and Crary, A. (1941) Multiple Impulses from Underwater Explosions, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution report. 2.33 Herring (1941) Theory of the Pulsations of the Gas Bubble Produced by an Underwater Explosion, US NRDC Division 6 Report C4-Sr20. 2.34 Taylor, G.I. (1963) The vertical motion of a spherical bubble and the pressure surrounding it. In The scientific papers of Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, Vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, 320. 2.35 Bryant, A.R. (1950) The behaviour of an underwater explosion bubble: further approximations, Underwater Explosion Research, Vol. 2, The gas globe office of Naval Research, US Dept of Navy. 2.36 Kranzer, H.C. and Keller, J.B. (1959) Water waves produced by explosions, Journal of Applied Physics, 30(3), March, 398. 2.37 Kaye, S.H. (1983) Encyclopaedia of Explosions and Related Terms, US R and D Command, Large Calibre Weapons Systems Laboratory, Technical Report. 2.38 Smith, P.D. and Hetherington, J.G. (1994) Blast and Ballistic Loading of Structures, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. 2.39 Henrych, J. (1979) The Dynamics of Explosion and Its Use, Elsevier, Amsterdam (translation). 2.40 Makovicka, D. (1994) Influence of short shock load on response of masonry structure. In P.S.Bulson (ed.), Structures Under Shock and Impact (3), Computational Mechanics Publications, 53. 2.41 Kingery, C.N. and Bulmash, G. (1984) Airblast Parameters from TNT Spherical Air Burst and Hemispherical Surface Burst, Tech. Report ARBRL-TR-02555, US Army Armament Research and Development Center, Ballistics Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
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EXPLOSIVE LOADING OF ENGINEERING ST
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Explosive Loading of Engineering St
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Contents Preface vii Acknowledgemen
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Preface A long time ago I walked ov
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Acknowledgements The reports from w
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xii Notation m mass of projectile m
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xiv Notation Q work done during exp
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Introduction Explosions can threate
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Introduction xix Bertram Hopkinson
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Introduction xxi in the seventeenth
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Introduction xxiii own versions of
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Introduction xxv indoor shelters an
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Introduction xxvii explosions/ stru
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Introduction xxix particularly dama
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Introduction xxxi but the feeling i
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2 The nature of explosions propelli
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4 The nature of explosions or rathe
Page 39 and 40: 6 The nature of explosions ogive, a
Page 41 and 42: 8 The nature of explosions mass, an
Page 43 and 44: 10 The nature of explosions Figure
Page 45 and 46: 12 4 lb cylinders, TNT, 3.75 lb sph
Page 47 and 48: 14 The nature of explosions As Figu
Page 49 and 50: 16 The nature of explosions of the
Page 51 and 52: 18 1.4 THE DECAY OF INSTANTANEOUS O
Page 53 and 54: 20 The nature of explosions Figure
Page 55 and 56: 22 The nature of explosions where I
Page 57 and 58: 24 sometimes written in psi as The
Page 59 and 60: 26 The nature of explosions 1.20 Ki
Page 61 and 62: 28 The detonation of explosive char
Page 83 and 84: 50 Figure 2.18 Radius/time curve of
Page 87 and 88: 54 and 50%, rather than by a factor
Page 89: 56 The detonation of explosive char
Page 93 and 94: 60 Propellant, dust, gas and vapour
Page 95 and 96: 62 grain is in the form of powder,
Page 105 and 106: 72 Structural loading from distant
Page 107 and 108: 74 distance L/2 from the front face
Page 115 and 116: 82 reasonable agreement with test r
Page 119 and 120: 86 Table 4.2 Structural loading fro
Page 124 and 125: 5 Structural loading from local exp
Page 126 and 127: Concentrated external explosive loa
Page 128 and 129: Ground shock from concentrated unde
Page 130 and 131: Table 5.1 magnitude at shallow dept
Page 132 and 133: Ground shock from concentrated unde
Page 134 and 135: Concentrated external loads on unde
Page 136 and 137: Blast loads in tunnels and shafts 1
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Blast loads in tunnels and shafts 1
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Blast loads in tunnels and shafts 1
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Loads from confined explosions in u
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5.6 REFERENCES References 117 Figur
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6 Pressure measurement and blast si
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Experimental pressure measurement 1
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Blast simulation 123 slits to focus
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Blast simulation 125 layer between
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Blast simulation 127 long, and a fu
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Blast simulation 129 Figure 6.4 Air
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Blast simulation 131 Figure 6.7 Bla
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Blast simulation 133 the provision
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Simulation of loads on underground
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Simulation of loads on underground
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References 139 6.5 Granath, B.A. an
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7 Penetration and fragmentation 7.1
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His very early investigations of th
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Penetration into soil, stone and ro
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Loose Ottawa Flintshot sand, Penetr
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Penetration into concrete 165 ratio
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Penetration into concrete 167 penet
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Projectile damage to metal structur
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valuable, showing deformed configur
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Projectile damage to metal structur
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Fragmentation 175 In 1943 Payman [7
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Delivery systems and their developm
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7.7 REFERENCES References 179 7.1 P
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References 181 7.41 Dancygier, A.N.
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8 The effects of explosive loading
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Civil buildings 185 bombs, and by 1
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Civil buildings 187 exterior of the
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The stability of masonry walls unde
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Civil bridges 191 externally a dist
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Civil bridges 193 Figure 8.2 d’Ea
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Civil bridges 195 Figure 8.5 Vacoul
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Civil bridges 197 It was necessary
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Civil bridges 199 approximate relat
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Civil bridges 201 Figure 8.6 Relati
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(a) damage to deck slabs that carry
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Civil bridges 205 Figure 8.10 Damag
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Aircraft and ships 207 8.3 AIRCRAFT
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Aircraft and ships 209 Aircraft str
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Aircraft and ships 211 Tirpitz and
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References 213 much time has been d
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9 Response, safety and evolution 9.
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Theoretical response 217 the develo
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Theoretical response 219 was elasti
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Theoretical response 221 conditions
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Mendoza [9.15]. As these references
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Load factor 225 expected number of
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References 227 research and testing
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Author index Abbott, H.L. 210 Abbot
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Hugoniot, H. xx, 8, 18 Hülsewig, M
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Wright, J.K. 123 Wright, S.J. 222 Y
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236 Military penetrating projectile
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A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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