A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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References 25 chapter, readers should be reminded that the formulae presented and the research described were mainly concerned with the behaviour of explosions at or near sea level. An examination of the dependence of blast analysis on ambient pressure and temperature was made in 1944 by R.G.Sachs at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA, with particular reference to high altitude explosions. It was reported in reference [1.21]. 1.5 REFERENCES 1.1 Earnshaw, S. (1858) On the mathematical theory of sound, Phil. Trans., cl 133. 1.2 Lamb, H. (1895) Hydrodynamics, Cambridge. 1.3 Rankine, W.J.M. (1870) On the thermodynamic theory of waves of finite longitudinal disturbance, Phil. Trans., cl 277, p. 530. 1.4 Hugoniot, H. (1887, 1889) Mémoire sur la propagation du mouvement dans les corps et specialement dans les gaz parfaits, J. de l’ecole polytech., Paris, 57 (1887), and 58 (1889). 1.5 Davis, W.C. (1987) The detonation of explosives, Scientific American, 256(5), May. 1.6 Taylor, G.I. (1939) The Propagation and Decay of Blast Waves, UK Home Office, ARP dept, RC 39, October. 1.7 Taylor, G.I. (1940) Notes on the Dynamics of Shock Waves from Bar Explosive Charges, UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence Research Committee paper. 1.8 Taylor, G.I. (1941) The Propagation of Blast Waves over the Ground, UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence Research Committee paper. 1.9 Christopherson, D.G. (1946) Structural Defence, 1945, UK Ministry of Home Security, Research and Experiments Department, RC 450. 1.10 US Army Fundamentals of Protective Design (Non-nuclear) (1965), Dept of Army Technical Manual TM5–855–1, Washington. 1.11 Kennedy, W.D. (1946) Explosions and explosives in air. In Effects of Impact and Explosion, Summary Tech. Rep. DW2, NRDC, Washington, Vol. 1, Chap. 2. 1.12 Lindberg, H.E. and Firth, R.O. (1967) Tech. Rep. AFWL-TR-66–163, Vol. 2, Air Force Weapons Lab, Kirtland, USA. 1.13 Stoner, R.G. and Bleakney, W. (1948) The attenuation of spherical shock waves in air, Jour. Appl. Phys., 19(7), 670. 1.14 Goodman, H.J. (1960) Compiled Free-air Blast Data on Bare Spherical Pentolite, BRL Report 1092, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA. 1.15 Philip, E.B. (1942) Blast Pressure Time-Distance Data for Charges of TNT and GP Bombs, UK Home Office Report REN 168. 1.16 Lavoie, L. (1989) Fuel-air explosives, weapons and effects, Military Technology, 9. 1.17 Taylor, G.I. (1950) The formation of a blast wave by a very intense explosion, I theoretical discussion, Proc. Roy. Soc., Series A, 201(1065), March. 1.18 Brode, H.L. (1959) Blast wave from a spherical charge, The Physics of Fluids, 2(2), March/April. 1.19 Friedlander, F.G. (1939) Note on the Diffraction of Blast Waves by a Wall, UK Home Office ARP Dept, RC(A) July; also (1940) Diffraction of Blast Waves by an Infinite Wedge, UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence Research Committee report RC 61, February.
26 The nature of explosions 1.20 Kirkwood, J.G. and Brinkley, S.R. (1945) Theory of Propagation of Shock Waves from Explosive Sources in Air and Water, Div. 2, NRDC Rep. A 318, OSRD No. 4814, March. 1.21 Sachs, R.G. (1944) The Dependence of Blast on Ambient Pressure and Temperature, BRL report 466, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
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EXPLOSIVE LOADING OF ENGINEERING ST
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Explosive Loading of Engineering St
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Contents Preface vii Acknowledgemen
Page 8 and 9: Preface A long time ago I walked ov
Page 10: Acknowledgements The reports from w
Page 13 and 14: xii Notation m mass of projectile m
Page 15 and 16: xiv Notation Q work done during exp
Page 18 and 19: Introduction Explosions can threate
Page 20 and 21: Introduction xix Bertram Hopkinson
Page 22 and 23: Introduction xxi in the seventeenth
Page 24 and 25: Introduction xxiii own versions of
Page 26 and 27: Introduction xxv indoor shelters an
Page 28 and 29: Introduction xxvii explosions/ stru
Page 30 and 31: Introduction xxix particularly dama
Page 32: Introduction xxxi but the feeling i
Page 35 and 36: 2 The nature of explosions propelli
Page 37 and 38: 4 The nature of explosions or rathe
Page 39 and 40: 6 The nature of explosions ogive, a
Page 41 and 42: 8 The nature of explosions mass, an
Page 43 and 44: 10 The nature of explosions Figure
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Page 47 and 48: 14 The nature of explosions As Figu
Page 49 and 50: 16 The nature of explosions of the
Page 51 and 52: 18 1.4 THE DECAY OF INSTANTANEOUS O
Page 53 and 54: 20 The nature of explosions Figure
Page 55 and 56: 22 The nature of explosions where I
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Page 61 and 62: 28 The detonation of explosive char
Page 83 and 84: 50 Figure 2.18 Radius/time curve of
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Page 94 and 95: Dust explosions 61 as the period 19
Page 96 and 97: Gas explosions 63 reported by Palme
Page 98 and 99: Gas explosions 65 workings in very
Page 100 and 101: Vapour cloud explosions 67 the leak
Page 102 and 103: References 69 in Los Angeles Harbou
Page 104 and 105: 4 Structural loading from distant e
Page 106 and 107: Uniformly distributed pressures 73
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Table 4.1 Loading/time relationship
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Loading/time relationships 77 overp
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Loading/time relationships 79 side
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Loads on underground structures 81
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Loads on underwater structures 87 c
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References 89 4.12 Allgood, J. (197
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92 Structural loading from local ex
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98 The general empirical equation f
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100 Structural loading from local e
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112 Figure 5.16 Relationship betwee
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120 Pressure measurement and blast
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142 Penetration and fragmentation r
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144 Penetration and fragmentation p
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146 Penetration and fragmentation w
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148 Penetration and fragmentation T
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152 Penetration and fragmentation F
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152 Penetration and fragmentation n
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158 Figure 7.16 Penetration simulat
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162 Penetration and fragmentation b
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164 Table 7.1 Penetration and fragm
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168 Penetration and fragmentation I
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170 Penetration and fragmentation l
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174 Penetration and fragmentation p
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176 Penetration and fragmentation o
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178 Penetration and fragmentation o
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180 Penetration and fragmentation 7
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182 Penetration and fragmentation 7
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184 The effects of explosive loadin
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188 Table 8.1 It is worth noting th
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200 Table 8.5 The effects of explos
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216 Response, safety and evolution
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224 In the log-normal distribution
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230 Cole, R.H. 46, 48, 53, 55, 99 C
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232 Petry 143 Philip, E.B. 13, 14,
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Subject index Aircraft damage 207 A
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A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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