A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

References 227
research and testing or simulation. There were many papers on the application
of hydrocodes and other numerical techniques to the various problem areas
of the subject.
One of the main tasks of the near future will be to bring the fruits of
structural loading research into a form suitable for design codes of practice
for civil buildings, bridges and other land, sea and air structures. It is hoped
that the research history and inspirations from the past retailed in this book
will help towards this work, and at the same time define a background for
the evolution of new scientific insights as well as the development of existing
knowledge.
9.5 REFERENCES
9.1 Harris, A. (1989) A man of mettle, New Civil Engineer, 18 May.
9.2 Taylor, G. (1987) The general design and use of hardened defences in twentieth
century warfare, Royal Engineers’ Journal, 101(2).
9.3 Anon (1939) The Design of Buildings against Air Attack, Part 2, Mathematical
Analysis of the Effect of Blast on Structures, HOPP/18, Civil Defence Research
Committee paper RC 23.
9.4 Biggs, J.M. (1964) Introduction to Structural Dynamics, McGraw Hill, New
York.
9.5 Newmark, N.M. et al. (1961, rev. 1964) Design of Structures to Resist Nuclear
Weapons Effects, American Society of Civil Engineers, Manual of Engineering
Practice No. 42. Republished in 1985.
9.6 US Dept of the Army (1969 and 1991) Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental
Explosions, US Dept of the Army Technical Manual TM5–1300.
9.7 Crawford, R.E., Higgins, C.J. and Bultmann, E.H. (1974) The Air Force Manual
for Design and Analysis of Hardened Structures, AFWL TR 74–102, AFWL
Kirkland AFB, New Mexico, October.
9.8 US Dept of the Army (1986) Fundamentals of Protective Design for Conventional
Weapons, US Army TM5–855–1, November.
9.9 Baker, W.E. et al. (1983) Explosion Hazards and Evaluation, Elsevier, New
York.
9.10 Baker, W E., and Spivey, K H. (1989) BIGGS—simplified elastic-plastic dynamic
response. In P.S.Bulson (ed.), Structures under Shock and Impact, Elsevier, p.
135.
9.11 Abrahamson, G.R. and Lindberg, H.E. (1976) Peak load—Impulse
characterisation of critical pulse loads in structural dynamics, Nuclear Engineering
and Design, 37, pp. 35–46.
9.12 Bingham, B.L., Walker, R.E. and Blouin, S.E. (1993) Response of pile foundations
in saturated soil, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions
withStructures , Panama City Beach, Florida, USA, May.
9.13 Wright, S.J. and Hobbs, B. (1994) Use of the DYNA-3D FE code to quantify the
response of steel plate girders subjected to localised combined blast and fragment
loads. In P.S.Bulson (ed.), Structures under Shock and Impact, Computational
Mechanics Publications, June.
9.14 Terrier, J.M. and Boisseau, J.F.X. (1989) Numerical simulations of reinforced
structure response subjected to high explosive detonation, Proc. 4th Int. Symp.
on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach,
Florida, USA, April.