A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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References 181 7.41 Dancygier, A.N. and Yankelevsky, D.Z. (1994) Comparative penetration tests of fibre reinforced concrete plates, Structures under Shock and Impact III, Comp. Mech. Pub., June, p. 273. 7.42 Taylor, G.I. (1948) The formation and enlargement of a circular hole in a thin plastic sheet, Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Maths, 1, p. 103. 7.43 Taylor, G.I. (no date) The use of flat ended projectiles for determining dynamic yield stress, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Vol. 194, Series A, p. 289. 7.44 Thomson, W.T. (1955) An approximate theory of armour penetration, Journal of Applied Physics, 26(1), January. 7.45 Recht, R.F. and Ipson, T.W. (1963) Ballistic perforation dynamics, Journal of Applied Mechanics, September. 7.46 Goldsmith, W. et al. (1965) Plate impact and perforation by projectiles, Experimental Mechanics, December. 7.47 Backman, M.E. and Goldsmith, W. (1978) The mechanism of penetration of projectiles into targets, Inter. Jour. Eng. Sci., 16, Pergamon Press, London. 7.48 Taylor, G.I. (1944) The Fragmentation of Tubular Bombs, Paper written for the Advisory Council on Scientific Research and Technical Development, UK Ministry of Supply. 7.49 Kinney, G. and Graham, K.J. (1985) Explosive Shocks in Air, Springer Verlag, New York. 7.50 Ravid, M. and Bodner, S.R. (1983) Dynamic perforation of viseoelastic plates by rigid projectiles, Int. Eng. Sci., 21, 577. 7.51 Goldsmith, W. and Finnegan, S.A. (1986) Normal and oblique impact of cylinders—conical and cylindrical projectiles on metallic plates, Int. J. Impact Engng, 4, p. 83. 7.52 Dehn, J. (1989) Mathematical models in penetration mechanics, Structures Under Shock and Impact (1), Elsevier/C M Publications, p. 203. 7.53 Nurick, G.N. and Crowther, B.G. (1994) The measurement of the residual velocity and deflection of a projectile passing through a thin plate, Structures Under Shock and Impact (3), CM Publications, p. 261. 7.54 Wen, H.M. and Jones, N. (1992) Semi-empirical equations for the perforation ofplates struck by a mass , Structures Under Shock and Impact (2), Thomas Telford and CM Publications, p. 369. 7.55 Neilson, A.S. (1985) Empirical equations for the perforation of mild steel plates, Int. J. Impact Eng., 3, p. 137. 7.56 Jowett, J. (1986) The Effect of Missile Impact on Thin Metal Structures, UKAEA SRD R378. 7.57 Wen, H.M. and Jones, N. (1992) Experimental Investigation into the Dynamic Plastic Response and Perforation of a Clamped Circular Plate Struck Transversely by a Mass, Impact Res Centre ES/85/92, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, University of Liverpool. 7.58 Gwaltney, R.C. (1968) Missile Generation and Protection in Light Water-cooled Power Reactor Plants, Report URNL-USTC-22, Oak Ridge National Lab., Tennessee, USA. 7.59 Avery, J.G., Porter, T.R. and Lauzze, R.W. (1975) Structural integrity requirements for projectile impact damage—an overview, Specialist meeting on Impact Damage Tolerance of Structures, AGARD Conf. Proceedings, No. 186. 7.60 Mott, N.F. (1943) Fragmentation of H E Shells: a Theoretical Formula for the Distribution of Weights of Fragments, UK Armament Research Department, AC 3642 SD/FP85, March. 7.61 Mott, N.F. (1943) A Theory of Fragmentation of Shells and Bombs, UK Armament Research Department, AC 4035, SD/FP 106, May.
182 Penetration and fragmentation 7.62 Mott, N.F. (1943) Fragmentation of Shell Casings and the Theory of Rupture in Metals, UK Armament Research Department, AC 4613 SD/FP 139, August. 7.63 Payman, W. (1943) Empirical Relationships for Use in Comparing Results of Fragmentation Trials, I—Velocities of Fragments, UK Safety in Mines Research Station, RC 387, June. 7.64 Payman, M. (1943) Empirical Relationships for Use in Comparing Results of Fragmentation Trials, II—Weight Distribution of Fragments, UK Safety in Mines Research Station, RC 388, July. 7.65 Williams, K.A.J. and Ellinas, C.P. (1989) Societal risks from detonations in explosive storage structures, Structures Under Shock and Impact, Elsevier and CM Publications, p. 253. 7.66 Marchand, K.A. and Cox, P.A. (1989) The apparent synergism in combined blast and fragment loadings, Structures Under Shock and Impact, Elsevier and CM Publications, p. 239. 7.67 Niemzig, I. and Steffen, R. (1992) Engagement of hard targets from the air, Military Technology, November, p. 48. 7.68 Taylor, G.I. (1941) The Analysis of a Long Cylindrical Bomb Detonated at One End, Paper written for the Civil Defence Research Committee, UK Ministry of Home Security. 7.69 Schardin, H. (1956) Uber das Wesen der Hohlladung, VDI Journal, 98, 1837. 7.70 Gurney, R.W. (1943) The Initial Velocity of Fragments from Bombs, Shells and Grenades, US Ballistic Research Laboratory, BRL—Report 405. 7.71 Chou, P.C. et al. (1981) Improved formula for velocity, acceleration and projection angle of explosively driven liners, Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Ballistics, Orlando. 7.72 Vered, G.R. (1987) Evolution of ‘Blazer’ reactive armour and its adaptation to AFVs, Military Technology, December, p. 53.
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EXPLOSIVE LOADING OF ENGINEERING ST
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Explosive Loading of Engineering St
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Contents Preface vii Acknowledgemen
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Preface A long time ago I walked ov
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Acknowledgements The reports from w
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xii Notation m mass of projectile m
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xiv Notation Q work done during exp
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Introduction Explosions can threate
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Introduction xix Bertram Hopkinson
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Introduction xxi in the seventeenth
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Introduction xxiii own versions of
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Introduction xxv indoor shelters an
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Introduction xxvii explosions/ stru
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Introduction xxix particularly dama
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Introduction xxxi but the feeling i
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2 The nature of explosions propelli
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4 The nature of explosions or rathe
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6 The nature of explosions ogive, a
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8 The nature of explosions mass, an
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10 The nature of explosions Figure
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12 4 lb cylinders, TNT, 3.75 lb sph
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14 The nature of explosions As Figu
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16 The nature of explosions of the
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18 1.4 THE DECAY OF INSTANTANEOUS O
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20 The nature of explosions Figure
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22 The nature of explosions where I
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24 sometimes written in psi as The
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26 The nature of explosions 1.20 Ki
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28 The detonation of explosive char
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50 Figure 2.18 Radius/time curve of
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54 and 50%, rather than by a factor
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3 Propellant, dust, gas and vapour
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Dust explosions 61 as the period 19
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Gas explosions 63 reported by Palme
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Gas explosions 65 workings in very
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Vapour cloud explosions 67 the leak
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References 69 in Los Angeles Harbou
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4 Structural loading from distant e
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Uniformly distributed pressures 73
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Table 4.1 Loading/time relationship
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Loading/time relationships 77 overp
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Loading/time relationships 79 side
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Loads on underground structures 81
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Loads on underwater structures 87 c
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References 89 4.12 Allgood, J. (197
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92 Structural loading from local ex
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98 The general empirical equation f
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100 Structural loading from local e
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112 Figure 5.16 Relationship betwee
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120 Pressure measurement and blast
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Page 191 and 192: 158 Figure 7.16 Penetration simulat
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Page 197 and 198: 164 Table 7.1 Penetration and fragm
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Page 211 and 212: 178 Penetration and fragmentation o
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Page 217 and 218: 184 The effects of explosive loadin
Page 221 and 222: 188 Table 8.1 It is worth noting th
Page 233 and 234: 200 Table 8.5 The effects of explos
Page 249 and 250: 216 Response, safety and evolution
Page 257 and 258: 224 In the log-normal distribution
Page 263 and 264: 230 Cole, R.H. 46, 48, 53, 55, 99 C
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232 Petry 143 Philip, E.B. 13, 14,
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Subject index Aircraft damage 207 A
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