A History of Research and a Review of Recent Developments

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7.7 REFERENCES References 179 7.1 Poncelet, J.V. (1829 and 1835) Cours de mécanique industrielle, Paris. 7.2 Timoshenko, S. (1953) History of Strength of Materials, McGraw-Hill. 7.3 Petry (1910) Monographies de systèmes d’artillerie, Brussels. 7.4 Young, C.W. (1972) Empirical Equations for Predicting Penetration Performance in Layered Earth Materials for Complex Penetrator Configurations, Report SC-DR-72–0523, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, December. 7.5 Goodier, J.N. (1965) On the mechanics of indentation and cratering in solic targets of strain-hardening metal by impact of hard and soft spheres, Proc. 7th Symposium on Hypervelocity Impact, Vol. 3, p. 215. 7.6 Norwood, F.R. (1974) Cylindrical Cavity Expansion in a Locking Soil, Report SLA-74–0261, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, July. 7.7 Yew, C.H. and Stirbis, P.P. (1978) Penetration of projectile into terrestrial target, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, EM2, paper 13703, April, p. 273. 7.8 Allen, W.A., Mayfield, E.B. and Morrison, H.L. (1957) Dynamics of a projectile penetrating sand, Journal of Applied Physics, 28(3), March. 7.9 Robins, B. (1742) New Principles of Gunnery, London. 7.10 Euler, L. (18th century) Neue Grundsätze der Artillerie, Berlin. 7.11 Stipe, J.G. (1946) Terminal Ballistics of Soil, Effects of Impacts and Explosions, Summary Technical Report of Division 2, NDRC, Vol. 1, Washington. 7.12 Christopherson, D.G. (1946) Structural Defence (1945), UK Ministry of Home Security, Civil Defence Research Committee paper RC 450. 7.13 US Army (1965) Fundamentals of Protective Design (Non-nuclear), US Army TM5–855–1, Department of the US Army, July. 7.14 Young, C.W. and Keck, L.J. (1971) An Air-dropped Sea-ice Penetrometer, Report SC-DR-71–0729, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, December. 7.15 Forrestal, M.J., Longcope, D.B. and Lee, L.M. (1983) Analytical and experimental studies on penetration into geological targets, Symp. on Interaction of Nonnuclear Munitions with Structures, US Air Force Academy, Colorado, May. 7.16 Bishop, R.F., Hill, R. and Mott, N.F. (1945) The theory of indentation and hardness tests, Proc. of the Physical Society, 57(3), May. 7.17 Young, C.W. (1969) Depth prediction for earth penetrating projectile, Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, May. 7.18 Stilp, A., Schneider, E. and Hülsewig, M. (1985) Penetration of fragments into sand, Second Symp. on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, April, p. 333. 7.19 Schoof, L.A., Maestas, F.A. and Young, C.W. (1989) Numerical method to predict projectile penetration, Fourth International Symposium on Interaction of Nonnuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, April. 7.20 Taylor, T. and Fragaszy, R.J. (1989) Implications of Centrifuge Penetration Tests for use of Young’s equation, Fourth International Symposium on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, April. 7.21 Gebara, J.M., Pau, A.D. and Anderson, J.B. (1993) Analysis of rock-rubble overlay protection of structures by the finite block method, Proc. of Sixth International Symp. on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, May, p. 12. 7.22 Nelson, R.B., Ito, Y.M., Burks, D.E. et al. (1983) Numerical Analysis of Projectile Penetration into Boulder Screens, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Report WES.MP.SL.83.11.
180 Penetration and fragmentation 7.23 Gelman, M.D., Richard, B.N. and Ito, Y.M. (1987) Impact of AP Projectile into Array of Large Caliber Boulders, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. 7.24 Chen, W.F. and Pau, A.D. (1991) Finite element and Finite block methods in Geomechanics, Proc. of Third Int. Conf. on Constitutive Laws of Engineering Materials, Tucson, Arizona. 7.25 Schwer, L.E., Rosinsky, R. and Day, J.A. (1987) Lagrangian technique for predicting earth penetration including penetrator response, Third International Symposium on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Mannheim, Germany, March. 7.26 Creighton, D.C. (1982) Non-normal Projectile Penetration in Soil and Rock: User’s Guide for Computer Code PENCO2D, US Army Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report SL.82.7, Vicksburg, September. 7.27 Matuska, D., Durrett, R.E. and Osborn, J.J. (1982) HULL User’s Guide for Three Dimensional Linking with EPIC3, Orlando Technology Inc. Report ARBRL-CR-00484, Shalimar, Florida, July. 7.28 Ito, Y.M., Nelson, R.B. and Ross-Perry, F.W. (1979) Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Earth Penetration Dynamics, US Defense Nuclear Agency Report DNA 5404 F, January. 7.29 Yankelevsky, D.Z. (1983) Projectile penetration through a narrow drill in soil, Int. Journal of Impact Engineering, 1(4), p. 377. 7.30 Young, C.W. and Young, E.R. (1985) Simplified Analytical Model of Penetration withLateral Loading , Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND-84–1635, May. 7.31 Amini, A. and Anderson, J.B. (1993) Modelling of projectile penetration into geologic targets based on energy tracking and momentum impulse principle, Proc. of Sixth International Symp. on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, May, p. 6. 7.32 Pariseau, W.G. and Fairhurst, C. (1967) The force penetration characteristic for wedge penetration into rock, Int. Journal of Rock Mech. and Min. Science, 4, p. 165. 7.33 Anderson, W.F., Watson, A.J., Johnson, M.R. and McNeil, G.M. (1983) Optimization of rock/polymer composites to resist projectile penetration, Materiaux et Constructions, 16(95), 343. 7.34 Whiffen, P. (1943) UK Road Research Laboratory Note No. MOS/311. 7.35 Beth, R.A. (1946) Effects of impact and explosion, Terminal Ballistics of Concrete, Chap. 7, Vol. 1, Summary Tech Rep DW2, NRDC, Washington. 7.36 Forrestal, M.J., Altman, B.S., Cargile, J.D. and Hanchak, S.J. (1993) An empirical equation for penetration depth of ogive-nosed projectiles into concrete targets, Proc. of 6th Int. Symp. on Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida, USA, May. 7.37 Brown, S.J. (1986) Energy release protection for pressurised systems, Part 2. Review of studies into impact/terminal ballistics, Applied Mechanics Review, 39. 7.38 Gold, V.M., Pearson, J.C. and Turci, J. (1993) Resistance of concrete and reinforced concrete structures impacted by CU and TA projectiles, Proc. of 6th Symp. on the Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures, Panama City Beach, Florida USA, May. 7.39 Tate, A. (no date) A theory for the deceleration of long rods after impact, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 15, 387. 7.40 Peters, J., Anderson, W.F. and Watson, A.J. (1994) Determination of penetration parameters from the stress pulse generated during projectile penetration into cementitious materials, Structures Under Shock and Impact III, Comp. Mech. Pub., June, p. 235.
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EXPLOSIVE LOADING OF ENGINEERING ST
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Explosive Loading of Engineering St
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Contents Preface vii Acknowledgemen
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Preface A long time ago I walked ov
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Acknowledgements The reports from w
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xii Notation m mass of projectile m
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xiv Notation Q work done during exp
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Introduction Explosions can threate
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Introduction xix Bertram Hopkinson
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Introduction xxi in the seventeenth
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Introduction xxiii own versions of
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Introduction xxv indoor shelters an
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Introduction xxvii explosions/ stru
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Introduction xxix particularly dama
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Introduction xxxi but the feeling i
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2 The nature of explosions propelli
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4 The nature of explosions or rathe
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6 The nature of explosions ogive, a
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8 The nature of explosions mass, an
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10 The nature of explosions Figure
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12 4 lb cylinders, TNT, 3.75 lb sph
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14 The nature of explosions As Figu
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16 The nature of explosions of the
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18 1.4 THE DECAY OF INSTANTANEOUS O
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20 The nature of explosions Figure
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22 The nature of explosions where I
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24 sometimes written in psi as The
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26 The nature of explosions 1.20 Ki
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28 The detonation of explosive char
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50 Figure 2.18 Radius/time curve of
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54 and 50%, rather than by a factor
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3 Propellant, dust, gas and vapour
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Dust explosions 61 as the period 19
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Gas explosions 63 reported by Palme
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Gas explosions 65 workings in very
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Vapour cloud explosions 67 the leak
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References 69 in Los Angeles Harbou
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4 Structural loading from distant e
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Uniformly distributed pressures 73
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Table 4.1 Loading/time relationship
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Loading/time relationships 77 overp
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Loading/time relationships 79 side
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Loads on underground structures 81
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Loads on underwater structures 87 c
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References 89 4.12 Allgood, J. (197
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92 Structural loading from local ex
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98 The general empirical equation f
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100 Structural loading from local e
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112 Figure 5.16 Relationship betwee
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120 Pressure measurement and blast
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Page 179 and 180: 146 Penetration and fragmentation w
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Page 183 and 184: 152 Penetration and fragmentation F
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Page 191 and 192: 158 Figure 7.16 Penetration simulat
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Page 197 and 198: 164 Table 7.1 Penetration and fragm
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Page 215 and 216: 182 Penetration and fragmentation 7
Page 217 and 218: 184 The effects of explosive loadin
Page 221 and 222: 188 Table 8.1 It is worth noting th
Page 233 and 234: 200 Table 8.5 The effects of explos
Page 249 and 250: 216 Response, safety and evolution
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230 Cole, R.H. 46, 48, 53, 55, 99 C
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232 Petry 143 Philip, E.B. 13, 14,
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Subject index Aircraft damage 207 A
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